Syntax for SQL Functions

A function is a command that manipulates data items and returns a single value.

The sections that follow show each SQL function and its related syntax. Refer to Chapter 5, "Subclauses" for the syntax of the subclauses.

SQLQR242ABS

ABS(n)

SQLQR243ACOS

ACOS(n)

SQLQR244ADD_MONTHS

ADD_MONTHS(date, integer)

SQLQR245aggregate_function

Aggregate functions return a single result row based on groups of rows, rather than on single rows.

SQLQR246analytic_function

analytic_function([ arguments ])
   OVER (analytic_clause)

SQLQR247APPENDCHILDXML

APPENDCHILDXML
  ( XMLType_instance, XPath_string, value_expr [, namespace_string ])

SQLQR248ASCII

ASCII(char)

SQLQR249ASCIISTR

ASCIISTR(char)

SQLQR250ASIN

ASIN(n)

SQLQR251ATAN

ATAN(n)

SQLQR252ATAN2

ATAN2(n1 , n2)

SQLQR253AVG

AVG([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr) [ OVER(analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR254BFILENAME

BFILENAME('directory', 'filename')

SQLQR255BIN_TO_NUM

BIN_TO_NUM(expr [, expr ]... )

SQLQR256BITAND

BITAND(expr1, expr2)

SQLQR257CARDINALITY

CARDINALITY(nested_table)

SQLQR258CAST

CAST({ expr | MULTISET (subquery) } AS type_name)

SQLQR259CEIL

CEIL(n)

SQLQR260CHARTOROWID

CHARTOROWID(char)

SQLQR261CHR

CHR(n [ USING NCHAR_CS ])

SQLQR262CLUSTER_ID

CLUSTER_ID ( [ schema . ] model mining_attribute_clause )

SQLQR263CLUSTER_PROBABILITY

CLUSTER_PROBABILITY ( [ schema . ] model
   [ , cluster_id ] mining_attribute_clause )

SQLQR264CLUSTER_SET

CLUSTER_SET ( [ schema . ] model [ , topN [ , cutoff ] ] mining_attribute_clause )

SQLQR265COALESCE

COALESCE(expr [, expr ]...)

SQLQR266COLLECT

COLLECT( [ DISTINCT | UNIQUE ] column [ ORDER BY expr ] )

SQLQR267COMPOSE

COMPOSE(char)

SQLQR268CONCAT

CONCAT(char1, char2)

SQLQR269CONVERT

CONVERT(char, dest_char_set[, source_char_set ])

SQLQR270CORR

CORR(expr1, expr2) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR271CORR_K, CORR_S

{ CORR_K | CORR_S }
   (expr1, expr2
     [, { COEFFICIENT
        | ONE_SIDED_SIG
        | ONE_SIDED_SIG_POS
        | ONE_SIDED_SIG_NEG
        | TWO_SIDED_SIG
        }
     ]
   )

SQLQR272COS

COS(n)

SQLQR273COSH

COSH(n)

SQLQR274COUNT

COUNT({ * | [ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr }) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR275COVAR_POP

COVAR_POP(expr1, expr2)
   [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR276COVAR_SAMP

COVAR_SAMP(expr1, expr2) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR277CUBE_TABLE

CUBE_TABLE
( ' { schema.cube [ {HIERARCHY | HRR} dimension hierarchy ]...
    | schema.dimension [ {HIERARCHY | HRR} [dimension] hierarchy ]
    }
  '
)

SQLQR278CUME_DIST (aggregate)

CUME_DIST(expr[,expr ]...) WITHIN GROUP
  (ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ]
                 [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] 
            [, expr [ DESC | ASC ]
                    [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
            ]...
  )

SQLQR279CUME_DIST (analytic)

CUME_DIST() OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause)

SQLQR280CURRENT_DATE

CURRENT_DATE

SQLQR281CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP [ (precision) ]

SQLQR282CV

CV([ dimension_column ])

SQLQR283DATAOBJ_TO_PARTITION

DATAOBJ_TO_PARTITION( table, partition_id )

SQLQR284DBTIMEZONE

DBTIMEZONE

SQLQR285DECODE

DECODE(expr, search, result [, search, result ]... [, default ])

SQLQR286DECOMPOSE

DECOMPOSE( string [ CANONICAL | COMPATIBILITY ] )

SQLQR287DELETEXML

DELETEXML( XMLType_instance, XPath_string [, namespace_string ])

SQLQR288DENSE_RANK (aggregate)

DENSE_RANK(expr [, expr ]...) WITHIN GROUP
  (ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ]
                 [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
            [,expr [ DESC | ASC ]
                   [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
            ]...
  )

SQLQR289DENSE_RANK (analytic)

DENSE_RANK( ) OVER([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause)

SQLQR290DEPTH

DEPTH(correlation_integer)

SQLQR291DEREF

DEREF(expr)

SQLQR292DUMP

DUMP(expr[, return_fmt [, start_position [, length ] ]])

SQLQR293EMPTY_BLOB, EMPTY_CLOB

{ EMPTY_BLOB | EMPTY_CLOB }( )

SQLQR294EXISTSNODE

EXISTSNODE
   (XMLType_instance, XPath_string
      [, namespace_string ]
   )

SQLQR295EXP

EXP(n)

SQLQR296EXTRACT (datetime)

EXTRACT( { YEAR
         | MONTH
         | DAY
         | HOUR
         | MINUTE
         | SECOND
         | TIMEZONE_HOUR
         | TIMEZONE_MINUTE
         | TIMEZONE_REGION
         | TIMEZONE_ABBR
         }
         FROM { expr }
       )

SQLQR297EXTRACT (XML)

EXTRACT(XMLType_instance, XPath_string [, namespace_string ])

SQLQR298EXTRACTVALUE

EXTRACTVALUE(XMLType_instance, XPath_string [, namespace_string ])

SQLQR299FEATURE_ID

FEATURE_ID( [ schema . ] model mining_attribute_clause )

SQLQR300FEATURE_SET

FEATURE_SET( [ schema . ] model [, topN [, cutoff ]] mining_attribute_clause )

SQLQR301FEATURE_VALUE

FEATURE_VALUE( [ schema . ] model [, feature_id ] mining_attribute_clause )

SQLQR302FIRST

aggregate_function
   KEEP
   (DENSE_RANK FIRST ORDER BY
    expr [ DESC | ASC ]
         [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
    [, expr [ DESC | ASC ]
            [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
    ]...
   )
   [ OVER ( [query_partition_clause] ) ]

SQLQR303FIRST_VALUE

FIRST_VALUE 
  { (expr) [ {RESPECT | IGNORE} NULLS ]
  | (expr [ {RESPECT | IGNORE} NULLS ])
  }
  OVER (analytic_clause)

SQLQR304FLOOR

FLOOR(n)

SQLQR305FROM_TZ

FROM_TZ (timestamp_value, time_zone_value)

SQLQR306GREATEST

GREATEST(expr [, expr ]...)

SQLQR307GROUP_ID

GROUP_ID( )

SQLQR308GROUPING

GROUPING(expr)

SQLQR309GROUPING_ID

GROUPING_ID(expr [, expr ]...)

SQLQR310HEXTORAW

HEXTORAW(char)

SQLQR311INITCAP

INITCAP(char)

SQLQR312INSERTCHILDXML

INSERTCHILDXML
  ( XMLType_instance, XPath_string, child_expr, value_expr [, namespace_string ] )

SQLQR313INSERTCHILDXMLAFTER

INSERTCHILDXMLAFTER
  ( XMLType_instance, XPath_string, child_expr, value_expr [, namespace_string ] )

SQLQR314INSERTCHILDXMLBEFORE

INSERTCHILDXMLBEFORE
  ( XMLType_instance, XPath_string, child_expr, value_expr [, namespace_string ] )

SQLQR315INSERTXMLAFTER

INSERTXMLAFTER
  ( XMLType_instance, XPath_string, value_expr [, namespace_string ] )

SQLQR316INSERTXMLBEFORE

INSERTXMLBEFORE
  ( XMLType_instance, XPath_string, value_expr [, namespace_string ] )

SQLQR317INSTR

{ INSTR
| INSTRB
| INSTRC
| INSTR2
| INSTR4
}
(string , substring [, position [, occurrence ] ])

SQLQR318ITERATION_NUMBER

ITERATION_NUMBER

SQLQR319LAG

LAG
  { ( value_expr [, offset [, default]]) [ { RESPECT | IGNORE } NULLS ] 
  | ( value_expr [ { RESPECT | IGNORE } NULLS ] [, offset [, default]] )
  }
  OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause)

SQLQR320LAST

aggregate_function KEEP
  (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY
    expr [ DESC | ASC ]
         [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
    [, expr [ DESC | ASC ]
            [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
    ]...
  )
  [ OVER ( [query_partition_clause] ) ]

SQLQR321LAST_DAY

LAST_DAY(date)

SQLQR322LAST_VALUE

LAST_VALUE
  { (expr) [ { RESPECT | IGNORE } NULLS ]
  | (expr [ { RESPECT | IGNORE } NULLS ])
  OVER (analytic_clause)

SQLQR323LEAD

LEAD
  { ( value_expr [, offset [, default]] ) [ { RESPECT | IGNORE } NULLS ] 
  | ( value_expr [ { RESPECT | IGNORE } NULLS ] [, offset [, default]] )
  }
  OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause)

SQLQR324LEAST

LEAST(expr [, expr ]...)

SQLQR325LENGTH

{ LENGTH
| LENGTHB
| LENGTHC
| LENGTH2
| LENGTH4
}
(char)

SQLQR326LISTAGG

LISTAGG(measure_expr [, 'delimiter'])
  WITHIN GROUP (order_by_clause) [OVER query_partition_clause]

SQLQR327LN

LN(n)

SQLQR328LNNVL

LNNVL(condition)

SQLQR329LOCALTIMESTAMP

LOCALTIMESTAMP [ (timestamp_precision) ]

SQLQR330LOG

LOG(n2, n1)

SQLQR331LOWER

LOWER(char)

SQLQR332LPAD

LPAD(expr1, n [, expr2 ])

SQLQR333LTRIM

LTRIM(char [, set ])

SQLQR334MAKE_REF

MAKE_REF({ table | view } , key [, key ]...)

SQLQR335MAX

MAX([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR336MEDIAN

MEDIAN(expr) [ OVER (query_partition_clause) ]

SQLQR337MIN

MIN([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR338MOD

MOD(n2, n1)

SQLQR339MONTHS_BETWEEN

MONTHS_BETWEEN(date1, date2)

SQLQR340NANVL

NANVL(n2, n1)

SQLQR341NCHR

NCHR(number)

SQLQR342NEW_TIME

NEW_TIME(date, timezone1, timezone2)

SQLQR343NEXT_DAY

NEXT_DAY(date, char)

SQLQR344NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN

NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN(byte_count, 'char_set_id')

SQLQR345NLS_CHARSET_ID

NLS_CHARSET_ID(string)

SQLQR346NLS_CHARSET_NAME

NLS_CHARSET_NAME(number)

SQLQR347NLS_INITCAP

NLS_INITCAP(char [, 'nlsparam' ])

SQLQR348NLS_LOWER

NLS_LOWER(char [, 'nlsparam' ])

SQLQR349NLS_UPPER

NLS_UPPER(char [, 'nlsparam' ])

SQLQR350NLSSORT

NLSSORT(char [, 'nlsparam' ])

SQLQR351NTH_VALUE

NTH_VALUE(measure_expr, n)
  [ FROM { FIRST | LAST } ][ { RESPECT | IGNORE } NULLS ] 
  OVER (analytic_clause)

SQLQR352NTILE

NTILE(expr) OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause)

SQLQR353NULLIF

NULLIF(expr1, expr2)

SQLQR354NUMTODSINTERVAL

NUMTODSINTERVAL(n, 'interval_unit')

SQLQR355NUMTOYMINTERVAL

NUMTOYMINTERVAL(n, 'interval_unit')

SQLQR356NVL

NVL(expr1, expr2)

SQLQR357NVL2

NVL2(expr1, expr2, expr3)

SQLQR358ORA_DST_AFFECTED

ORA_DST_AFFECTED(datetime_expr)

SQLQR359ORA_DST_CONVERT

ORA_DST_CONVERT(datetime_expr [, integer [, integer ]])

SQLQR360ORA_DST_ERROR

ORA_DST_ERROR(datetime_expr)

SQLQR361ORA_HASH

ORA_HASH(expr [, max_bucket [, seed_value ] ])

SQLQR362PATH

PATH(correlation_integer)

SQLQR363PERCENT_RANK (aggregate)

PERCENT_RANK(expr [, expr ]...) WITHIN GROUP
  (ORDER BY
   expr [ DESC | ASC ]
        [NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
   [, expr [ DESC | ASC ]
           [NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
   ]...
  )

SQLQR364PERCENT_RANK (analytic)

PERCENT_RANK( ) OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause)

SQLQR365PERCENTILE_CONT

PERCENTILE_CONT(expr) WITHIN GROUP
  (ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ])
  [ OVER (query_partition_clause) ]

SQLQR366PERCENTILE_DISC

PERCENTILE_DISC(expr) WITHIN GROUP
  (ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ])
  [ OVER (query_partition_clause) ]

SQLQR367POWER

POWER(n2, n1)

SQLQR368POWERMULTISET

POWERMULTISET(expr)

SQLQR369POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINALITY

POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINALITY(expr, cardinality)

SQLQR370PREDICTION

PREDICTION ( [ schema . ] model [ cost_matrix_clause ] mining_attribute_clause )

SQLQR371PREDICTION_BOUNDS

PREDICTION_BOUNDS
( [schema.] model
  [, confidence_level [, class_value]]
  mining_attribute_clause
)

SQLQR372PREDICTION_COST

PREDICTION_COST ( [ schema . ] model [ , class ] cost_matrix_clause
 mining_attribute_clause )

SQLQR373PREDICTION_DETAILS

PREDICTION_DETAILS ( [ schema . ] model mining_attribute_clause )

SQLQR374PREDICTION_PROBABILITY

PREDICTION_PROBABILITY ( [ schema . ] model [ , class ] 
   mining_attribute_clause )

SQLQR375PREDICTION_SET

PREDICTION_SET ( [ schema . ] model [ , bestN [ , cutoff ] ] 
  [ cost_matrix_clause ] mining_attribute_clause )

SQLQR376PRESENTNNV

PRESENTNNV(cell_reference, expr1, expr2)

SQLQR377PRESENTV

PRESENTV(cell_reference, expr1, expr2)

SQLQR378PREVIOUS

PREVIOUS(cell_reference)

SQLQR379RANK (aggregate)

RANK(expr [, expr ]...) WITHIN GROUP
   (ORDER BY
    expr [ DESC | ASC ]
         [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
    [, expr [ DESC | ASC ]
            [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
    ]...
   )

SQLQR380RANK (analytic)

RANK( )
   OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause)

SQLQR381RATIO_TO_REPORT

RATIO_TO_REPORT(expr)
   OVER ([ query_partition_clause ])

SQLQR382RAWTOHEX

RAWTOHEX(raw)

SQLQR383RAWTONHEX

RAWTONHEX(raw)

SQLQR384REF

REF (correlation_variable)

SQLQR385REFTOHEX

REFTOHEX (expr)

SQLQR386REGEXP_COUNT

REGEXP_COUNT (source_char, pattern [, position [, match_param]])

SQLQR387REGEXP_INSTR

REGEXP_INSTR (source_char, pattern
              [, position
                 [, occurrence
                    [, return_opt
                       [, match_param
                          [, subexpr]
                       ]
                    ]
                 ]
              ]

SQLQR388REGEXP_REPLACE

REGEXP_REPLACE(source_char, pattern
               [, replace_string
                  [, position
                     [, occurrence
                        [, match_param ]
                     ]
                  ]
               ]
              )

SQLQR389REGEXP_SUBSTR

REGEXP_SUBSTR(source_char, pattern
              [, position
                 [, occurrence
                    [, match_param
                       [, subexpr
                       ]
                    ]
                 ]
              ]
             )

SQLQR390REGR_AVGX, REGR_AVGY, REGR_COUNT, REGR_INTERCEPT, REGR_R2, REGR_SLOPE, REGR_SXX, REGR_SXY, REGR_SYY

{ REGR_SLOPE 
| REGR_INTERCEPT 
| REGR_COUNT 
| REGR_R2 
| REGR_AVGX
| REGR_AVGY 
| REGR_SXX 
| REGR_SYY 
| REGR_SXY
}
(expr1 , expr2)
[ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR391REMAINDER

REMAINDER(n2, n1)

SQLQR392REPLACE

REPLACE(char, search_string
        [, replacement_string ]
       )

SQLQR393ROUND (date)

ROUND(date [, fmt ])

SQLQR394ROUND (number)

ROUND(n [, integer ])

SQLQR395ROW_NUMBER

ROW_NUMBER( )
   OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause)

SQLQR396ROWIDTOCHAR

ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid)

SQLQR397ROWIDTONCHAR

ROWIDTONCHAR(rowid)

SQLQR398RPAD

RPAD(expr1 , n [, expr2 ])

SQLQR399RTRIM

RTRIM(char [, set ])

SQLQR400SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP

SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(number)

SQLQR401SESSIONTIMEZONE

SESSIONTIMEZONE

SQLQR402SET

SET (nested_table)

SQLQR403SIGN

SIGN(n)

SQLQR404SIN

SIN(n)

SQLQR405SINH

SINH(n)

SQLQR406SOUNDEX

SOUNDEX(char)

SQLQR407SQRT

SQRT(n)

SQLQR408STATS_BINOMIAL_TEST

STATS_BINOMIAL_TEST(expr1, expr2, p
                    [, { TWO_SIDED_PROB
                       | EXACT_PROB
                       | ONE_SIDED_PROB_OR_MORE
                       | ONE_SIDED_PROB_OR_LESS
                       }
                    ]
                   )

SQLQR409STATS_CROSSTAB

STATS_CROSSTAB(expr1, expr2
               [, { CHISQ_OBS
                  | CHISQ_SIG
                  | CHISQ_DF
                  | PHI_COEFFICIENT
                  | CRAMERS_V
                  | CONT_COEFFICIENT
                  | COHENS_K
                  }
               ]
              )

SQLQR410STATS_F_TEST

STATS_F_TEST(expr1, expr2
             [, { { STATISTIC
                  | DF_NUM
                  | DF_DEN
                  | ONE_SIDED_SIG
    } , expr3
                | TWO_SIDED_SIG
                }
             ]
            )

SQLQR411STATS_KS_TEST

STATS_KS_TEST(expr1, expr2
              [, { STATISTIC | SIG } ]
             )

SQLQR412STATS_MODE

STATS_MODE(expr)

SQLQR413STATS_MW_TEST

STATS_MW_TEST(expr1, expr2
              [, { STATISTIC
                 | U_STATISTIC
                 | ONE_SIDED_SIG , expr3
                 | TWO_SIDED_SIG
                 }
              ]
             )

SQLQR414STATS_ONE_WAY_ANOVA

STATS_ONE_WAY_ANOVA(expr1, expr2
                    [, { SUM_SQUARES_BETWEEN
                       | SUM_SQUARES_WITHIN
                       | DF_BETWEEN
                       | DF_WITHIN
                       | MEAN_SQUARES_BETWEEN
                       | MEAN_SQUARES_WITHIN
                       | F_RATIO
                       | SIG
                       }
                    ]
                   )

SQLQR415STATS_T_TEST_INDEP, STATS_T_TEST_INDEPU, STATS_T_TEST_ONE, STATS_T_TEST_PAIRED

{
  STATS_T_TEST_ONE ( expr1 [, expr2 ]
|
  { { STATS_T_TEST_PAIRED
    | STATS_T_TEST_INDEP
    | STATS_T_TEST_INDEPU
    } ( expr1, expr2
  }
}
[, { { STATISTIC | ONE_SIDED_SIG } , expr3 | TWO_SIDED_SIG | DF } ] )

SQLQR416STATS_WSR_TEST

STATS_WSR_TEST(expr1, expr2
               [, { STATISTIC
                  | ONE_SIDED_SIG
                  | TWO_SIDED_SIG
                  }
               ]
              )

SQLQR417STDDEV

STDDEV([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr)
   [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR418STDDEV_POP

STDDEV_POP(expr)
   [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR419STDDEV_SAMP

STDDEV_SAMP(expr)
   [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR420SUBSTR

{ SUBSTR
| SUBSTRB
| SUBSTRC
| SUBSTR2
| SUBSTR4
}
(char, position [, substring_length ])

SQLQR421SUM

SUM([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr)
   [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR422SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH

SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(column, char)

SQLQR423SYS_CONTEXT

SYS_CONTEXT('namespace', 'parameter' [, length ])

SQLQR424SYS_DBURIGEN

SYS_DBURIGEN({ column | attribute }
             [ rowid ]
               [, { column | attribute }
                  [ rowid ]
               ]...
             [, 'text ( )' ]
            )

SQLQR425SYS_EXTRACT_UTC

SYS_EXTRACT_UTC(datetime_with_timezone)

SQLQR426SYS_GUID

SYS_GUID( )

SQLQR427SYS_TYPEID

SYS_TYPEID(object_type_value)

SQLQR428SYS_XMLAGG

SYS_XMLAGG(expr [, fmt ])

SQLQR429SYS_XMLGEN

SYS_XMLGEN(expr [, fmt ])

SQLQR430SYSDATE

SYSDATE

SQLQR431SYSTIMESTAMP

SYSTIMESTAMP

SQLQR432TAN

TAN(n)

SQLQR433TANH

TANH(n)

SQLQR434TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN

TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN(timestamp)

SQLQR435TO_BINARY_DOUBLE

TO_BINARY_DOUBLE(expr [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ])

SQLQR436TO_BINARY_FLOAT

TO_BINARY_FLOAT(expr [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ])

SQLQR437TO_BLOB

TO_BLOB ( raw_value )

SQLQR438TO_CHAR (character)

TO_CHAR(nchar | clob | nclob)

SQLQR439TO_CHAR (datetime)

TO_CHAR({ datetime | interval } [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ])

SQLQR440TO_CHAR (number)

TO_CHAR(n [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ])

SQLQR441TO_CLOB

TO_CLOB(lob_column | char)

SQLQR442TO_DATE

TO_DATE(char [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ])

SQLQR443TO_DSINTERVAL

TO_DSINTERVAL ( ' { sql_format | ds_iso_format } ' )

SQLQR444TO_LOB

TO_LOB(long_column)

SQLQR445TO_MULTI_BYTE

TO_MULTI_BYTE(char)

SQLQR446TO_NCHAR (character)

TO_NCHAR({char | clob | nclob})

SQLQR447TO_NCHAR (datetime)

TO_NCHAR({ datetime | interval }
         [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ]
        )

SQLQR448TO_NCHAR (number)

TO_NCHAR(n [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ])

SQLQR449TO_NCLOB

TO_NCLOB(lob_column | char)

SQLQR450TO_NUMBER

TO_NUMBER(expr [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ])

SQLQR451TO_SINGLE_BYTE

TO_SINGLE_BYTE(char)

SQLQR452TO_TIMESTAMP

TO_TIMESTAMP(char [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ])

SQLQR453TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ

TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ(char [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ])

SQLQR454TO_YMINTERVAL

TO_YMINTERVAL
  ( '  { [+|-] years - months 
       | ym_iso_format 
       } ' )

SQLQR455TRANSLATE

TRANSLATE(expr, from_string, to_string)

SQLQR456TRANSLATE ... USING

TRANSLATE ( char USING
          { CHAR_CS | NCHAR_CS }
          )

SQLQR457TREAT

TREAT(expr AS [ REF ] [ schema. ]type)

SQLQR458TRIM

TRIM([ { { LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH }
         [ trim_character ]
       | trim_character
       }
       FROM 
     ]
     trim_source
    )

SQLQR459TRUNC (date)

TRUNC(date [, fmt ])

SQLQR460TRUNC (number)

TRUNC(n1 [, n2 ])

SQLQR461TZ_OFFSET

TZ_OFFSET({ 'time_zone_name'
          | '{ + | - } hh : mi'
          | SESSIONTIMEZONE
          | DBTMEZONE
          }
         )

SQLQR462UID

UID

SQLQR463UNISTR

UNISTR( string )

SQLQR464UPDATEXML

UPDATEXML
      (XMLType_instance,
        XPath_string, value_expr
          [, XPath_string, value_expr ]...
        [, namespace_string ]
      )

SQLQR465UPPER

UPPER(char)

SQLQR466USER

USER

SQLQR467user-defined function

[ schema. ]
{ [ package. ]function | user_defined_operator }
[ @ dblink. ]
[ ( [ [ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr [, expr ]... ] ) ]

SQLQR468USERENV

USERENV('parameter')

SQLQR469VALUE

VALUE(correlation_variable)

SQLQR470VAR_POP

VAR_POP(expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR471VAR_SAMP

VAR_SAMP(expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR472VARIANCE

VARIANCE([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr)
        [ OVER (analytic_clause) ]

SQLQR473VSIZE

VSIZE(expr)

SQLQR474WIDTH_BUCKET

WIDTH_BUCKET
   (expr, min_value, max_value, num_buckets)

SQLQR475XMLAGG

XMLAGG(XMLType_instance [ order_by_clause ])

SQLQR476XMLCAST

XMLCAST ( value_expression AS datatype )

SQLQR477XMLCDATA

XMLCDATA ( value_expr )

SQLQR478XMLCOLATTVAL

XMLCOLATTVAL
  (value_expr [ AS { c_alias  | EVALNAME value_expr } ]
    [, value_expr [ AS { c_alias  | EVALNAME value_expr } ]
      ]...
  )

SQLQR479XMLCOMMENT

XMLCOMMENT ( value_expr )

SQLQR480XMLCONCAT

XMLCONCAT(XMLType_instance [, XMLType_instance ]...)

SQLQR481XMLDIFF

XMLDIFF ( XMLType_document, XMLType_document [ , integer, string ] )

SQLQR482XMLELEMENT

XMLELEMENT
 ( [ ENTITYESCAPING | NOENTITYESCAPING ]
   [ NAME ]
     { identifier
     | EVALNAME value_expr
     }
   [, XML_attributes_clause ]
   [, value_expr [ [AS] c_alias ]]...
 )

SQLQR483XMLEXISTS

XMLEXISTS ( XQuery_string [ XML_passing_clause ] )

SQLQR484XMLFOREST

XMLFOREST
  ( value_expr [ AS { c_alias | EVALNAME value_expr } ]
    [, value_expr [ AS { c_alias | EVALNAME value_expr } ]
      ]...
  )

SQLQR485XMLISVALID

XMLISVALID ( XMLType_instance [, XMLSchema_URL [, element ]] )

SQLQR486XMLPARSE

XMLPARSE
  ({ DOCUMENT | CONTENT } value_expr [ WELLFORMED ]
  )

SQLQR487XMLPATCH

XMLPATCH ( XMLType_document, XMLType_document )

SQLQR488XMLPI

XMLPI
 ( { [ NAME ] identifier
   | EVALNAME value_expr
   } [, value_expr ]
 )

SQLQR489XMLQUERY

XMLQUERY
 ( XQuery_string 
   [ XML_passing_clause ] 
   RETURNING CONTENT [NULL ON EMPTY] 
 )

SQLQR490XMLROOT

XMLROOT
  ( value_expr, VERSION 
  { value_expr | NO VALUE }
  [, STANDALONE { YES | NO | NO VALUE } ]
  )

SQLQR491XMLSEQUENCE

XMLSEQUENCE( XMLType_instance
           | sys_refcursor_instance [, fmt ]
           )

SQLQR492XMLSERIALIZE

XMLSERIALIZE
  ( { DOCUMENT | CONTENT } value_expr [ AS datatype ]
    [ ENCODING xml_encoding_spec ]
    [ VERSION string_literal ]
    [ NO INDENT | { INDENT [SIZE = number] } ]
    [ { HIDE | SHOW } DEFAULTS ]
  )

SQLQR493XMLTABLE

XMLTABLE
 ( 
  [ XMLnamespaces_clause , ] XQuery_string XMLTABLE_options 
 )

SQLQR494XMLTRANSFORM

XMLTRANSFORM(XMLType_instance, { XMLType_instance
                               | string
                               }
                   )