Comma operator

The comma operator evaluates each of its operands (from left to right) and returns the value of the last operand.

Syntax

expr1, expr2, expr3...

Parameters

expr1, expr2, expr3...

Any expressions.

Description

You can use the comma operator when you want to include multiple expressions in a location that requires a single expression. The most common usage of this operator is to supply multiple parameters in a for loop.

Examples

If a is a 2-dimensional array with 10 elements on each side, the following code uses the comma operator to increment two variables at once.

The following code prints the values of the diagonal elements in the array:

for (var i = 0, j = 9; i <= 9; i++, j--)
  console.log('a[' + i + '][' + j + '] = ' + a[i][j]);

Note that the comma in assignments such as the var statement may appear not to have the normal effect of comma operators because they don't exist within an expression. In the following example, a is set to the value of b = 3 (which is 3), but the c = 4 expression still evaluates and its result returned to console (i.e., 4). This is due to operator precedence and associativity.

// Note that the following creates globals and is disallowed in strict mode.
a = b = 3, c = 4; // Returns 4 in console
console.log(a); // 3 (left-most)
x = (y = 5, z = 6); // Returns 6 in console
console.log(x); // 6 (right-most)

The comma operator is fully different from the comma within arrays, objects, and function arguments and parameters.

Processing and then returning

Another example that one could make with comma operator is processing before returning. As stated, only the last element will be returned but all others are going to be evaluated as well. So, one could do:

function myFunc() {
  var x = 0;
  return (x += 1, x); // the same as return ++x;
}

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• for loop