ECMAScript is the scripting language that forms the basis of JavaScript. ECMAScript is standardized by the ECMA International standards organization in the ECMA-262 and ECMA-402 specifications. The following ECMAScript standards have been approved or are being worked on:
| Name | Links | Release date | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current editions | |||
| ECMA-262 9th Edition | Working draft, repository | 2018 | ECMAScript 2018 Language Specification |
| ECMA-402 5th Edition | Working draft, repository | 2018 | ECMAScript 2018 Internationalization API Specification |
| Obsolete/historical editions | |||
| ECMA-262 | June 1997 | ECMAScript: A general purpose, cross-platform programming language. This was the first version of the ECMAScript standard. | |
| ECMA-262 2nd Edition | August 1998 | ECMAScript Language Specification. This is the second revision of the ECMAScript standard; also ISO standard 16262. | |
| ECMA-262 3rd Edition | December 1999 | ECMAScript Language Specification. This is the third revision of the ECMAScript standard; corresponds to JavaScript 1.5. See also the errata |
|
| ECMA-262 5th Edition | December 2009 | ECMAScript Language Specification. This is the fifth revision of the ECMAScript standard. See also the ES5 errata and ECMAScript 5 support in Mozilla |
|
| ECMA-357 | June 2004 | ECMAScript for XML (E4X). See also the E4X errata. |
|
| ECMA-262 5.1 Edition | PDF, HTML | June 2011 | This version is fully aligned with 3rd edition of the international standard ISO/IEC 16262:2011. It includes ES5 errata fixes, no new features. |
| ECMA-402 1st Edition | PDF, HTML | December 2012 | ECMAScript Internationalization API Specification |
| ECMA-262 6th Edition | PDF, HTML | June 2015 | ECMAScript 2015 Language Specification |
| ECMA-402 2nd Edition | June 2015 | ECMAScript 2015 Internationalization API Specification | |
| ECMA-262 7th Edition | HTML | June 2016 | ECMAScript 2016 Language Specification |
| ECMA-402 3rd Edition | HTML | June 2016 | ECMAScript 2016 Internationalization API Specification |
| ECMA-262 8th Edition | HTML | June 2017 | ECMAScript 2017 Language Specification |
| ECMA-402 4rd Edition | HTML | June 2017 | ECMAScript 2017 Internationalization API Specification |
See Wikipedia ECMAScript entry for more information on ECMAScript history.
You can participate in or just track the work on the next revisions of the ECMAScript Language Specification, code-named "Harmony", and the ECMAScript Internationalization API Specification via public wiki and the es-discuss mailing list linked from ecmascript.org.
Implementations
- SpiderMonkey - the JavaScript engine used in various Mozilla products, including Firefox;
- Rhino - the JavaScript engine written in Java;
- Tamarin - the ActionScript virtual machine (used in the Adobe® Flash® Player);
- Other implementations (Wikipedia).
See also
- Brendan Eich's blog. Brendan is the creator of JavaScript and the SpiderMonkey JS engine. He still works with the ECMA working group to evolve the language.
- Dmitry Soshnikov's analysis of ECMA-262 Edition 3 and 5
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