animation

The animation CSS property is a shorthand property for the various animation properties: animation-name, animation-duration, animation-timing-function, animation-delay, animation-iteration-count, animation-direction, animation-fill-mode, and animation-play-state.

/* @keyframes duration | timing-function | delay | 
iteration-count | direction | fill-mode | play-state | name */
animation: 3s ease-in 1s 2 reverse both paused slidein;
/* @keyframes duration | timing-function | delay | name */
animation: 3s linear 1s slidein;
/* @keyframes duration | name */
animation: 3s slidein;

A description of which properties are animatable is available; it's worth noting that this description is also valid for CSS transitions.

Syntax

The animation property is specified as one or more single animations, separated by commas.

Each individual animation is specified as:

• zero or one occurrences of the following values:
  • <single-transition-timing-function>
  • <single-animation-iteration-count>
  • <single-animation-direction>
  • <single-animation-fill-mode>
  • <single-animation-play-state>
• an optional name for the animation, which may be none, a <custom-ident>, or a <string>
• zero, one, or two <time> values

The order of values within each animation definition is important: the first value that can be parsed as a <time> is assigned to the animation-duration, and the second one is assigned to animation-delay.

The order within each animation definition is also important for distinguishing animation-name values from other keywords. When parsed, keywords that are valid for properties other than animation-name, and whose values were not found earlier in the shorthand, must be accepted for those properties rather than for animation-name. Furthermore, when serialized, default values of other properties must be output in at least the cases necessary to distinguish an animation-name that could be a value of another property, and may be output in additional cases.

Values

<single-animation-iteration-count>

The number of times the animation is played. The value must be one of those available in animation-iteration-count.

<single-animation-direction>

The direction in which the animation is played. The value must be one of those available in animation-direction.

<single-animation-fill-mode>

Determines how styles should be applied to the animation's target before and after its execution. The value must be one of those available in animation-fill-mode.

<single-animation-play-state>

Determines whether the animation is playing or not. The value must be one of those available in animation-play-state.

Formal syntax

<single-animation>#
where 
<single-animation> = <time> || <single-timing-function> || <time> || <single-animation-iteration-count> || <single-animation-direction> || <single-animation-fill-mode> || <single-animation-play-state> || [ none | <keyframes-name> ]
where 
<single-timing-function> = linear | <cubic-bezier-timing-function> | <step-timing-function> | <frames-timing-function>
<single-animation-iteration-count> = infinite | <number>
<single-animation-direction> = normal | reverse | alternate | alternate-reverse
<single-animation-fill-mode> = none | forwards | backwards | both
<single-animation-play-state> = running | paused
<keyframes-name> = <custom-ident> | <string>
where 
<cubic-bezier-timing-function> = ease | ease-in | ease-out | ease-in-out | cubic-bezier(<number>, <number>, <number>, <number>)
<step-timing-function> = step-start | step-end | steps(<integer>[, [ start | end ] ]?)
<frames-timing-function> = frames(<integer>)

Examples

Cylon Eye

<div class="view_port">
  <div class="polling_message">
    Listening for dispatches
  </div>
  <div class="cylon_eye"></div>
</div>

.polling_message {
  color: white;
  float: left;
  margin-right: 2%;            
}
.view_port {
  background-color: black;
  height: 25px;
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.cylon_eye {
  background-color: red;
  background-image: linear-gradient(to right,
      rgba(0, 0, 0, .9) 25%,
      rgba(0, 0, 0, .1) 50%,
      rgba(0, 0, 0, .9) 75%);
  color: white;
  height: 100%;
  width: 20%;
  -webkit-animation: 4s linear 0s infinite alternate move_eye;
          animation: 4s linear 0s infinite alternate move_eye;
}
@-webkit-keyframes move_eye { from { margin-left: -20%; } to { margin-left: 100%; }  }
        @keyframes move_eye { from { margin-left: -20%; } to { margin-left: 100%; }  }

See Using CSS animations for additional examples.

Specifications

Browser compatibility

[1] Partial support: the animation-fill-mode property is not supported in Android browsers below 2.3.

[2] In addition to unprefixed support, Gecko 44.0 (Firefox 44.0 / Thunderbird 44.0 / SeaMonkey 2.41) added support for a -webkit prefixed version of the property for web compatibility reasons behind the preference layout.css.prefixes.webkit, defaulting to false. Since Gecko 49.0 (Firefox 49.0 / Thunderbird 49.0 / SeaMonkey 2.46) the preference defaults to true.

[3] See the release notes to Opera 12.50.

[4] The name of the frames() timing function is currently under discussion, so it is currently disabled in browser release versions until a final decision is reached. It is currently enabled in Nightly/Canary only.

See also

• Using CSS animations
• JavaScript AnimationEvent API