The animation-fill-mode
CSS property specifies how a CSS animation should apply styles to its target before and after its execution.
/* Single animation */ animation-fill-mode: none; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-fill-mode: backwards; animation-fill-mode: both; /* Multiple animations */ animation-fill-mode: none, backwards; animation-fill-mode: both, forwards, none;
It is often convenient to use the shorthand property animation
to set all animation properties at once.
Initial value | none |
---|---|
Applies to | all elements, ::before and ::after pseudo-elements |
Inherited | no |
Media | visual |
Computed value | as specified |
Animation type | discrete |
Canonical order | the unique non-ambiguous order defined by the formal grammar |
Syntax
Values
none
- The animation will not apply any styles to the target when it's not executing. The element will instead be displayed using any other CSS rules applied to it. This is the default value.
forwards
- The target will retain the computed values set by the last keyframe encountered during execution. The last keyframe depends on the value of
animation-direction
andanimation-iteration-count
:animation-direction
animation-iteration-count
last keyframe encountered normal
even or odd 100%
orto
reverse
even or odd 0%
orfrom
alternate
even 0%
orfrom
alternate
odd 100%
orto
alternate-reverse
even 100%
orto
alternate-reverse
odd 0%
orfrom
backwards
- The animation will apply the values defined in the first relevant keyframe as soon as it is applied to the target, and retain this during the
animation-delay
period. The first relevant keyframe depends on the value ofanimation-direction
:animation-direction
first relevant keyframe normal
oralternate
0%
orfrom
reverse
oralternate-reverse
100%
orto
both
- The animation will follow the rules for both forwards and backwards, thus extending the animation properties in both directions.
Note: When you specify multiple comma-separated values on an animation-*
property, they will be assigned to the animations specified in the animation-name
property in different ways depending on how many there are. For more information, see Setting multiple animation property values.
Formal syntax
<single-animation-fill-mode>#where
<single-animation-fill-mode> = none | forwards | backwards | both
Example
You can see the effect of animation-fill-mode
in the following example. It demonstrates how, for an animation that runs for an infinite time, you can cause it to remain in its final state rather than reverting to the original state (which is the default).
HTML
<p>Move your mouse over the gray box!</p> <div class="demo"> <div class="grows">This just grows.</div> <div class="growsandstays">This grows and stays big.</div> </div>
CSS
.demo { border-top: 100px solid #ccc; height: 300px; } @keyframes grow { 0% { font-size: 0; } 100% { font-size: 40px; } } .demo:hover .grows { animation-name: grow; animation-duration: 3s; } .demo:hover .growsandstays { animation-name: grow; animation-duration: 3s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; }
See CSS animations for more examples.
Specifications
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
CSS Animations The definition of 'animation-fill-mode' in that specification. |
Working Draft | Initial definition. |
Browser compatibility
Feature | Chrome | Edge | Firefox (Gecko) | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari (WebKit) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | (Yes)-webkit 43.0 |
(Yes)-webkit (Yes) |
5.0 (5.0)-moz 16.0 (16.0)[1] |
10 | 12-o 12.10 |
4.0-webkit |
Feature | Android | Chrome | Edge | Firefox Mobile (Gecko) | IE Phone | Opera Mobile | Safari Mobile | Chrome for Android |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | ? | ? | (Yes)-webkit (Yes) |
? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
[1] In addition to the unprefixed support, Gecko 44.0 (Firefox 44.0 / Thunderbird 44.0 / SeaMonkey 2.41) added support for a -webkit
- prefixed version of the property for web compatibility reasons behind the preference layout.css.prefixes.webkit
, defaulting to false
. Since Gecko 49.0 (Firefox 49.0 / Thunderbird 49.0 / SeaMonkey 2.46) the preference defaults to true
.
See also
- Using CSS animations
- JavaScript
AnimationEvent
API