Prerequisites for using the XML Pipeline processor are listed.

This chapter assumes that you are familiar with these topics:

• XML Pipeline Definition Language. This XML vocabulary enables you to describe the processing relations between XML resources. For a more thorough introduction to the Pipeline Definition Language, consult the XML resources listed in Related Documents.

• Document Object Model (DOM). DOM is an in-memory tree representation of the structure of an XML document.

• Simple API for XML (SAX). SAX is a standard for event-based XML parsing.

• XML Schema language. See Using the XML Schema Processor for Java for an overview and links to suggested reading.

The Oracle XML Pipeline processor is based on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) XML Pipeline Definition Language Version 1.0 Note. The W3C Note defines an XML vocabulary rather than an application programming interface (API).

Pipeline Definition Language Standard for XDK for Java describes the differences between the W3C Note and the Oracle XML Developer's Kit (XDK) implementation of the Oracle XML Pipeline processor.

The Oracle XML Pipeline processor is built on the XML Pipeline Definition Language. The processor can take an input XML pipeline document and execute pipeline processes according to derived dependencies.

A pipeline document, which is written in XML, specifies the processes to be executed in a declarative manner. You can associate Java classes with processes by using the <processdef/> element in the pipeline document.

Use the Pipeline processor for multistage processing, which occurs when you process XML components sequentially or in parallel. The output of one stage of processing can become the input of another stage of processing. You can write a pipeline document that defines the inputs and outputs of the processes. Figure 19-1 shows a possible pipeline sequence.

Figure 19-1 Pipeline Processing

Description of "Figure 19-1 Pipeline Processing"

In addition to the XML Pipeline processor itself, XDK provides an API for processes that you can pipe together in a pipeline document. Table 19-2 summarizes the classes provided in the oracle.xml.pipeline.processes package.

The typical stages of processing XML in a pipeline are:

1. Parse the input XML documents. The oracle.xml.pipeline.processes package includes DOMParserProcess for DOM parsing and SAXParserProcess for SAX parsing.

2. Validate the input XML documents.

3. Serialize or transform the input documents. The Pipeline processor does not enable you to connect the SAX parser to the Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) processor, which requires a DOM.

In multistage processing, SAX is ideal for filtering and searching large XML documents. Use DOM to change or access XML content efficiently and dynamically.

Class oracle.xml.pipeline.controller.Process is the base class for all pipeline process definitions. The classes in package oracle.xml.pipeline.processes extend this base class. To create a customized pipeline process, you must create a class that extends class Process.

At the minimum, every custom process must override the do-nothing initialize() and execute() methods of the Process class. If the customized process accepts SAX events as input, then it should override the SAXContentHandler() method to return the appropriate ContentHandler that handles incoming SAX events. It should also override the SAXErrorHandler() method to return the appropriate ErrorHandler. Table 19-1 provides further descriptions of the preceding methods.

The basic process of the XML Pipeline Processor for Java is described.

• oracle.xml.pipeline.controller, which provides an XML Pipeline controller that executes XML processes in a pipeline based on dependencies.

• oracle.xml.pipeline.processes, which provides wrapper classes for XML processes that can be executed by the XML Pipeline controller. The oracle.xml.pipeline.processes package contains the classes that you can use to design a pipeline application framework. Each class extends the oracle.xml.pipeline.controller.Process class.

  Table 19-2 lists the components in the package. You can connect these components and processes through a combination of the XML Pipeline processor and a pipeline document.

Table 19-2 Classes in oracle.xml.pipeline.processes

Class	Description
CompressReaderProcess	Receives compressed XML and outputs parsed XML.
CompressWriterProcess	Receives XML parsed with DOM or SAX and outputs compressed XML.
DOMParserProcess	Parses incoming XML and outputs a DOM tree.
SAXParserProcess	Parses incoming XML and outputs SAX events.
XPathProcess	Accepts a DOM as input, uses an XPath pattern to select one or more nodes from an XML Document or an XML DocumentFragment, and outputs a Document or DocumentFragment.
XSDSchemaBuilder	Parses an XML schema and outputs a schema object for validation. This process is built into the XML Pipeline processor and builds schema objects used for validating XML documents.
XSDValProcess	Validates against a local schema, analyzes the results, and reports errors if necessary.
XSLProcess	Accepts DOM as input, applies an XSL stylesheet, and outputs the result of the transformation.
XSLStylesheetProcess	Receives an XSL stylesheet as a stream or DOM and creates an XSLStylesheet object.

Figure 19-2 shows how to pass a pipeline document to a Java application that uses the XML Pipeline processor, configure the processor, and execute the pipeline.

Figure 19-2 Using the Pipeline Processor for Java

Description of "Figure 19-2 Using the Pipeline Processor for Java"

The basic steps are:

1. Instantiate a pipeline document, which forms the input to the pipeline execution. Create the object by passing a FileReader to the constructor:

   PipelineDoc pipe;
   FileReader f;
   pipe = new PipelineDoc((Reader)f, false);
   

2. Instantiate a pipeline processor. PipelineProcessor is the top-level class that executes the pipeline. Table 19-3 describes some available methods.

   Table 19-3 PipelineProcessor Methods

   Method	Description
   executePipeline()	Executes the pipeline based on the PipelineDoc set by invoking setPipelineDoc().
   getExecutionMode()	Gets the type of execution mode: PIPELINE_SEQUENTIAL or PIPELINE_PARALLEL.
   setErrorHandler()	Sets the error handler for the pipeline. This invocation is mandatory to execute the pipeline.
   setExecutionMode()	Sets the execution mode. PIPELINE_PARALLEL is the default and specifies that the processes in the pipeline must execute in parallel. PIPELINE_SEQUENTIAL specifies that the processes in the pipeline must execute sequentially.
   setForce()	Sets execution behavior. If TRUE, then the pipeline executes regardless of whether the target is up-to-date with the pipeline inputs.
   setPipelineDoc()	Sets the PipelineDoc object for the pipeline.

   This statement instantiates the pipeline processor:

   proc = new PipelineProcessor();
   

3. Set the processor to the pipeline document. For example:

   proc.setPipelineDoc(pipe);
   

4. Set the execution mode for the processor and perform any other needed configuration. For example, set the mode by passing a constant to PipelineProcessor.setExecutionMode().

   This statement specifies sequential execution:

   proc.setExecutionMode(PipelineConstants.PIPELINE_SEQUENTIAL); 
   

5. Instantiate an error handler. The error handler must implement the PipelineErrorHandler interface. For example:

   errHandler = new PipelineSampleErrHdlr(logname);
   

6. Set the error handler for the processor by invoking setErrorHandler(). For example:

   proc.setErrorHandler(errHandler);
   

7. Execute the pipeline. For example:

   proc.executePipeline();

   See Also:

   Oracle Database XML Java API Reference to learn about the oracle.xml.pipeline subpackages

Demo programs for the XML Pipeline processor are included in $ORACLE_HOME/xdk/demo/java/pipeline.

1. Change into the $ORACLE_HOME/xdk/demo/java/pipeline directory (UNIX) or %ORACLE_HOME%\xdk\demo\java\pipeline directory (Windows).
2. Ensure that your environment variables are set as described in Setting Up the XDK for Java Environment.
3. Run make (UNIX) or Make.bat (Windows) at the system prompt to generate class files for PipelineSample.java and PipelineSampleErrHdler.java and run the demo programs. The programs write output files to the log subdirectory.

   Alternatively, you can run the demo programs manually by using this syntax:

   java PipelineSample pipedoc pipelog [ seq | para ]
   

   The pipedoc option specifies which pipeline document to use. The pipelog option specifies the name of the pipeline log file, which is optional unless you specify seq or para, in which case a file name is required. If you do not specify a log file, then the program generates pipeline.log by default. The seq option processes threads sequentially; para processes in parallel. If you specify neither seq or para, then the default is parallel processing.

4. View the files generated from the pipeline, which are all named with the initial string myresult, and the log files.

The command-line interface for the XML Pipeline processor is named orapipe. The Pipeline processor is packaged with Oracle Database. By default, the Oracle Universal Installer installs the utility on disk in $ORACLE_HOME/bin.

orapipe options pipedoc

To use the Oracle XML Pipeline processor, you must create an XML document according to the rules of the Pipeline Definition Language specified in the W3C Note. The W3C specification defines the XML processing components and the inputs and outputs for these processes.

The XML Pipeline processor includes support for these XDK components:

• XML parser

• XML compressor

• XML Schema validator

• XSLT processor

The PipelineSample.java source file shows a basic pipeline application.

1. Perform the initial setup. The program declares references of type FileReader (for the input XML file), PipelineDoc (for the input pipeline document), and PipelineProcessor (for the processor). The first argument is the pipeline document, which is required. If a second argument is received, then it is stored in the logname String. This code fragment shows this technique:

   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
     FileReader f;
     PipelineDoc pipe;
     PipelineProcessor proc;
    
     if (args.length < 1)
     {
       System.out.println("First argument needed, other arguments are ".
                          "optional:");
       System.out.println("pipedoc.xml <output_log> <'seq'>");
       return;
     }
     if (args.length > 1)
       logname = args[1];
     ...
   

2. Create a FileReader object by passing the first command-line argument to the constructor as the file name. For example:

   f = new FileReader(args[0]);
   

3. Create a PipelineDoc object by passing the reference to the FileReader object. This example casts the FileReader to a Reader and specifies no validation:

   pipe = new PipelineDoc((Reader)f, false);
   

4. Instantiate an XML Pipeline processor. This statement instantiates the pipeline processor:

   proc = new PipelineProcessor();
   

5. Set the processor to the pipeline document. For example:

   proc.setPipelineDoc(pipe);
   

6. Set the execution mode for the processor and perform any other configuration. This code fragment uses a condition to determine the execution mode. If three or more arguments are passed to the program, then it sets the mode to sequential or parallel depending on which argument is passed. For example:

   String execMode = null;
   if (args.length > 2)
   {
      execMode = args[2];
      if(execMode.startsWith("seq"))
         proc.setExecutionMode(PipelineConstants.PIPELINE_SEQUENTIAL);
      else if (execMode.startsWith("para"))
         proc.setExecutionMode(PipelineConstants.PIPELINE_PARALLEL);
   }
   

7. Instantiate an error handler. The error handler must implement the PipelineErrorHandler interface. The program uses the PipelineSampleErrHdler shown in PipelineSampleErrHdlr.java. This code fragment shows this technique:

   errHandler = new PipelineSampleErrHdlr(logname);
   

8. Set the error handler for the processor by invoking setErrorHandler(). This statement shows this technique:

   proc.setErrorHandler(errHandler);
   

9. Execute the pipeline. This statement shows this technique:

   proc.executePipeline();

   See Also:

   Oracle Database XML Java API Reference to learn about the oracle.xml.pipeline subpackages

An application invoking the XML Pipeline processor must implement the PipelineErrorHandler interface to handle errors received from the processor. Set the error handler in the processor by invoking setErrorHandler(). When writing the error handler, you can choose to throw an exception for different types of errors.

1. Implement a constructor. The constructor accepts the name of a log file and wraps it in a FileWriter object:

   PipelineSampleErrHdlr(String logFile) throws IOException
   {
     log = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(logFile));
   }
   

2. Implement the error() method. This implementation prints the process ID, exception type, and error message. It also increments a variable holding the error count. For example:

   public void error (String msg, PipelineException e) throws Exception
   {
     log.println("\nError in: " + e.getProcessId());
     log.println("Type: " + e.getExceptionType());
     log.println("Message: " +  e.getMessage());
     log.println("Error message: " + msg);
     log.flush();
     errCount++;
   }
   

3. Implement the fatalError() method. This implementation follows the pattern of error(). For example:

   public void fatalError (String msg, PipelineException e) throws Exception
   {
     log.println("\nFatalError in: " + e.getProcessId());
     log.println("Type: " + e.getExceptionType());
     log.println("Message: " +  e.getMessage());
     log.println("Error message: " + msg);
     log.flush();
     errCount++;
   }
   

4. Implement the warning() method. This implementation follows the basic pattern of error() except it increments the warnCount variable rather than the errCount variable. For example:

   public void warning (String msg, PipelineException e) throws Exception
   {
     log.println("\nWarning in: " + e.getProcessId());
     log.println("Message: " +  e.getMessage());
     log.println("Error message: " + msg);
     log.flush();
     warnCount++;
   }
   

5. Implement the info() method. Unlike the preceding methods, this method does not receive a PipelineException reference as input. This implementation prints the String received by the method and increments the value of the warnCount variable:

   public void info (String msg)
   {
     log.println("\nInfo : " + msg);
     log.flush();
     warnCount++;   
   }
   

6. Implement a method to close the PrintWriter. This code implements the method closeLog(), which prints the number of errors and warnings and invokes PrintWriter.close():

   public void closeLog()
   {
     log.println("\nTotal Errors: " + errCount + "\nTotal Warnings: " +
                  warnCount);
     log.flush();
     log.close();
   }

   See Also:

   Oracle Database XML Java API Reference to learn about the PipelineErrorHandler interface and the PipelineException class