This is an experimental technology
Because this technology's specification has not stabilized, check the compatibility table for usage in various browsers. Also note that the syntax and behavior of an experimental technology is subject to change in future versions of browsers as the specification changes.
The Web Speech API enables you to incorporate voice data into web apps. The Web Speech API has two parts: SpeechSynthesis (Text-to-Speech), and SpeechRecognition (Asynchronous Speech Recognition.)
Web Speech Concepts and Usage
The Web Speech API makes web apps able to handle voice data. There are two components to this API:
- Speech recogition is accessed via the
SpeechRecognition
interface, which provides the ability to recognize voice context from an audio input (normally via the device's default speech recognition service) and respond appropriately. Generally you'll use the interface's constructor to create a newSpeechRecognition
object, which has a number of event handlers available for detecting when speech is input through the device's microphone. TheSpeechGrammar
interface represents a container for a particular set of grammar that your app should recognise. Grammar is defined using JSpeech Grammar Format (JSGF.) - Speech synthesis is accessed via the
SpeechSynthesis
interface, a text-to-speech component that allows programs to read out their text content (normally via the device's default speech synthesiser.) Different voice types are represented bySpeechSynthesisVoice
objects, and different parts of text that you want to be spoken are represented bySpeechSynthesisUtterance
objects. You can get these spoken by passing them to theSpeechSynthesis.speak()
method.
For more details on using these features, see Using the Web Speech API.
Web Speech API Interfaces
Speech recognition
SpeechRecognition
- The controller interface for the recognition service; this also handles the
SpeechRecognitionEvent
sent from the recognition service. SpeechRecognitionAlternative
- Represents a single word that has been recognised by the speech recognition service.
SpeechRecognitionError
- Represents error messages from the recognition service.
SpeechRecognitionEvent
- The event object for the
result
andnomatch
events, and contains all the data associated with an interim or final speech recognition result. SpeechGrammar
- The words or patterns of words that we want the recognition service to recognize.
SpeechGrammarList
- Represents a list of
SpeechGrammar
objects. SpeechRecognitionResult
- Represents a single recognition match, which may contain multiple
SpeechRecognitionAlternative
objects. SpeechRecognitionResultList
- Represents a list of
SpeechRecognitionResult
objects, or a single one if results are being captured incontinuous
mode.
Speech synthesis
SpeechSynthesis
- The controller interface for the speech service; this can be used to retrieve information about the synthesis voices available on the device, start and pause speech, and other commands besides.
SpeechSynthesisErrorEvent
- Contains information about any errors that occur while processing
SpeechSynthesisUtterance
objects in the speech service. SpeechSynthesisEvent
- Contains information about the current state of
SpeechSynthesisUtterance
objects that have been processed in the speech service. SpeechSynthesisUtterance
- Represents a speech request. It contains the content the speech service should read and information about how to read it (e.g. language, pitch and volume.)
SpeechSynthesisVoice
- Represents a voice that the system supports. Every
SpeechSynthesisVoice
has its own relative speech service including information about language, name and URI. Window.speechSynthesis
- Specced out as part of a
[NoInterfaceObject]
interface calledSpeechSynthesisGetter
, and Implemented by theWindow
object, thespeechSynthesis
property provides access to theSpeechSynthesis
controller, and therefore the entry point to speech synthesis functionality.
Examples
The Web Speech API repo on GitHub contains demos to illustrate speech recognition and synthesis.
Specifications
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
Web Speech API | Draft | Initial definition |
Browser compatibility
Feature | Chrome | Edge | Firefox (Gecko) | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari (WebKit) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | 33[1] | (Yes) | 49 (49)[2] | No support | No support | No support |
Feature | Android | Chrome | Edge | Firefox Mobile (Gecko) | Firefox OS | IE Phone | Opera Mobile | Safari Mobile |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | ? | (Yes)[1] | (Yes) | ? | 2.5 | No support | No support | No support |
- [1] Speech recognition interfaces are currently prefixed in Chrome, so you'll need to prefix interface names appropriately, e.g.
webkitSpeechRecognition
; You'll also need to serve your code through a web server for recognition to work. Speech synthesis is fully supported without prefixes. - [2] Recognition can be enabled via the
media.webspeech.recognition.enable
flag inabout:config
; synthesis is switched on by default. Note that currently only the speech synthesis part is available in Firefox Desktop — the speech recognition part will be available soon, once the required internal permissions are sorted out.
Firefox OS permissions
To use speech recognition in an app, you need to specify the following permissions in your manifest:
"permissions": { "audio-capture" : { "description" : "Audio capture" }, "speech-recognition" : { "description" : "Speech recognition" } }
You also need a privileged app, so you need to include this as well:
"type": "privileged"
Speech synthesis needs no permissions to be set.
See also
- Using the Web Speech API
- SitePoint article
- HTML5Rocks article
- Demo [aurelio.audero.it]