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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | SHAPING ALGORITHM | CLASSIFICATION | LINK SHARING ALGORITHM | QDISC | CLASSES | NOTES | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | COLOPHON |
HTB(8) Linux HTB(8)
HTB - Hierarchy Token Bucket
tc qdisc ... dev dev ( parent classid | root) [ handle major: ] htb [
default minor-id ]
tc class ... dev dev parent major:[minor] [ classid major:minor ] htb
rate rate [ ceil rate ] burst bytes [ cburst bytes ] [ prio priority
]
HTB is meant as a more understandable and intuitive replacement for
the CBQ qdisc in Linux. Both CBQ and HTB help you to control the use
of the outbound bandwidth on a given link. Both allow you to use one
physical link to simulate several slower links and to send different
kinds of traffic on different simulated links. In both cases, you
have to specify how to divide the physical link into simulated links
and how to decide which simulated link to use for a given packet to
be sent.
Unlike CBQ, HTB shapes traffic based on the Token Bucket Filter
algorithm which does not depend on interface characteristics and so
does not need to know the underlying bandwidth of the outgoing
interface.
Shaping works as documented in tc-tbf(8).
Within the one HTB instance many classes may exist. Each of these
classes contains another qdisc, by default tc-pfifo(8).
When enqueueing a packet, HTB starts at the root and uses various
methods to determine which class should receive the data.
In the absence of uncommon configuration options, the process is
rather easy. At each node we look for an instruction, and then go to
the class the instruction refers us to. If the class found is a
barren leaf-node (without children), we enqueue the packet there. If
it is not yet a leaf node, we do the whole thing over again starting
from that node.
The following actions are performed, in order at each node we visit,
until one sends us to another node, or terminates the process.
(i) Consult filters attached to the class. If sent to a leafnode,
we are done. Otherwise, restart.
(ii) If none of the above returned with an instruction, enqueue at
this node.
This algorithm makes sure that a packet always ends up somewhere,
even while you are busy building your configuration.
FIXME
The root of a HTB qdisc class tree has the following parameters:
parent major:minor | root
This mandatory parameter determines the place of the HTB
instance, either at the root of an interface or within an
existing class.
handle major:
Like all other qdiscs, the HTB can be assigned a handle.
Should consist only of a major number, followed by a colon.
Optional, but very useful if classes will be generated within
this qdisc.
default minor-id
Unclassified traffic gets sent to the class with this minor-
id.
Classes have a host of parameters to configure their operation.
parent major:minor
Place of this class within the hierarchy. If attached directly
to a qdisc and not to another class, minor can be omitted.
Mandatory.
classid major:minor
Like qdiscs, classes can be named. The major number must be
equal to the major number of the qdisc to which it belongs.
Optional, but needed if this class is going to have children.
prio priority
In the round-robin process, classes with the lowest priority
field are tried for packets first. Mandatory.
rate rate
Maximum rate this class and all its children are guaranteed.
Mandatory.
ceil rate
Maximum rate at which a class can send, if its parent has
bandwidth to spare. Defaults to the configured rate, which
implies no borrowing
burst bytes
Amount of bytes that can be burst at ceil speed, in excess of
the configured rate. Should be at least as high as the
highest burst of all children.
cburst bytes
Amount of bytes that can be burst at 'infinite' speed, in
other words, as fast as the interface can transmit them. For
perfect evening out, should be equal to at most one average
packet. Should be at least as high as the highest cburst of
all children.
Due to Unix timing constraints, the maximum ceil rate is not infinite
and may in fact be quite low. On Intel, there are 100 timer events
per second, the maximum rate is that rate at which 'burst' bytes are
sent each timer tick. From this, the minimum burst size for a
specified rate can be calculated. For i386, a 10mbit rate requires a
12 kilobyte burst as 100*12kb*8 equals 10mbit.
tc(8)
HTB website: http://luxik.cdi.cz/~devik/qos/htb/
Martin Devera <devik@cdi.cz>. This manpage maintained by bert hubert
<ahu@ds9a.nl>
This page is part of the iproute2 (utilities for controlling TCP/IP
networking and traffic) project. Information about the project can
be found at
⟨http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/iproute2⟩.
If you have a bug report for this manual page, send it to
netdev@vger.kernel.org, shemminger@osdl.org. This page was obtained
from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git⟩
on 2017-07-05. If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML
version of the page, or you believe there is a better or more up-to-
date source for the page, or you have corrections or improvements to
the information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original
manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
iproute2 10 January 2002 HTB(8)
Pages that refer to this page: tc(8), tc-drr(8), tc-pedit(8)