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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | ALGORITHM | LIMITATIONS | PARAMETERS | STATISTICS | NOTES | EXAMPLE & USAGE | SEE ALSO | SOURCES | AUTHORS | COLOPHON |
SFB(8) Linux SFB(8)
sfb - Stochastic Fair Blue
tc qdisc ... blue rehash milliseconds db milliseconds limit packets
max packets target packets increment float decrement float
penalty_rate packets per second penalty_burst packets
Stochastic Fair Blue is a classless qdisc to manage congestion based
on packet loss and link utilization history while trying to prevent
non-responsive flows (i.e. flows that do not react to congestion
marking or dropped packets) from impacting performance of responsive
flows. Unlike RED, where the marking probability has to be
configured, BLUE tries to determine the ideal marking probability
automatically.
The BLUE algorithm maintains a probability which is used to mark or
drop packets that are to be queued. If the queue overflows, the
mark/drop probability is increased. If the queue becomes empty, the
probability is decreased. The Stochastic Fair Blue (SFB) algorithm is
designed to protect TCP flows against non-responsive flows.
This SFB implementation maintains 8 levels of 16 bins each for
accounting. Each flow is mapped into a bin of each level using a
per-level hash value.
Every bin maintains a marking probability, which gets increased or
decreased based on bin occupancy. If the number of packets exceeds
the size of that bin, the marking probability is increased. If the
number drops to zero, it is decreased.
The marking probability is based on the minimum value of all bins a
flow is mapped into, thus, when a flow does not respond to marking or
gradual packet drops, the marking probability quickly reaches one.
In this case, the flow is rate-limited to penalty_rate packets per
second.
Due to SFBs nature, it is possible for responsive flows to share all
of its bins with a non-responsive flow, causing the responsive flow
to be misidentified as being non-responsive.
The probability of a responsive flow to be misidentified is dependent
on the number of non-responsive flows, M. It is (1 - (1 - (1 / 16.0))
** M) **8, so for example with 10 non-responsive flows approximately
0.2% of responsive flows will be misidentified.
To mitigate this, SFB performs performs periodic re-hashing to avoid
misclassification for prolonged periods of time.
The default hashing method will use source and destination ip
addresses and port numbers if possible, and also supports tunneling
protocols. Alternatively, an external classifier can be configured,
too.
rehash Time interval in milliseconds when queue perturbation occurs
to avoid erroneously detecting unrelated, responsive flows as
being part of a non-responsive flow for prolonged periods of
time. Defaults to 10 minutes.
db Double buffering warmup wait time, in milliseconds. To avoid
destroying the probability history when rehashing is
performed, this implementation maintains a second set of
levels/bins as described in section 4.4 of the SFB reference.
While one set is used to manage the queue, a second set is
warmed up: Whenever a flow is then determined to be non-
responsive, the marking probabilities in the second set are
updated. When the rehashing happens, these bins will be used
to manage the queue and all non-responsive flows can be rate-
limited immediately. This value determines how much time has
to pass before the 2nd set will start to be warmed up.
Defaults to one minute, should be lower than rehash.
limit Hard limit on the real (not average) total queue size in
packets. Further packets are dropped. Defaults to the
transmit queue length of the device the qdisc is attached to.
max Maximum length of a buckets queue, in packets, before packets
start being dropped. Should be sightly larger than target ,
but should not be set to values exceeding 1.5 times that of
target . Defaults to 25.
target The desired average bin length. If the bin queue length
reaches this value, the marking probability is increased by
increment. The default value depends on the max setting, with
max set to 25 target will default to 20.
increment
A value used to increase the marking probability when the
queue appears to be over-used. Must be between 0 and 1.0.
Defaults to 0.00050.
decrement
Value used to decrease the marking probability when the queue
is found to be empty. Must be between 0 and 1.0. Defaults to
0.00005.
penalty_rate
The maximum number of packets belonging to flows identified as
being non-responsive that can be enqueued per second. Once
this number has been reached, further packets of such non-
responsive flows are dropped. Set this to a reasonable
fraction of your uplink throughput; the default value of 10
packets is probably too small.
penalty_burst
The number of packets a flow is permitted to exceed the
penalty rate before packets start being dropped. Defaults to
20 packets.
This qdisc exposes additional statistics via 'tc -s qdisc' output.
These are:
earlydrop
The number of packets dropped before a per-flow queue was
full.
ratedrop
The number of packets dropped because of rate-limiting. If
this value is high, there are many non-reactive flows being
sent through sfb. In such cases, it might be better to embed
sfb within a classful qdisc to better control such flows using
a different, shaping qdisc.
bucketdrop
The number of packets dropped because a per-flow queue was
full. High bucketdrop may point to a high number of
aggressive, short-lived flows.
queuedrop
The number of packets dropped due to reaching limit. This
should normally be 0.
marked The number of packets marked with ECN.
maxqlen
The length of the current longest per-flow (virtual) queue.
maxprob
The maximum per-flow drop probability. 1 means that some flows
have been detected as non-reactive.
SFB automatically enables use of Explicit Congestion Notification
(ECN). Also, this SFB implementation does not queue packets itself.
Rather, packets are enqueued to the inner qdisc (defaults to pfifo).
Because sfb maintains virtual queue states, the inner qdisc must not
drop a packet previously queued. Furthermore, if a buckets queue has
a very high marking rate, this implementation will start dropping
packets instead of marking them, as such a situation points to either
bad congestion, or an unresponsive flow.
To attach to interface $DEV, using default options:
# tc qdisc add dev $DEV handle 1: root sfb
Only use destination ip addresses for assigning packets to bins,
perturbing hash results every 10 minutes:
# tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: handle 1 flow hash keys dst
perturb 600
tc(8), tc-red(8), tc-sfq(8)
o W. Feng, D. Kandlur, D. Saha, K. Shin, BLUE: A New Class of
Active Queue Management Algorithms, U. Michigan CSE-TR-387-99,
April 1999.
This SFB implementation was contributed by Juliusz Chroboczek and
Eric Dumazet.
This page is part of the iproute2 (utilities for controlling TCP/IP
networking and traffic) project. Information about the project can
be found at
⟨http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/iproute2⟩.
If you have a bug report for this manual page, send it to
netdev@vger.kernel.org, shemminger@osdl.org. This page was obtained
from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git⟩
on 2017-07-05. If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML
version of the page, or you believe there is a better or more up-to-
date source for the page, or you have corrections or improvements to
the information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original
manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
iproute2 August 2011 SFB(8)
Pages that refer to this page: tc(8)