|
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | USAGE | TROUBLESHOOTING | OPTIONS | ENVIRONMENT | FILES | AVAILABILITY | AUTHORS | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
DRACUT(8) dracut DRACUT(8)
dracut - low-level tool for generating an initramfs/initrd image
dracut [OPTION...] [<image> [<kernel version>]]
Create an initramfs <image> for the kernel with the version <kernel
version>. If <kernel version> is omitted, then the version of the
actual running kernel is used. If <image> is omitted or empty, then
the default location /boot/initramfs-<kernel version>.img is used.
dracut creates an initial image used by the kernel for preloading the
block device modules (such as IDE, SCSI or RAID) which are needed to
access the root filesystem, mounting the root filesystem and booting
into the real system.
At boot time, the kernel unpacks that archive into RAM disk, mounts
and uses it as initial root file system. All finding of the root
device happens in this early userspace.
Initramfs images are also called "initrd".
For a complete list of kernel command line options see
dracut.cmdline(7).
If you are dropped to an emergency shell, while booting your
initramfs, the file /run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt is created, which
can be saved to a (to be mounted by hand) partition (usually /boot)
or a USB stick. Additional debugging info can be produced by adding
rd.debug to the kernel command line. /run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt
contains all logs and the output of some tools. It should be attached
to any report about dracut problems.
To create a initramfs image, the most simple command is:
# dracut
This will generate a general purpose initramfs image, with all
possible functionality resulting of the combination of the installed
dracut modules and system tools. The image is /boot/initramfs-<kernel
version>.img and contains the kernel modules of the currently active
kernel with version <kernel version>.
If the initramfs image already exists, dracut will display an error
message, and to overwrite the existing image, you have to use the
--force option.
# dracut --force
If you want to specify another filename for the resulting image you
would issue a command like:
# dracut foobar.img
To generate an image for a specific kernel version, the command would
be:
# dracut foobar.img 2.6.40-1.rc5.f20
A shortcut to generate the image at the default location for a
specific kernel version is:
# dracut --kver 2.6.40-1.rc5.f20
If you want to create lighter, smaller initramfs images, you may want
to specify the --hostonly or -H option. Using this option, the
resulting image will contain only those dracut modules, kernel
modules and filesystems, which are needed to boot this specific
machine. This has the drawback, that you can’t put the disk on
another controller or machine, and that you can’t switch to another
root filesystem, without recreating the initramfs image. The usage of
the --hostonly option is only for experts and you will have to keep
the broken pieces. At least keep a copy of a general purpose image
(and corresponding kernel) as a fallback to rescue your system.
Inspecting the Contents
To see the contents of the image created by dracut, you can use the
lsinitrd tool.
# lsinitrd | less
To display the contents of a file in the initramfs also use the
lsinitrd tool:
# lsinitrd -f /etc/ld.so.conf
include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
Adding dracut Modules
Some dracut modules are turned off by default and have to be
activated manually. You can do this by adding the dracut modules to
the configuration file /etc/dracut.conf or
/etc/dracut.conf.d/myconf.conf. See dracut.conf(5). You can also add
dracut modules on the command line by using the -a or --add option:
# dracut --add bootchart initramfs-bootchart.img
To see a list of available dracut modules, use the --list-modules
option:
# dracut --list-modules
Omitting dracut Modules
Sometimes you don’t want a dracut module to be included for reasons
of speed, size or functionality. To do this, either specify the
omit_dracutmodules variable in the dracut.conf or
/etc/dracut.conf.d/myconf.conf configuration file (see
dracut.conf(5)), or use the -o or --omit option on the command line:
# dracut -o "multipath lvm" no-multipath-lvm.img
Adding Kernel Modules
If you need a special kernel module in the initramfs, which is not
automatically picked up by dracut, you have the use the --add-drivers
option on the command line or the drivers vaiable in the
/etc/dracut.conf or /etc/dracut.conf.d/myconf.conf configuration file
(see dracut.conf(5)):
# dracut --add-drivers mymod initramfs-with-mymod.img
Boot parameters
An initramfs generated without the "hostonly" mode, does not contain
any system configuration files (except for some special exceptions),
so the configuration has to be done on the kernel command line. With
this flexibility, you can easily boot from a changed root partition,
without the need to recompile the initramfs image. So, you could
completly change your root partition (move it inside a md raid with
encryption and LVM on top), as long as you specify the correct
filesystem LABEL or UUID on the kernel command line for your root
device, dracut will find it and boot from it.
The kernel command line can also be provided by the dhcp server with
the root-path option. See the section called “Network Boot”.
For a full reference of all kernel command line parameters, see
dracut.cmdline(5).
To get a quick start for the suitable kernel command line on your
system, use the --print-cmdline option:
# dracut --print-cmdline
root=UUID=8b8b6f91-95c7-4da2-831b-171e12179081 rootflags=rw,relatime,discard,data=ordered rootfstype=ext4
Specifying the root Device
This is the only option dracut really needs to boot from your
root partition. Because your root partition can live in various
environments, there are a lot of formats for the root= option.
The most basic one is root=<path to device node>:
root=/dev/sda2
Because device node names can change, dependent on the drive
ordering, you are encouraged to use the filesystem identifier
(UUID) or filesystem label (LABEL) to specify your root
partition:
root=UUID=19e9dda3-5a38-484d-a9b0-fa6b067d0331
or
root=LABEL=myrootpartitionlabel
To see all UUIDs or LABELs on your system, do:
# ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid
or
# ls -l /dev/disk/by-label
If your root partition is on the network see the section called
“Network Boot”.
Keyboard Settings
If you have to input passwords for encrypted disk volumes, you
might want to set the keyboard layout and specify a display font.
A typical german kernel command would contain:
rd.vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rd.vconsole.keymap=de-latin1-nodeadkeys rd.locale.LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
Setting these options can override the setting stored on your
system, if you use a modern init system, like systemd.
Blacklisting Kernel Modules
Sometimes it is required to prevent the automatic kernel module
loading of a specific kernel module. To do this, just add
rd.blacklist=<kernel module name>, with <kernel module name> not
containing the .ko suffix, to the kernel command line. For
example:
rd.driver.blacklist=mptsas rd.driver.blacklist=nouveau
The option can be specified multiple times on the kernel command
line.
Speeding up the Boot Process
If you want to speed up the boot process, you can specify as much
information for dracut on the kernel command as possible. For
example, you can tell dracut, that you root partition is not on a
LVM volume or not on a raid partition, or that it lives inside a
specific crypto LUKS encrypted volume. By default, dracut
searches everywhere. A typical dracut kernel command line for a
plain primary or logical partition would contain:
rd.luks=0 rd.lvm=0 rd.md=0 rd.dm=0
This turns off every automatic assembly of LVM, MD raids, DM
raids and crypto LUKS.
Of course, you could also omit the dracut modules in the
initramfs creation process, but then you would lose the
posibility to turn it on on demand.
Injecting custom Files
To add your own files to the initramfs image, you have several
possibilities.
The --include option let you specify a source path and a target path.
For example
# dracut --include cmdline-preset /etc/cmdline.d/mycmdline.conf initramfs-cmdline-pre.img
will create an initramfs image, where the file cmdline-preset will be
copied inside the initramfs to /etc/cmdline.d/mycmdline.conf.
--include can only be specified once.
# mkdir -p rd.live.overlay/etc/cmdline.d
# mkdir -p rd.live.overlay/etc/conf.d
# echo "ip=dhcp" >> rd.live.overlay/etc/cmdline.d/mycmdline.conf
# echo export FOO=testtest >> rd.live.overlay/etc/conf.d/testvar.conf
# echo export BAR=testtest >> rd.live.overlay/etc/conf.d/testvar.conf
# tree rd.live.overlay/
rd.live.overlay/
`-- etc
|-- cmdline.d
| `-- mycmdline.conf
`-- conf.d
`-- testvar.conf
# dracut --include rd.live.overlay / initramfs-rd.live.overlay.img
This will put the contents of the rd.live.overlay directory into the
root of the initramfs image.
The --install option let you specify several files, which will get
installed in the initramfs image at the same location, as they are
present on initramfs creation time.
# dracut --install 'strace fsck.ext3 ssh' initramfs-dbg.img
This will create an initramfs with the strace, fsck.ext3 and ssh
executables, together with the libraries needed to start those. The
--install option can be specified multiple times.
Network Boot
If your root partition is on a network drive, you have to have the
network dracut modules installed to create a network aware initramfs
image.
If you specify ip=dhcp on the kernel command line, then dracut asks a
dhcp server about the ip adress for the machine. The dhcp server can
also serve an additional root-path, which will set the root device
for dracut. With this mechanism, you have static configuration on
your client machine and a centralized boot configuration on your
TFTP/DHCP server. If you can’t pass a kernel command line, then you
can inject /etc/cmdline.d/mycmdline.conf, with a method described in
the section called “Injecting custom Files”.
Reducing the Image Size
To reduce the size of the initramfs, you should create it with by
ommitting all dracut modules, which you know, you don’t need to
boot the machine.
You can also specify the exact dracut and kernel modules to
produce a very tiny initramfs image.
For example for a NFS image, you would do:
# dracut -m "nfs network base" initramfs-nfs-only.img
Then you would boot from this image with your target machine and
reduce the size once more by creating it on the target machine
with the --host-only option:
# dracut -m "nfs network base" --host-only initramfs-nfs-host-only.img
This will reduce the size of the initramfs image significantly.
If the boot process does not succeed, you have several options to
debug the situation. Some of the basic operations are covered here.
For more information you should also visit:
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/dracut/dracut.html
Identifying your problem area
1. Remove 'rhgb' and 'quiet' from the kernel command line
2. Add 'rd.shell' to the kernel command line. This will present a
shell should dracut be unable to locate your root device
3. Add 'rd.shell rd.debug log_buf_len=1M' to the kernel command line
so that dracut shell commands are printed as they are executed
4. The file /run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt is generated, which
contains all the logs and the output of all significant tools,
which are mentioned later.
If you want to save that output, simply mount /boot by hand or insert
an USB stick and mount that. Then you can store the output for later
inspection.
Information to include in your report
All bug reports
In all cases, the following should be mentioned and attached to
your bug report:
· The exact kernel command-line used. Typically from the
bootloader configuration file (e.g. /boot/grub2/grub.cfg) or
from /proc/cmdline.
· A copy of your disk partition information from /etc/fstab,
which might be obtained booting an old working initramfs or a
rescue medium.
· Turn on dracut debugging (see the debugging dracut section),
and attach the file /run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt.
· If you use a dracut configuration file, please include
/etc/dracut.conf and all files in /etc/dracut.conf.d/*.conf
Network root device related problems
This section details information to include when experiencing
problems on a system whose root device is located on a network
attached volume (e.g. iSCSI, NFS or NBD). As well as the
information from the section called “All bug reports”, include
the following information:
· Please include the output of
# /sbin/ifup <interfacename>
# ip addr show
Debugging dracut
Configure a serial console
Successfully debugging dracut will require some form of console
logging during the system boot. This section documents
configuring a serial console connection to record boot messages.
1. First, enable serial console output for both the kernel and
the bootloader.
2. Open the file /boot/grub2/grub.cfg for editing. Below the
line 'timeout=5', add the following:
serial --unit=0 --speed=9600
terminal --timeout=5 serial console
3. Also in /boot/grub2/grub.cfg, add the following boot
arguemnts to the 'kernel' line:
console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600
4. When finished, the /boot/grub2/grub.cfg file should look
similar to the example below.
default=0
timeout=5
serial --unit=0 --speed=9600
terminal --timeout=5 serial console
title Fedora (2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_uc1-lv_root console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600
initrd /dracut-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64.img
5. More detailed information on how to configure the kernel for
console output can be found at
http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.html#CONFIGURE-KERNEL .
6. Redirecting non-interactive output
Note
You can redirect all non-interactive output to /dev/kmsg
and the kernel will put it out on the console when it
reaches the kernel buffer by doing
# exec >/dev/kmsg 2>&1 </dev/console
Using the dracut shell
dracut offers a shell for interactive debugging in the event
dracut fails to locate your root filesystem. To enable the shell:
1. Add the boot parameter 'rd.shell' to your bootloader
configuration file (e.g. /boot/grub2/grub.cfg)
2. Remove the boot arguments 'rhgb' and 'quiet'
A sample /boot/grub2/grub.cfg bootloader configuration file
is listed below.
default=0
timeout=5
serial --unit=0 --speed=9600
terminal --timeout=5 serial console
title Fedora (2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_uc1-lv_root console=tty0 rd.shell
initrd /dracut-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64.img
3. If system boot fails, you will be dropped into a shell as
seen in the example below.
No root device found
Dropping to debug shell.
#
4. Use this shell prompt to gather the information requested
above (see the section called “All bug reports”).
Accessing the root volume from the dracut shell
From the dracut debug shell, you can manually perform the task of
locating and preparing your root volume for boot. The required
steps will depend on how your root volume is configured. Common
scenarios include:
· A block device (e.g. /dev/sda7)
· A LVM logical volume (e.g. /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00)
· An encrypted device (e.g.
/dev/mapper/luks-4d5972ea-901c-4584-bd75-1da802417d83)
· A network attached device (e.g.
netroot=iscsi:@192.168.0.4::3260::iqn.2009-02.org.example:for.all)
The exact method for locating and preparing will vary. However,
to continue with a successful boot, the objective is to locate
your root volume and create a symlink /dev/root which points to
the file system. For example, the following example demonstrates
accessing and booting a root volume that is an encrypted LVM
Logical volume.
1. Inspect your partitions using parted
# parted /dev/sda -s p
Model: ATA HTS541060G9AT00 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 60.0GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 10.8GB 107MB primary ext4 boot
2 10.8GB 55.6GB 44.7GB logical lvm
2. You recall that your root volume was a LVM logical volume.
Scan and activate any logical volumes.
# lvm vgscan
# lvm vgchange -ay
3. You should see any logical volumes now using the command
blkid:
# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="3de247f3-5de4-4a44-afc5-1fe179750cf7" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="Ek4dQw-cOtq-5MJu-OGRF-xz5k-O2l8-wdDj0I" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/linux-root: UUID="def0269e-424b-4752-acf3-1077bf96ad2c" TYPE="crypto_LUKS"
/dev/mapper/linux-home: UUID="c69127c1-f153-4ea2-b58e-4cbfa9257c5e" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/mapper/linux-swap: UUID="47b4d329-975c-4c08-b218-f9c9bf3635f1" TYPE="swap"
4. From the output above, you recall that your root volume
exists on an encrypted block device. Following the guidance
disk encryption guidance from the Installation Guide, you
unlock your encrypted root volume.
# UUID=$(cryptsetup luksUUID /dev/mapper/linux-root)
# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/mapper/linux-root luks-$UUID
Enter passphrase for /dev/mapper/linux-root:
Key slot 0 unlocked.
5. Next, make a symbolic link to the unlocked root volume
# ln -s /dev/mapper/luks-$UUID /dev/root
6. With the root volume available, you may continue booting the
system by exiting the dracut shell
# exit
Additional dracut boot parameters
For more debugging options, see dracut.cmdline(7).
Debugging dracut on shutdown
To debug the shutdown sequence on systemd systems, you can
rd.break on pre-shutdown or shutdown.
To do this from an already booted system:
# mkdir -p /run/initramfs/etc/cmdline.d
# echo "rd.debug rd.break=pre-shutdown rd.break=shutdown" > /run/initramfs/etc/cmdline.d/debug.conf
# touch /run/initramfs/.need_shutdown
This will give you a dracut shell after the system pivot’ed back
in the initramfs.
--kver <kernel version>
set the kernel version. This enables to specify the kernel
version, without specifying the location of the initramfs image.
For example:
# dracut --kver 3.5.0-0.rc7.git1.2.fc18.x86_64
-f, --force
overwrite existing initramfs file.
-a, --add <list of dracut modules>
add a space-separated list of dracut modules to the default set
of modules. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
Note
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these
in quotes. For example:
# dracut --add "module1 module2" ...
--force-add <list of dracut modules>
force to add a space-separated list of dracut modules to the
default set of modules, when -H is specified. This parameter can
be specified multiple times.
Note
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these
in quotes. For example:
# dracut --force-add "module1 module2" ...
-o, --omit <list of dracut modules>
omit a space-separated list of dracut modules. This parameter can
be specified multiple times.
Note
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these
in quotes. For example:
# dracut --omit "module1 module2" ...
-m, --modules <list of dracut modules>
specify a space-separated list of dracut modules to call when
building the initramfs. Modules are located in
/usr/lib/dracut/modules.d. This parameter can be specified
multiple times. This option forces dracut to only include the
specified dracut modules. In most cases the "--add" option is
what you want to use.
Note
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these
in quotes. For example:
# dracut --modules "module1 module2" ...
-d, --drivers <list of kernel modules>
specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to exclusively
include in the initramfs. The kernel modules have to be specified
without the ".ko" suffix. This parameter can be specified
multiple times.
Note
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these
in quotes. For example:
# dracut --drivers "kmodule1 kmodule2" ...
--add-drivers <list of kernel modules>
specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to add to the
initramfs. The kernel modules have to be specified without the
".ko" suffix. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
Note
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these
in quotes. For example:
# dracut --add-drivers "kmodule1 kmodule2" ...
--force-drivers <list of kernel modules>
See add-drivers above. But in this case it is ensured that the
drivers are tried to be loaded early via modprobe.
Note
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these
in quotes. For example:
# dracut --force-drivers "kmodule1 kmodule2" ...
--omit-drivers <list of kernel modules>
specify a space-separated list of kernel modules not to add to
the initramfs. The kernel modules have to be specified without
the ".ko" suffix. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
Note
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these
in quotes. For example:
# dracut --omit-drivers "kmodule1 kmodule2" ...
--filesystems <list of filesystems>
specify a space-separated list of kernel filesystem modules to
exclusively include in the generic initramfs. This parameter can
be specified multiple times.
Note
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these
in quotes. For example:
# dracut --filesystems "filesystem1 filesystem2" ...
-k, --kmoddir <kernel directory>
specify the directory, where to look for kernel modules
--fwdir <dir>[:<dir>...]++
specify additional directories, where to look for firmwares. This
parameter can be specified multiple times.
--kernel-cmdline <parameters>
specify default kernel command line parameters
--kernel-only
only install kernel drivers and firmware files
--no-kernel
do not install kernel drivers and firmware files
--early-microcode
Combine early microcode with ramdisk
--no-early-microcode
Do not combine early microcode with ramdisk
--print-cmdline
print the kernel command line for the current disk layout
--mdadmconf
include local /etc/mdadm.conf
--nomdadmconf
do not include local /etc/mdadm.conf
--lvmconf
include local /etc/lvm/lvm.conf
--nolvmconf
do not include local /etc/lvm/lvm.conf
--fscks [LIST]
add a space-separated list of fsck tools, in addition to
dracut.conf's specification; the installation is opportunistic
(non-existing tools are ignored)
Note
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these
in quotes. For example:
# dracut --fscks "fsck.foo barfsck" ...
--nofscks
inhibit installation of any fsck tools
--strip
strip binaries in the initramfs (default)
--nostrip
do not strip binaries in the initramfs
--prelink
prelink binaries in the initramfs (default)
--noprelink
do not prelink binaries in the initramfs
--hardlink
hardlink files in the initramfs (default)
--nohardlink
do not hardlink files in the initramfs
--prefix <dir>
prefix initramfs files with the specified directory
--noprefix
do not prefix initramfs files (default)
-h, --help
display help text and exit.
--debug
output debug information of the build process
-v, --verbose
increase verbosity level (default is info(4))
-q, --quiet
decrease verbosity level (default is info(4))
-c, --conf <dracut configuration file>
specify configuration file to use.
Default: /etc/dracut.conf
--confdir <configuration directory>
specify configuration directory to use.
Default: /etc/dracut.conf.d
--tmpdir <temporary directory>
specify temporary directory to use.
Default: /var/tmp
--sshkey <sshkey file>
ssh key file used with ssh-client module.
--logfile <logfile>
logfile to use; overrides any setting from the configuration
files.
Default: /var/log/dracut.log
-l, --local
activates the local mode. dracut will use modules from the
current working directory instead of the system-wide installed
modules in /usr/lib/dracut/modules.d. This is useful when running
dracut from a git checkout.
-H, --hostonly
Host-Only mode: Install only what is needed for booting the local
host instead of a generic host and generate host-specific
configuration.
Warning
If chrooted to another root other than the real root device,
use "--fstab" and provide a valid /etc/fstab.
-N, --no-hostonly
Disable Host-Only mode
--hostonly-cmdline: Store kernel command line arguments needed in the
initramfs
--no-hostonly-cmdline: Do not store kernel command line arguments
needed in the initramfs
--hostonly-i18n: Install only needed keyboard and font files
according to the host configuration (default).
--no-hostonly-i18n: Install all keyboard and font files available.
--persistent-policy <policy>
Use <policy> to address disks and partitions. <policy> can be
any directory name found in /dev/disk. E.g. "by-uuid", "by-label"
--fstab
Use /etc/fstab instead of /proc/self/mountinfo.
--add-fstab <filename>
Add entries of <filename> to the initramfs /etc/fstab.
--mount "<device> <mountpoint> <filesystem type> [<filesystem
options> [<dump frequency> [<fsck order>]]]"
Mount <device> on <mountpoint> with <filesystem type> in the
initramfs. <filesystem options>, <dump options> and <fsck order>
can be specified, see fstab manpage for the details. The default
<filesystem options> is "defaults". The default <dump frequency>
is "0". the default <fsck order> is "2".
--mount "<mountpoint>"
Like above, but <device>, <filesystem type> and <filesystem
options> are determined by looking at the current mounts.
--add-device <device>
Bring up <device> in initramfs, <device> should be the device
name. This can be useful in hostonly mode for resume support when
your swap is on LVM or an encrypted partition. [NB --device can
be used for compatibility with earlier releases]
-i, --include <SOURCE> <TARGET>
include the files in the SOURCE directory into the TARGET
directory in the final initramfs. If SOURCE is a file, it will be
installed to TARGET in the final initramfs. This parameter can be
specified multiple times.
-I, --install <file list>
install the space separated list of files into the initramfs.
Note
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these
in quotes. For example:
# dracut --install "/bin/foo /sbin/bar" ...
--install-optional <file list>
install the space separated list of files into the initramfs, if
they exist.
--gzip
Compress the generated initramfs using gzip. This will be done by
default, unless another compression option or --no-compress is
passed. Equivalent to "--compress=gzip -9"
--bzip2
Compress the generated initramfs using bzip2.
Warning
Make sure your kernel has bzip2 decompression support
compiled in, otherwise you will not be able to boot.
Equivalent to "--compress=bzip2"
--lzma
Compress the generated initramfs using lzma.
Warning
Make sure your kernel has lzma decompression support compiled
in, otherwise you will not be able to boot. Equivalent to
"lzma --compress=lzma -9"
--xz
Compress the generated initramfs using xz.
Warning
Make sure your kernel has xz decompression support compiled
in, otherwise you will not be able to boot. Equivalent to
"lzma --compress=xz --check=crc32 --lzma2=dict=1MiB"
--lzo
Compress the generated initramfs using lzop.
Warning
Make sure your kernel has lzo decompression support compiled in,
otherwise you will not be able to boot.
--lz4
Compress the generated initramfs using lz4.
Warning
Make sure your kernel has lz4 decompression support compiled in,
otherwise you will not be able to boot.
--compress <compressor>
Compress the generated initramfs using the passed compression
program. If you pass it just the name of a compression program,
it will call that program with known-working arguments. If you
pass a quoted string with arguments, it will be called with
exactly those arguments. Depending on what you pass, this may
result in an initramfs that the kernel cannot decompress. The
default value can also be set via the INITRD_COMPRESS environment
variable.
--no-compress
Do not compress the generated initramfs. This will override any
other compression options.
--reproducible
Create reproducible images.
--no-reproducible
Do not create reproducible images.
--list-modules
List all available dracut modules.
-M, --show-modules
Print included module’s name to standard output during build.
--keep
Keep the initramfs temporary directory for debugging purposes.
--printsize
Print out the module install size
--profile: Output profile information of the build process
--ro-mnt: Mount / and /usr read-only by default.
-L, --stdlog <level>
[0-6] Specify logging level (to standard error)
0 - suppress any messages
1 - only fatal errors
2 - all errors
3 - warnings
4 - info
5 - debug info (here starts lots of output)
6 - trace info (and even more)
--regenerate-all
Regenerate all initramfs images at the default location with the
kernel versions found on the system. Additional parameters are
passed through.
--loginstall <DIR>
Log all files installed from the host to <DIR>.
--uefi
Instead of creating an initramfs image, dracut will create an
UEFI executable, which can be executed by an UEFI BIOS. The
default output filename is
<EFI>/EFI/Linux/linux-$kernel$-<MACHINE_ID>-<BUILD_ID>.efi. <EFI>
might be /efi, /boot or /boot/efi depending on where the ESP
partition is mounted. The <BUILD_ID> is taken from BUILD_ID in
/usr/lib/os-release or if it exists /etc/os-release and is left
out, if BUILD_ID is non-existant or empty.
--no-machineid
affects the default output filename of --uefi and will discard
the <MACHINE_ID> part.
--uefi-stub <FILE>
Specifies the UEFI stub loader, which will load the attached
kernel, initramfs and kernel command line and boots the kernel.
The default is
$prefix/lib/systemd/boot/efi/linux<EFI-MACHINE-TYPE-NAME>.efi.stub
or $prefix/lib/gummiboot/linux<EFI-MACHINE-TYPE-NAME>.efi.stub
--kernel-image <FILE>
Specifies the kernel image, which to include in the UEFI
executable. The default is /lib/modules/<KERNEL-VERSION>/vmlinuz
or /boot/vmlinuz-<KERNEL-VERSION>
INITRD_COMPRESS
sets the default compression program. See --compress.
/var/log/dracut.log
logfile of initramfs image creation
/tmp/dracut.log
logfile of initramfs image creation, if /var/log/dracut.log is
not writable
/etc/dracut.conf
see dracut.conf5
/etc/dracut.conf.d/*.conf
see dracut.conf5
/usr/lib/dracut/dracut.conf.d/*.conf
see dracut.conf5
Configuration in the initramfs
/etc/conf.d/
Any files found in /etc/conf.d/ will be sourced in the initramfs
to set initial values. Command line options will override these
values set in the configuration files.
/etc/cmdline
Can contain additional command line options. Deprecated, better
use /etc/cmdline.d/*.conf.
/etc/cmdline.d/*.conf
Can contain additional command line options.
The dracut command is part of the dracut package and is available
from https://dracut.wiki.kernel.org
Harald Hoyer
Victor Lowther
Philippe Seewer
Warren Togami
Amadeusz Żołnowski
Jeremy Katz
David Dillow
Will Woods
dracut.cmdline(7) dracut.conf(5) lsinitrd(1)
This page is part of the dracut (event driven initramfs
infrastructure) project. Information about the project can be found
at ⟨https://dracut.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page⟩. If you have
a bug report for this manual page, send it to
initramfs@vger.kernel.org. This page was obtained from the project's
upstream Git repository
⟨git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/boot/dracut/dracut.git⟩ on 2017-07-05.
If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML version of the
page, or you believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for
the page, or you have corrections or improvements to the information
in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page),
send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
dracut 04/24/2017 DRACUT(8)
Pages that refer to this page: lsinitrd(1), dracut.conf(5), bootup(7), dracut.bootup(7), dracut.cmdline(7), dracut.modules(7), dracut-catimages(8), mkinitrd(8), mkinitrd-suse(8), systemtap(8)