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STRTOL(3P) POSIX Programmer's Manual STRTOL(3P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux
implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
strtol, strtoll — convert a string to a long integer
#include <stdlib.h>
long strtol(const char *restrict str, char **restrict endptr, int base);
long long strtoll(const char *restrict str, char **restrict endptr,
int base)
The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with
the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described
here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This volume of
POSIX.1‐2008 defers to the ISO C standard.
These functions shall convert the initial portion of the string
pointed to by str to a type long and long long representation,
respectively. First, they decompose the input string into three
parts:
1. An initial, possibly empty, sequence of white-space characters
(as specified by isspace())
2. A subject sequence interpreted as an integer represented in some
radix determined by the value of base
3. A final string of one or more unrecognized characters, including
the terminating NUL character of the input string.
Then they shall attempt to convert the subject sequence to an
integer, and return the result.
If the value of base is 0, the expected form of the subject sequence
is that of a decimal constant, octal constant, or hexadecimal
constant, any of which may be preceded by a '+' or '−' sign. A
decimal constant begins with a non-zero digit, and consists of a
sequence of decimal digits. An octal constant consists of the prefix
'0' optionally followed by a sequence of the digits '0' to '7' only.
A hexadecimal constant consists of the prefix 0x or 0X followed by a
sequence of the decimal digits and letters 'a' (or 'A') to 'f' (or
'F') with values 10 to 15 respectively.
If the value of base is between 2 and 36, the expected form of the
subject sequence is a sequence of letters and digits representing an
integer with the radix specified by base, optionally preceded by a
'+' or '−' sign. The letters from 'a' (or 'A') to 'z' (or 'Z')
inclusive are ascribed the values 10 to 35; only letters whose
ascribed values are less than that of base are permitted. If the
value of base is 16, the characters 0x or 0X may optionally precede
the sequence of letters and digits, following the sign if present.
The subject sequence is defined as the longest initial subsequence of
the input string, starting with the first non-white-space character
that is of the expected form. The subject sequence shall contain no
characters if the input string is empty or consists entirely of
white-space characters, or if the first non-white-space character is
other than a sign or a permissible letter or digit.
If the subject sequence has the expected form and the value of base
is 0, the sequence of characters starting with the first digit shall
be interpreted as an integer constant. If the subject sequence has
the expected form and the value of base is between 2 and 36, it shall
be used as the base for conversion, ascribing to each letter its
value as given above. If the subject sequence begins with a minus-
sign, the value resulting from the conversion shall be negated. A
pointer to the final string shall be stored in the object pointed to
by endptr, provided that endptr is not a null pointer.
In other than the C or POSIX locales, other implementation-defined
subject sequences may be accepted.
If the subject sequence is empty or does not have the expected form,
no conversion is performed; the value of str shall be stored in the
object pointed to by endptr, provided that endptr is not a null
pointer.
These functions shall not change the setting of errno if successful.
Since 0, {LONG_MIN} or {LLONG_MIN}, and {LONG_MAX} or {LLONG_MAX} are
returned on error and are also valid returns on success, an
application wishing to check for error situations should set errno to
0, then call strtol() or strtoll(), then check errno.
Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the
converted value, if any. If no conversion could be performed, 0 shall
be returned and errno may be set to [EINVAL].
If the value of base is not supported, 0 shall be returned and errno
shall be set to [EINVAL].
If the correct value is outside the range of representable values,
{LONG_MIN}, {LONG_MAX}, {LLONG_MIN}, or {LLONG_MAX} shall be returned
(according to the sign of the value), and errno set to [ERANGE].
These functions shall fail if:
EINVAL The value of base is not supported.
ERANGE The value to be returned is not representable.
These functions may fail if:
EINVAL No conversion could be performed.
The following sections are informative.
None.
Since the value of *endptr is unspecified if the value of base is not
supported, applications should either ensure that base has a
supported value (0 or between 2 and 36) before the call, or check for
an [EINVAL] error before examining *endptr.
None.
None.
fscanf(3p), isalpha(3p), strtod(3p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, stdlib.h(0p)
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open
Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open
Group. (This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1
applied.) In the event of any discrepancy between this version and
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original
Standard can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the
source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2013 STRTOL(3P)
Pages that refer to this page: stdlib.h(0p), atoi(3p), atol(3p), fscanf(3p), strtod(3p), strtoimax(3p), strtoll(3p), strtoul(3p)