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STRFMON(3P) POSIX Programmer's Manual STRFMON(3P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux
implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
strfmon, strfmon_l — convert monetary value to a string
#include <monetary.h>
ssize_t strfmon(char *restrict s, size_t maxsize,
const char *restrict format, ...);
ssize_t strfmon_l(char *restrict s, size_t maxsize,
locale_t locale, const char *restrict format, ...);
The strfmon() function shall place characters into the array pointed
to by s as controlled by the string pointed to by format. No more
than maxsize bytes are placed into the array.
The format is a character string, beginning and ending in its initial
state, if any, that contains two types of objects: plain characters,
which are simply copied to the output stream, and conversion
specifications, each of which shall result in the fetching of zero or
more arguments which are converted and formatted. The results are
undefined if there are insufficient arguments for the format. If the
format is exhausted while arguments remain, the excess arguments are
simply ignored.
The application shall ensure that a conversion specification consists
of the following sequence:
* A '%' character
* Optional flags
* Optional field width
* Optional left precision
* Optional right precision
* A required conversion specifier character that determines the
conversion to be performed
The strfmon_l() function shall be equivalent to the strfmon()
function, except that the locale data used is from the locale
represented by locale.
Flags
One or more of the following optional flags can be specified to
control the conversion:
=f An '=' followed by a single character f which is used as the
numeric fill character. In order to work with precision or
width counts, the fill character shall be a single byte
character; if not, the behavior is undefined. The default
numeric fill character is the <space>. This flag does not
affect field width filling which always uses the <space>.
This flag is ignored unless a left precision (see below) is
specified.
^ Do not format the currency amount with grouping characters.
The default is to insert the grouping characters if defined
for the current locale.
+ or ( Specify the style of representing positive and negative
currency amounts. Only one of '+' or '(' may be specified. If
'+' is specified, the locale's equivalent of '+' and '−' are
used (for example, in many locales, the empty string if
positive and '−' if negative). If '(' is specified, negative
amounts are enclosed within parentheses. If neither flag is
specified, the '+' style is used.
! Suppress the currency symbol from the output conversion.
− Specify the alignment. If this flag is present the result of
the conversion is left-justified (padded to the right) rather
than right-justified. This flag shall be ignored unless a
field width (see below) is specified.
Field Width
w A decimal digit string w specifying a minimum field width in
bytes in which the result of the conversion is right-
justified (or left-justified if the flag '−' is specified).
The default is 0.
Left Precision
#n A '#' followed by a decimal digit string n specifying a
maximum number of digits expected to be formatted to the left
of the radix character. This option can be used to keep the
formatted output from multiple calls to the strfmon()
function aligned in the same columns. It can also be used to
fill unused positions with a special character as in
"$***123.45". This option causes an amount to be formatted
as if it has the number of digits specified by n. If more
than n digit positions are required, this conversion
specification is ignored. Digit positions in excess of those
actually required are filled with the numeric fill character
(see the =f flag above).
If grouping has not been suppressed with the '^' flag, and it
is defined for the current locale, grouping separators are
inserted before the fill characters (if any) are added.
Grouping separators are not applied to fill characters even
if the fill character is a digit.
To ensure alignment, any characters appearing before or after
the number in the formatted output such as currency or sign
symbols are padded as necessary with <space> characters to
make their positive and negative formats an equal length.
Right Precision
.p A <period> followed by a decimal digit string p specifying
the number of digits after the radix character. If the value
of the right precision p is 0, no radix character appears. If
a right precision is not included, a default specified by the
current locale is used. The amount being formatted is rounded
to the specified number of digits prior to formatting.
Conversion Specifier Characters
The conversion specifier characters and their meanings are:
i The double argument is formatted according to the locale's
international currency format (for example, in the US: USD
1,234.56). If the argument is ±Inf or NaN, the result of the
conversion is unspecified.
n The double argument is formatted according to the locale's
national currency format (for example, in the US: $1,234.56).
If the argument is ±Inf or NaN, the result of the conversion
is unspecified.
% Convert to a '%'; no argument is converted. The entire
conversion specification shall be %%.
Locale Information
The LC_MONETARY category of the current locale affects the behavior
of this function including the monetary radix character (which may be
different from the numeric radix character affected by the LC_NUMERIC
category), the grouping separator, the currency symbols, and formats.
The international currency symbol should be conformant with the
ISO 4217:2001 standard.
If the value of maxsize is greater than {SSIZE_MAX}, the result is
implementation-defined.
The behavior is undefined if the locale argument to strfmon_l() is
the special locale object LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE or is not a valid locale
object handle.
If the total number of resulting bytes including the terminating null
byte is not more than maxsize, these functions shall return the
number of bytes placed into the array pointed to by s, not including
the terminating NUL character. Otherwise, −1 shall be returned, the
contents of the array are unspecified, and errno shall be set to
indicate the error.
These functions shall fail if:
E2BIG Conversion stopped due to lack of space in the buffer.
The following sections are informative.
Given a locale for the US and the values 123.45, −123.45, and
3456.781, the following output might be produced. Square brackets
("[]") are used in this example to delimit the output.
%n [$123.45] Default formatting
[-$123.45]
[$3,456.78]
%11n [ $123.45] Right align within an 11-character field
[ -$123.45]
[ $3,456.78]
%#5n [ $ 123.45] Aligned columns for values up to 99999
[-$ 123.45]
[ $ 3,456.78]
%=*#5n [ $***123.45] Specify a fill character
[-$***123.45]
[ $*3,456.78]
%=0#5n [ $000123.45] Fill characters do not use grouping
[-$000123.45] even if the fill character is a digit
[ $03,456.78]
%^#5n [ $ 123.45] Disable the grouping separator
[-$ 123.45]
[ $ 3456.78]
%^#5.0n [ $ 123] Round off to whole units
[-$ 123]
[ $ 3457]
%^#5.4n [ $ 123.4500] Increase the precision
[-$ 123.4500]
[ $ 3456.7810]
%(#5n [ $ 123.45 ] Use an alternative pos/neg style
[($ 123.45)]
[ $ 3,456.78 ]
%!(#5n [ 123.45 ] Disable the currency symbol
[( 123.45)]
[ 3,456.78 ]
%-14#5.4n [ $ 123.4500 ] Left-justify the output
[-$ 123.4500 ]
[ $ 3,456.7810 ]
%14#5.4n [ $ 123.4500] Corresponding right-justified output
[ -$ 123.4500]
[ $ 3,456.7810]
See also the EXAMPLES section in fprintf().
None.
None.
Lowercase conversion characters are reserved for future standards use
and uppercase for implementation-defined use.
fprintf(3p), localeconv(3p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, monetary.h(0p)
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open
Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open
Group. (This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1
applied.) In the event of any discrepancy between this version and
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original
Standard can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the
source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2013 STRFMON(3P)
Pages that refer to this page: langinfo.h(0p), monetary.h(0p), fprintf(3p), setlocale(3p)