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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | VERSIONS | ATTRIBUTES | CONFORMING TO | NOTES | EXAMPLE | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
GETIFADDRS(3) Linux Programmer's Manual GETIFADDRS(3)
getifaddrs, freeifaddrs - get interface addresses
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
int getifaddrs(struct ifaddrs **ifap);
void freeifaddrs(struct ifaddrs *ifa);
The getifaddrs() function creates a linked list of structures
describing the network interfaces of the local system, and stores the
address of the first item of the list in *ifap. The list consists of
ifaddrs structures, defined as follows:
struct ifaddrs {
struct ifaddrs *ifa_next; /* Next item in list */
char *ifa_name; /* Name of interface */
unsigned int ifa_flags; /* Flags from SIOCGIFFLAGS */
struct sockaddr *ifa_addr; /* Address of interface */
struct sockaddr *ifa_netmask; /* Netmask of interface */
union {
struct sockaddr *ifu_broadaddr;
/* Broadcast address of interface */
struct sockaddr *ifu_dstaddr;
/* Point-to-point destination address */
} ifa_ifu;
#define ifa_broadaddr ifa_ifu.ifu_broadaddr
#define ifa_dstaddr ifa_ifu.ifu_dstaddr
void *ifa_data; /* Address-specific data */
};
The ifa_next field contains a pointer to the next structure on the
list, or NULL if this is the last item of the list.
The ifa_name points to the null-terminated interface name.
The ifa_flags field contains the interface flags, as returned by the
SIOCGIFFLAGS ioctl(2) operation (see netdevice(7) for a list of these
flags).
The ifa_addr field points to a structure containing the interface
address. (The sa_family subfield should be consulted to determine
the format of the address structure.) This field may contain a null
pointer.
The ifa_netmask field points to a structure containing the netmask
associated with ifa_addr, if applicable for the address family. This
field may contain a null pointer.
Depending on whether the bit IFF_BROADCAST or IFF_POINTOPOINT is set
in ifa_flags (only one can be set at a time), either ifa_broadaddr
will contain the broadcast address associated with ifa_addr (if
applicable for the address family) or ifa_dstaddr will contain the
destination address of the point-to-point interface.
The ifa_data field points to a buffer containing address-family-
specific data; this field may be NULL if there is no such data for
this interface.
The data returned by getifaddrs() is dynamically allocated and should
be freed using freeifaddrs() when no longer needed.
On success, getifaddrs() returns zero; on error, -1 is returned, and
errno is set appropriately.
getifaddrs() may fail and set errno for any of the errors specified
for socket(2), bind(2), getsockname(2), recvmsg(2), sendto(2),
malloc(3), or realloc(3).
The getifaddrs() function first appeared in glibc 2.3, but before
glibc 2.3.3, the implementation supported only IPv4 addresses; IPv6
support was added in glibc 2.3.3. Support of address families other
than IPv4 is available only on kernels that support netlink.
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
attributes(7).
┌────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
│Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
│getifaddrs(), freeifaddrs() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
└────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘
Not in POSIX.1. This function first appeared in BSDi and is present
on the BSD systems, but with slightly different semantics documented—
returning one entry per interface, not per address. This means
ifa_addr and other fields can actually be NULL if the interface has
no address, and no link-level address is returned if the interface
has an IP address assigned. Also, the way of choosing either
ifa_broadaddr or ifa_dstaddr differs on various systems.
The addresses returned on Linux will usually be the IPv4 and IPv6
addresses assigned to the interface, but also one AF_PACKET address
per interface containing lower-level details about the interface and
its physical layer. In this case, the ifa_data field may contain a
pointer to a struct rtnl_link_stats, defined in <linux/if_link.h> (in
Linux 2.4 and earlier, struct net_device_stats, defined in
<linux/netdevice.h>), which contains various interface attributes and
statistics.
The program below demonstrates the use of getifaddrs(),
freeifaddrs(), and getnameinfo(3). Here is what we see when running
this program on one system:
$ ./a.out
lo AF_PACKET (17)
tx_packets = 524; rx_packets = 524
tx_bytes = 38788; rx_bytes = 38788
wlp3s0 AF_PACKET (17)
tx_packets = 108391; rx_packets = 130245
tx_bytes = 30420659; rx_bytes = 94230014
em1 AF_PACKET (17)
tx_packets = 0; rx_packets = 0
tx_bytes = 0; rx_bytes = 0
lo AF_INET (2)
address: <127.0.0.1>
wlp3s0 AF_INET (2)
address: <192.168.235.137>
lo AF_INET6 (10)
address: <::1>
wlp3s0 AF_INET6 (10)
address: <fe80::7ee9:d3ff:fef5:1a91%wlp3s0>
Program source
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* To get defns of NI_MAXSERV and NI_MAXHOST */
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/if_link.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct ifaddrs *ifaddr, *ifa;
int family, s, n;
char host[NI_MAXHOST];
if (getifaddrs(&ifaddr) == -1) {
perror("getifaddrs");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Walk through linked list, maintaining head pointer so we
can free list later */
for (ifa = ifaddr, n = 0; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next, n++) {
if (ifa->ifa_addr == NULL)
continue;
family = ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family;
/* Display interface name and family (including symbolic
form of the latter for the common families) */
printf("%-8s %s (%d)\n",
ifa->ifa_name,
(family == AF_PACKET) ? "AF_PACKET" :
(family == AF_INET) ? "AF_INET" :
(family == AF_INET6) ? "AF_INET6" : "???",
family);
/* For an AF_INET* interface address, display the address */
if (family == AF_INET || family == AF_INET6) {
s = getnameinfo(ifa->ifa_addr,
(family == AF_INET) ? sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) :
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6),
host, NI_MAXHOST,
NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
if (s != 0) {
printf("getnameinfo() failed: %s\n", gai_strerror(s));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("\t\taddress: <%s>\n", host);
} else if (family == AF_PACKET && ifa->ifa_data != NULL) {
struct rtnl_link_stats *stats = ifa->ifa_data;
printf("\t\ttx_packets = %10u; rx_packets = %10u\n"
"\t\ttx_bytes = %10u; rx_bytes = %10u\n",
stats->tx_packets, stats->rx_packets,
stats->tx_bytes, stats->rx_bytes);
}
}
freeifaddrs(ifaddr);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
bind(2), getsockname(2), socket(2), packet(7), ifconfig(8)
This page is part of release 4.12 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
latest version of this page, can be found at
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
GNU 2015-07-23 GETIFADDRS(3)
Pages that refer to this page: bind(2), getsockname(2), if_nameindex(3), if_nametoindex(3)