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PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | EXAMPLES | APPLICATION USAGE | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT |
EXPM1(3P) POSIX Programmer's Manual EXPM1(3P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux
implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
expm1, expm1f, expm1l — compute exponential functions
#include <math.h>
double expm1(double x);
float expm1f(float x);
long double expm1l(long double x);
The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with
the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described
here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This volume of
POSIX.1‐2008 defers to the ISO C standard.
These functions shall compute ex−1.0.
An application wishing to check for error situations should set errno
to zero and call feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) before calling these
functions. On return, if errno is non-zero or fetestexcept(FE_INVALID
| FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error
has occurred.
Upon successful completion, these functions return ex−1.0.
If the correct value would cause overflow, a range error shall occur
and expm1(), expm1f(), and expm1l() shall return the value of the
macro HUGE_VAL, HUGE_VALF, and HUGE_VALL, respectively.
If x is NaN, a NaN shall be returned.
If x is ±0, ±0 shall be returned.
If x is −Inf, −1 shall be returned.
If x is +Inf, x shall be returned.
If x is subnormal, a range error may occur
and x should be returned.
If x is not returned, expm1(), expm1f(), and expm1l() shall return an
implementation-defined value no greater in magnitude than DBL_MIN,
FLT_MIN, and LDBL_MIN, respectively.
These functions shall fail if:
Range Error The result overflows.
If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO)
is non-zero, then errno shall be set to [ERANGE]. If the
integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is
non-zero, then the overflow floating-point exception
shall be raised.
These functions may fail if:
Range Error The value of x is subnormal.
If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO)
is non-zero, then errno shall be set to [ERANGE]. If the
integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is
non-zero, then the underflow floating-point exception
shall be raised.
The following sections are informative.
None.
The value of expm1(x) may be more accurate than exp(x)−1.0 for small
values of x.
The expm1() and log1p() functions are useful for financial
calculations of ((1+x)n−1)/x, namely:
expm1(n * log1p(x))/x
when x is very small (for example, when calculating small daily
interest rates). These functions also simplify writing accurate
inverse hyperbolic functions.
For IEEE Std 754‐1985 double, 709.8 < x implies expm1(x) has
overflowed.
On error, the expressions (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) and
(math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) are independent of each other,
but at least one of them must be non-zero.
None.
None.
exp(3p), feclearexcept(3p), fetestexcept(3p), ilogb(3p), log1p(3p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 4.19, Treatment
of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions, math.h(0p)
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open
Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open
Group. (This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1
applied.) In the event of any discrepancy between this version and
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original
Standard can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the
source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2013 EXPM1(3P)
Pages that refer to this page: math.h(0p)