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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | CONFORMING TO | NOTES | BUGS | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
MODIFY_LDT(2) Linux Programmer's Manual MODIFY_LDT(2)
modify_ldt - get or set a per-process LDT entry
#include <sys/types.h>
int modify_ldt(int func, void *ptr, unsigned long bytecount);
Note: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
modify_ldt() reads or writes the local descriptor table (LDT) for a
process. The LDT is an array of segment descriptors that can be
referenced by user code. Linux allows processes to configure a per-
process (actually per-mm) LDT. For more information about the LDT,
see the Intel Software Developer's Manual or the AMD Architecture
Programming Manual.
When func is 0, modify_ldt() reads the LDT into the memory pointed to
by ptr. The number of bytes read is the smaller of bytecount and the
actual size of the LDT, although the kernel may act as though the LDT
is padded with additional trailing zero bytes. On success,
modify_ldt() will return the number of bytes read.
When func is 1 or 0x11, modify_ldt() modifies the LDT entry indicated
by ptr->entry_number. ptr points to a user_desc structure and
bytecount must equal the size of this structure.
The user_desc structure is defined in <asm/ldt.h> as:
struct user_desc {
unsigned int entry_number;
unsigned long base_addr;
unsigned int limit;
unsigned int seg_32bit:1;
unsigned int contents:2;
unsigned int read_exec_only:1;
unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;
unsigned int seg_not_present:1;
unsigned int useable:1;
};
In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named modify_ldt_ldt_s.
The contents field is the segment type (data, expand-down data, non-
conforming code, or conforming code). The other fields match their
descriptions in the CPU manual, although modify_ldt() cannot set the
hardware-defined "accessed" bit described in the CPU manual.
A user_desc is considered "empty" if read_exec_only and
seg_not_present are set to 1 and all of the other fields are 0. An
LDT entry can be cleared by setting it to an "empty" user_desc or, if
func is 1, by setting both base and limit to 0.
A conforming code segment (i.e., one with contents==3) will be
rejected if func is 1 or if seg_not_present is 0.
When func is 2, modify_ldt() will read zeros. This appears to be a
leftover from Linux 2.4.
On success, modify_ldt() returns either the actual number of bytes
read (for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, modify_ldt()
returns -1 and sets errno to indicate the error.
EFAULT ptr points outside the address space.
EINVAL ptr is 0, or func is 1 and bytecount is not equal to the size
of the structure user_desc, or func is 1 or 0x11 and the new
LDT entry has invalid values.
ENOSYS func is neither 0, 1, 2, nor 0x11.
This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
intended to be portable.
Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using
syscall(2).
modify_ldt() should not be used for thread-local storage, as it slows
down context switches and only supports a limited number of threads.
Threading libraries should use set_thread_area(2) or arch_prctl(2)
instead, except on extremely old kernels that do not support those
system calls.
The normal use for modify_ldt() is to run legacy 16-bit or segmented
32-bit code. Not all kernels allow 16-bit segments to be installed,
however.
Even on 64-bit kernels, modify_ldt() cannot be used to create a long
mode (i.e., 64-bit) code segment. The undocumented field "lm" in
user_desc is not useful, and, despite its name, does not result in a
long mode segment.
On 64-bit kernels before Linux 3.19, setting the "lm" bit in
user_desc prevents the descriptor from being considered empty. Keep
in mind that the "lm" bit does not exist in the 32-bit headers, but
these buggy kernels will still notice the bit even when set in a
32-bit process.
arch_prctl(2), set_thread_area(2), vm86(2)
This page is part of release 4.12 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
latest version of this page, can be found at
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux 2016-10-08 MODIFY_LDT(2)
Pages that refer to this page: arch_prctl(2), set_thread_area(2), syscalls(2)