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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | AUTHOR | REPORTING BUGS | COPYRIGHT | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
TAIL(1) User Commands TAIL(1)
tail - output the last part of files
tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more
than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
too.
-c, --bytes=[+]NUM
output the last NUM bytes; or use -c +NUM to output starting
with byte NUM of each file
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
an absent option argument means 'descriptor'
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-n, --lines=[+]NUM
output the last NUM lines, instead of the last 10; or use -n
+NUM to output starting with line NUM
--max-unchanged-stats=N
with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not
changed size after N (default 5) iterations to see if it has
been unlinked or renamed (this is the usual case of rotated
log files); with inotify, this option is rarely useful
--pid=PID
with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
-q, --quiet, --silent
never output headers giving file names
--retry
keep trying to open a file if it is inaccessible
-s, --sleep-interval=N
with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds (default 1.0)
between iterations; with inotify and --pid=P, check process P
at least once every N seconds
-v, --verbose
always output headers giving file names
-z, --zero-terminated
line delimiter is NUL, not newline
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
NUM may have a multiplier suffix: b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB
1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so
on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor,
which means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will
continue to track its end. This default behavior is not desirable
when you really want to track the actual name of the file, not the
file descriptor (e.g., log rotation). Use --follow=name in that
case. That causes tail to track the named file in a way that
accommodates renaming, removal and creation.
Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, Ian Lance Taylor, and Jim
Meyering.
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report tail translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
Copyright © 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU
GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
head(1)
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/tail>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) tail invocation'
This page is part of the coreutils (basic file, shell and text
manipulation utilities) project. Information about the project can
be found at ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. If you have a
bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. This page was obtained from
the tarball coreutils-8.27.tar.xz fetched from
⟨http://www.gnutls.org/download.html⟩ on 2017-07-05. If you discover
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believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or
you have corrections or improvements to the information in this
COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail
to man-pages@man7.org
GNU coreutils 8.27 March 2017 TAIL(1)
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