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PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | OPERANDS | STDIN | INPUT FILES | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS | STDOUT | STDERR | OUTPUT FILES | EXTENDED DESCRIPTION | EXIT STATUS | CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS | APPLICATION USAGE | EXAMPLES | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT |
PWD(1P) POSIX Programmer's Manual PWD(1P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux
implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
pwd — return working directory name
pwd [−L|−P]
The pwd utility shall write to standard output an absolute pathname
of the current working directory, which does not contain the
filenames dot or dot-dot.
The pwd utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of
POSIX.1‐2008, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported by the implementation:
−L If the PWD environment variable contains an absolute
pathname of the current directory that does not contain the
filenames dot or dot-dot, pwd shall write this pathname to
standard output. Otherwise, if the PWD environment variable
contains a pathname of the current directory that is longer
than {PATH_MAX} bytes including the terminating null, and
the pathname does not contain any components that are dot
or dot-dot, it is unspecified whether pwd writes this
pathname to standard output or behaves as if the −P option
had been specified. Otherwise, the −L option shall behave
as the −P option.
−P The pathname written to standard output shall not contain
any components that refer to files of type symbolic link.
If there are multiple pathnames that the pwd utility could
write to standard output, one beginning with a single
<slash> character and one or more beginning with two
<slash> characters, then it shall write the pathname
beginning with a single <slash> character. The pathname
shall not contain any unnecessary <slash> characters after
the leading one or two <slash> characters.
If both −L and −P are specified, the last one shall apply. If neither
−L nor −P is specified, the pwd utility shall behave as if −L had
been specified.
None.
Not used.
None.
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
pwd:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization
variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions
volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 8.2, Internationalization
Variables the precedence of internationalization variables
used to determine the values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of
all the other internationalization variables.
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the
format and contents of diagnostic messages written to
standard error.
NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the
processing of LC_MESSAGES.
PWD An absolute pathname of the current working directory. If
an application sets or unsets the value of PWD, the
behavior of pwd is unspecified.
Default.
The pwd utility output is an absolute pathname of the current working
directory:
"%s\n", <directory pathname>
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
None.
None.
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
If an error is detected, output shall not be written to standard
output, a diagnostic message shall be written to standard error, and
the exit status is not zero.
The following sections are informative.
If the pathname obtained from pwd is longer than {PATH_MAX} bytes, it
could produce an error if passed to cd. Therefore, in order to
return to that directory it may be necessary to break the pathname
into sections shorter than {PATH_MAX} and call cd on each section in
turn (the first section being an absolute pathname and subsequent
sections being relative pathnames).
None.
Some implementations have historically provided pwd as a shell
special built-in command.
In most utilities, if an error occurs, partial output may be written
to standard output. This does not happen in historical
implementations of pwd. Because pwd is frequently used in historical
shell scripts without checking the exit status, it is important that
the historical behavior is required here; therefore, the CONSEQUENCES
OF ERRORS section specifically disallows any partial output being
written to standard output.
An earlier version of this standard stated that the PWD environment
variable was affected when the −P option was in effect. This was
incorrect; conforming implementations do not do this.
None.
cd(1p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Chapter 8, Environment
Variables, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines
The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2008, getcwd(3p)
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open
Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open
Group. (This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1
applied.) In the event of any discrepancy between this version and
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original
Standard can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the
source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2013 PWD(1P)
Pages that refer to this page: cd(1p), sh(1p)