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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | AUTHOR | REPORTING BUGS | COPYRIGHT | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
JOIN(1) User Commands JOIN(1)
join - join lines of two files on a common field
join [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line
to standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by blanks.
When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM
also print unpairable lines from file FILENUM, where FILENUM
is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY
replace missing input fields with EMPTY
-i, --ignore-case
ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD
equivalent to '-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT
obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR
use CHAR as input and output field separator
-v FILENUM
like -a FILENUM, but suppress joined output lines
-1 FIELD
join on this FIELD of file 1
-2 FIELD
join on this FIELD of file 2
--check-order
check that the input is correctly sorted, even if all input
lines are pairable
--nocheck-order
do not check that the input is correctly sorted
--header
treat the first line in each file as field headers, print them
without trying to pair them
-z, --zero-terminated
line delimiter is NUL, not newline
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Unless -t CHAR is given, leading blanks separate fields and are
ignored, else fields are separated by CHAR. Any FIELD is a field
number counted from 1. FORMAT is one or more comma or blank
separated specifications, each being 'FILENUM.FIELD' or '0'. Default
FORMAT outputs the join field, the remaining fields from FILE1, the
remaining fields from FILE2, all separated by CHAR. If FORMAT is the
keyword 'auto', then the first line of each file determines the
number of fields output for each line.
Important: FILE1 and FILE2 must be sorted on the join fields. E.g.,
use "sort -k 1b,1" if 'join' has no options, or use "join -t ''" if
'sort' has no options. Note, comparisons honor the rules specified
by 'LC_COLLATE'. If the input is not sorted and some lines cannot be
joined, a warning message will be given.
Written by Mike Haertel.
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report join translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
Copyright © 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU
GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
comm(1), uniq(1)
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/join>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) join invocation'
This page is part of the coreutils (basic file, shell and text
manipulation utilities) project. Information about the project can
be found at ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. If you have a
bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. This page was obtained from
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you have corrections or improvements to the information in this
COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail
to man-pages@man7.org
GNU coreutils 8.27 March 2017 JOIN(1)