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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | FILES | EXAMPLES | RESTRICTIONS | BUGS | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
FUSER(1) User Commands FUSER(1)
fuser - identify processes using files or sockets
fuser [-fuv] [-a|-s] [-4|-6] [-c|-m|-n space] [ -k [-i] [-M] [-w]
[-SIGNAL] ] name ...
fuser -l
fuser -V
fuser displays the PIDs of processes using the specified files or
file systems. In the default display mode, each file name is
followed by a letter denoting the type of access:
c current directory.
e executable being run.
f open file. f is omitted in default display mode.
F open file for writing. F is omitted in default display
mode.
r root directory.
m mmap'ed file or shared library.
. Placeholder, omitted in default display mode.
fuser returns a non-zero return code if none of the specified files
is accessed or in case of a fatal error. If at least one access has
been found, fuser returns zero.
In order to look up processes using TCP and UDP sockets, the
corresponding name space has to be selected with the -n option. By
default fuser will look in both IPv6 and IPv4 sockets. To change the
default, behavior, use the -4 and -6 options. The socket(s) can be
specified by the local and remote port, and the remote address. All
fields are optional, but commas in front of missing fields must be
present:
[lcl_port][,[rmt_host][,[rmt_port]]]
Either symbolic or numeric values can be used for IP addresses and
port numbers.
fuser outputs only the PIDs to stdout, everything else is sent to
stderr.
-a, --all
Show all files specified on the command line. By default,
only files that are accessed by at least one process are
shown.
-c Same as -m option, used for POSIX compatibility.
-f Silently ignored, used for POSIX compatibility.
-k, --kill
Kill processes accessing the file. Unless changed with
-SIGNAL, SIGKILL is sent. An fuser process never kills
itself, but may kill other fuser processes. The effective
user ID of the process executing fuser is set to its real user
ID before attempting to kill.
-i, --interactive
Ask the user for confirmation before killing a process. This
option is silently ignored if -k is not present too.
-I, --inode
For the name space file let all comparisions be based on the
inodes of the specified file(s) and never on the file names
even on network based file systems.
-l, --list-signals
List all known signal names.
-m NAME, --mount NAME
NAME specifies a file on a mounted file system or a block
device that is mounted. All processes accessing files on that
file system are listed. If a directory file is specified, it
is automatically changed to NAME/. to use any file system
that might be mounted on that directory.
-M, --ismountpoint
Request will be fulfilled only if NAME specifies a mountpoint.
This is an invaluable seatbelt which prevents you from killing
the machine if NAME happens to not be a filesystem.
-w Kill only processes which have write access. This option is
silently ignored if -k is not present too.
-n SPACE, --namespace SPACE
Select a different name space. The name spaces file (file
names, the default), udp (local UDP ports), and tcp (local TCP
ports) are supported. For ports, either the port number or
the symbolic name can be specified. If there is no ambiguity,
the shortcut notation name/space (e.g. 80/tcp) can be used.
-s, --silent
Silent operation. -u and -v are ignored in this mode. -a
must not be used with -s.
-SIGNAL
Use the specified signal instead of SIGKILL when killing
processes. Signals can be specified either by name (e.g.
-HUP)orby number (e.g. -1). This option is silently ignored
if the -k option is not used.
-u, --user
Append the user name of the process owner to each PID.
-v, --verbose
Verbose mode. Processes are shown in a ps-like style. The
fields PID, USER and COMMAND are similar to ps. ACCESS shows
how the process accesses the file. Verbose mode will also
show when a particular file is being accessed as a mount
point, knfs export or swap file. In this case kernel is shown
instead of the PID.
-V, --version
Display version information.
-4, --ipv4
Search only for IPv4 sockets. This option must not be used
with the -6 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udp
namespaces.
-6, --ipv6
Search only for IPv6 sockets. This option must not be used
with the -4 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udp
namespaces.
- Reset all options and set the signal back to SIGKILL.
/proc location of the proc file system
fuser -km /home
kills all processes accessing the file system /home in any
way.
if fuser -s /dev/ttyS1; then :; else something; fi
invokes something if no other process is using /dev/ttyS1.
fuser telnet/tcp
shows all processes at the (local) TELNET port.
Processes accessing the same file or file system several times in the
same way are only shown once.
If the same object is specified several times on the command line,
some of those entries may be ignored.
fuser may only be able to gather partial information unless run with
privileges. As a consequence, files opened by processes belonging to
other users may not be listed and executables may be classified as
mapped only.
fuser cannot report on any processes that it doesn't have permission
to look at the file descriptor table for. The most common time this
problem occurs is when looking for TCP or UDP sockets when running
fuser as a non-root user. In this case fuser will report no access.
Installing fuser SUID root will avoid problems associated with
partial information, but may be undesirable for security and privacy
reasons.
udp and tcp name spaces, and UNIX domain sockets can't be searched
with kernels older than 1.3.78.
Accesses by the kernel are only shown with the -v option.
The -k option only works on processes. If the user is the kernel,
fuser will print an advice, but take no action beyond that.
fuser -m /dev/sgX will show (or kill with the -k flag) all processes,
even if you don't have that device configured. There may be other
devices it does this for too.
The mount -m option will match any file within the same device as the
specified file, use the -M option as well if you mean to specify only
the mount point.
kill(1), killall(1), lsof(8), pkill(1), ps(1), kill(2).
This page is part of the psmisc (Small utilities that use the /proc
filesystem) project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨https://gitlab.com/psmisc/psmisc⟩. If you have a bug report for
this manual page, see ⟨https://gitlab.com/psmisc/psmisc/issues⟩.
This page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://gitlab.com/psmisc/psmisc.git⟩ on 2017-07-05. If you discover
any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you
believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or
you have corrections or improvements to the information in this
COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail
to man-pages@man7.org
psmisc 2016-04-04 FUSER(1)
Pages that refer to this page: killall(1)