57.2.1 The Book Java Persistence API Entity

The Book entity, located in the dukesbookstore.entity package, encapsulates the book data stored by Duke's Bookstore.

The Book entity defines attributes used in the example:

• A book ID

• The author's first name

• The author's surname

• The title

• The price

• Whether the book is on sale

• The publication year

• A description of the book

• The number of copies in the inventory

The Book entity also defines a simple named query, findBooks.

57.2.2 Enterprise Beans Used in Duke's Bookstore

Two enterprise beans located in the dukesbookstore.ejb package provide the business logic for Duke's Bookstore.

• BookRequestBean is a stateful session bean that contains the business methods for the application. The methods create, retrieve, and purchase books, and update the inventory for a book. To retrieve the books, the getBooks method calls the findBooks named query defined in the Book entity.

• ConfigBean is a singleton session bean used to create the books in the catalog when the application is initially deployed. It calls the createBook method defined in BookRequestBean.

57.2.3 Facelets Pages and Managed Beans Used in Duke's Bookstore

The Duke's Bookstore application uses Facelets and its templating features to display the user interface. The Facelets pages interact with a set of CDI managed beans that act as backing beans, providing the underlying properties and methods for the user interface. The front page also interacts with the custom components used by the application.

The application uses the following Facelets pages, which are located in the tut-install/examples/case-studies/dukes-bookstore/src/main/webapp/ directory.

• bookstoreTemplate.xhtml: The template file, which specifies a header used on every page as well as the style sheet used by all the pages. The template also retrieves the language set in the web browser.

  Uses the LocaleBean managed bean.

• index.xhtml: Landing page, which lays out the custom map and area components using managed beans configured in the faces-config.xml file and allows the user to select a book and advance to the bookstore.xhtml page.

• bookstore.xhtml: Page that allows the user to obtain details on the selected book or the featured book, to add either book to the shopping cart, and to advance to the bookcatalog.xhtml page.

  Uses the BookstoreBean managed bean.

• bookdetails.xhtml: Page that shows details on a book selected from bookstore.xhtml or other pages and allows the user to add the book to the cart and/or advance to the bookcatalog.xhtml page.

  Uses the BookDetailsBean managed bean.

• bookcatalog.xhtml: Page that displays the books in the catalog and allows the user to add books to the shopping cart, view the details for any book, view the shopping cart, empty the shopping cart, or purchase the books in the shopping cart.

  Uses the BookstoreBean, CatalogBean, and ShoppingCart managed beans.

• bookshowcart.xhtml: Page that displays the contents of the shopping cart and allows the user to remove items, view the details for an item, empty the shopping cart, purchase the books in the shopping cart, or return to the catalog.

  Uses the ShowCartBean and ShoppingCart managed beans.

• bookcashier.xhtml: Page that allows the user to purchase books, specify a shipping option, subscribe to newsletters, or join the Duke Fan Club with a purchase over a certain amount.

  Uses the CashierBean and ShoppingCart managed beans.

• bookreceipt.xhtml: Page that confirms the user's purchase and allows the user to return to the catalog page to continue shopping.

  Uses the CashierBean managed bean.

• bookordererror.xhtml: Page rendered by CashierBean if the bookstore has no more copies of a book that was ordered.

The application uses the following managed beans, which are located in the tut-install/examples/case-studies/dukes-bookstore/src/main/java/javaeetutorial/dukesbookstore/web/managedbeans/ directory.

• AbstractBean: Contains utility methods called by other managed beans.

• BookDetailsBean: Backing bean for the bookdetails.xhtml page. Specifies the name details.

• BookstoreBean: Backing bean for the bookstore.xhtml page. Specifies the name store.

• CashierBean: Backing bean for the bookcashier.xhtml and bookreceipt.xhtml pages.

• CatalogBean: Backing bean for the bookcatalog.xhtml page. Specifies the name catalog.

• LocaleBean: Managed bean that retrieves the current locale; used on each page.

• ShoppingCart: Backing bean used by the bookcashier.xhtml, bookcatalog.xhtml, and bookshowcart.xhtml pages. Specifies the name cart.

• ShoppingCartItem: Contains methods called by ShoppingCart, CatalogBean, and ShowCartBean.

• ShowCartBean: Backing bean for the bookshowcart.xhtml page. Specifies the name showcart.

57.2.4 Custom Components and Other Custom Objects Used in Duke's Bookstore

The map and area custom components for Duke's Bookstore, along with associated renderer, listener, and model classes, are defined in the following packages in the tut-install/examples/case-studies/dukes-bookstore/src/main/java/javaeetutorial/dukesbookstore/ directory.

• components: Contains the MapComponent and AreaComponent classes. See Creating Custom Component Classes.

• listeners: Contains the AreaSelectedEvent class, along with other listener classes. See Handling Events for Custom Components.

• model: Contains the ImageArea class. See Configuring Model Data for more information.

• renderers: Contains the MapRenderer and AreaRenderer classes. See Delegating Rendering to a Renderer.

The tut-install/examples/case-studies/dukes-bookstore/src/java/dukesbookstore/ directory also contains a custom converter and other custom listeners not specifically tied to the custom components.

• converters: Contains the CreditCardConverter class. See Creating and Using a Custom Converter.

• listeners: Contains the LinkBookChangeListener, MapBookChangeListener, and NameChanged classes. See Implementing an Event Listener.

57.2.5 Properties Files Used in Duke's Bookstore

The strings used in the Duke's Bookstore application are encapsulated into resource bundles to allow the display of localized strings in multiple locales. The properties files, located in the tut-install/examples/case-studies/dukes-bookstore/src/main/java/javaeetutorial/dukesbookstore/web/messages/ directory, consist of a default file containing English strings and three additional files for other locales. The files are as follows:

• Messages.properties: Default file, containing English strings

• Messages_de.properties: File containing German strings

• Messages_es.properties: File containing Spanish strings

• Messages_fr.properties: File containing French strings

The language setting in the user's web browser determines which locale is used. The html tag in bookstoreTemplate.xhtml retrieves the language setting from the language property of LocaleBean:

<html lang="#{localeBean.language}"
...

For more information about resource bundles, see Chapter 20, "Internationalizing and Localizing Web Applications."

The resource bundle is configured as follows in the faces-config.xml file:

<application>
    <resource-bundle>
        <base-name>
            javaeetutorial.dukesbookstore.web.messages.Messages
        </base-name>
        <var>bundle</var>
    </resource-bundle>
    <locale-config>
        <default-locale>en</default-locale>
        <supported-locale>de</supported-locale>
        <supported-locale>es</supported-locale>
        <supported-locale>fr</supported-locale>
    </locale-config>
</application>

This configuration means that in the Facelets pages, messages are retrieved using the prefix bundle with the key found in the Messages_locale.properties file, as in the following example from the index.xhtml page:

<h:outputText style="font-weight:bold" 
              value="#{bundle.ChooseBook}" />

In Messages.properties, the key string is defined as follows:

ChooseBook=Choose a Book from our Catalog

57.2.6 Deployment Descriptors Used in Duke's Bookstore

The following deployment descriptors are used in Duke's Bookstore:

• src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml: The Java Persistence API configuration file

• src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/bookstore.taglib.xml: The tag library descriptor file for the custom components

• src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/faces-config.xml: The JavaServer Faces configuration file, which configures the managed beans for the map component as well as the resource bundles for the application

• src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml: The web application configuration file