Oracle ACFS Command-Line Tools for Linux Environments

This topic provides a summary of the Oracle ACFS commands for Linux environments.

Table 16-1 lists the Oracle ACFS commands for Linux environments with brief descriptions. The commands in Table 16-1 have been extended with additional options to support Oracle ACFS. All other Linux file system commands operate without change for Oracle ACFS.

For example, Oracle ACFS adds a set of Oracle ACFS-specific mount options to those provided with the base operating system platform. You should review both the mount options for the Linux platforms in addition to the Oracle ACFS-specific options for the complete set of file system mount options.

File systems on Oracle ADVM volumes that are not Oracle ACFS file systems, such as ext3, are managed with the same Linux commands that are listed in Table 16-1 using the file-specific options for the type of file system. You can refer to the man pages for options available for the Linux commands in Table 16-1.

Note:

When using Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) in enforcing mode with Oracle ACFS, ensure that the Oracle ACFS file systems are mounted with an SELinux default context. Refer to your Linux vendor documentation for information about the context mount option.

Table 16-1 Summary of Oracle ACFS commands for Linux environments

Command	Description
fsck (offline mode)	Checks and repairs a dismounted Oracle ACFS file system.
fsck (online mode)	Checks and repairs a mounted Oracle ACFS file system.
mkfs	Creates an Oracle ACFS file system.
mount	Mounts an Oracle ACFS file system.
umount	Dismounts an Oracle ACFS file system.

fsck (offline mode)

Purpose

Checks and repairs a dismounted Oracle ACFS file system.

Syntax and Description

fsck -t acfs -h /dev/null
fsck [-a|-f] [-v]  -t acfs [-n|-y] [-x file_name] volume_device

fsck -t acfs -h /dev/null displays usage text and exits.

Table 16-2 contains the options available with the fsck command.

Table 16-2 Options for the offline fsck command on Linux

Option	Description
`-a`	Specifies to automatically repair the file system.
`-f`	Forces the file system into mountable state without completing a file system check or repair.
`-v`	Specifies verbose mode. The progress is displayed as the operation occurs. Running in verbose mode can impact performance.
`-t acfs`	Specifies the type of file system on Linux. `acfs` designates the Oracle ACFS type.
`-n`	Answers no to any prompts.
`-y`	Answers yes to any prompts.
`-x file_name`	Specified for accelerator data collected by `acfsutil meta`. Only used for this type of data.
`volume_device`	Specifies the primary Oracle ADVM volume device.

fsck checks and repairs an existing Oracle ACFS file system. This topic describes an offline mode of the fsck command that can only be run on a dismounted file system. For information about running fsck on a mounted file system, refer to fsck (online mode).

root privileges are required to run fsck. The Oracle ACFS driver must be loaded for fsck to work.

By default, fsck only checks for and reports any errors. The -a flag must be specified to instruct fsck to repair errors in the file system. Do not interrupt fsck during the repair operation.

In a few cases, fsck prompts for questions before proceeding to check a file system. These cases include:

If fsck detects that another fsck is in progress on the file system
If fsck detects that the Oracle ACFS driver is not loaded
If the file system does not appear to be Oracle ACFS

In checking mode, fsck also prompts if there are transaction logs that have not been processed completely due to an incomplete shutdown. To run in a non-interactive mode, include either the -y or -n options to answer yes or no to any questions.

fsck creates working files before it checks a file system. These working files are created in /usr/tmp if space is available. /tmp is used if /usr/tmp does not exist. If insufficient space is available in the tmp directory, fsck attempts to write to the current working directory. The files that fsck creates are roughly the size of the file system being checked divided by 32K. At most three such files are allocated. For example, a 2 GB file system being checked causes fsck to generate one to three 64K working files in the /usr/tmp directory. These files are deleted after fsck has finished.

In the event that fsck finds a file or directory in the file system for which it cannot determine its name or intended location (possibly due to a corruption in its parent directory), it places this object in the /lost+found directory when fsck is run in fix mode. For security reasons only the root user on Linux can read files in /lost+found. If the administrator can later determine the original name and location of the file based on its contents, the file can be moved or copied into its intended location.

The file names in the /lost+found directory are in the following formats:

parent.id.file.id.time-in-sec-since-1970
parent.id.dir.id.time-in-sec-since-1970

The id fields are the internal Oracle ACFS numeric identifiers for each file and directory in the file system.

You can use acfsutil info id id mount_point to attempt to determine the directory associated with parent.id. This directory is assumed to be where the deleted object originated. For information about acfsutil info, see acfsutil info file.

If the parent directory is not known, the parent id field is set to UNKNOWN.

Note:

It is not possible to see the contents of the /lost+found directory from a snapshot.

Examples

The following example shows how to check and repair a dismounted Oracle ACFS file system.

Example 16-2 Using the fsck command in offline mode

# /sbin/fsck -a -y -t acfs /dev/asm/volume1-123

fsck (online mode)

Purpose

Checks and repairs a mounted Oracle ACFS file system.

Syntax and Description

fsck -t acfs -h /dev/null

fsck [-a] [-v] -t acfs -O mount_point -- -C cow_file_path -S cow_file_size
fsck.acfs [-a] [-v] -O -C cow_file_path -S cow_file_size mount_point

Note:

The latter two syntax formats are equivalent. When invoking the Linux fsck command, the -- separator must be placed before either the -C or -S options to ensure that the options are correctly passed to the Oracle ACFS fsck command. When directly invoking the ACFS fsck.acfs command, the -- separator is not required.

fsck -t acfs -h /dev/null displays usage text and exits.

Table 16-3 contains the options available with the fsck command.

Table 16-3 Options for the online fsck command on Linux

Option	Description
`-a`	Specifies to automatically repair the file system.
`-v`	Specifies verbose mode. The progress is displayed as the operation occurs. Running in verbose mode can impact performance.
`-t acfs`	Specifies the type of file system on Linux. `acfs` designates the Oracle ACFS type.
`-O`	Specifies to run in an online mode that enables checking of a mounted Oracle ACFS file system.
`-C cow_file_path`	Specifies the location of the Copy-On-Write (COW) file required by online `fsck`.
`-s cow_file_size`	Specifies the size of the Copy-On-Write (COW) file required by online `fsck`. The quantity specified can be in units of `K` (kilobytes), `M` (megabytes), `G` (gigabytes), `T` (terabytes), or `P` (petabytes). If a unit is not specified, the default is bytes.
`mount_point`	Specifies the directory where the file system is mounted.

fsck checks and repairs an existing Oracle ACFS file system. This topic describes an online mode of the fsck command that can be run on a mounted file system. For information about running fsck in offline mode, refer to fsck (offline mode).

When online fsck is run on a mounted file system, online fsck initially creates a point-in-time snapshot of the file system metadata. Online fsck then executes file system checks against this metadata snapshot. Because the file system is mounted and live, file system metadata can be created or updated underneath online fsck. However, any new or updated metadata is not checked by online fsck because online fsck checks only the initial metadata snapshot.

Online fsck utilizes a special file called a Copy-On-Write (COW) file. While online fsck is running on a file system, whenever any file system metadata must be updated, the original version of the metadata is first copied into the COW file to preserve it for file system checks. The COW file helps preserve the metadata snapshot that is checked by online fsck.

The size of the COW file must be chosen in advance. As a result, the COW file has a limited amount of space for preserving copies of metadata. If the COW file runs out of space while preserving copies of metadata, then online fsck may be forced to abort. The size of the COW file must be chosen carefully to avoid running out of space during execution of online fsck. The appropriate size of the COW file depends on the amount of file system metadata that may change during the execution of online fsck, which is workload dependent and may need to be determined empirically. Oracle recommends the size of the COW file to start at 5% of the file system undergoing online fsck.

The COW file must be placed on a separate Oracle ACFS file system. The separate Oracle ACFS file system must be mounted on the same nodes as the Oracle ACFS file system undergoing online fsck.

The COW file is a temporary file that supports the execution of online fsck and is deleted after online fsck is complete.

The Oracle ACFS file system undergoing online fsck must have the same mount point path on all nodes. The Oracle ACFS file system storing the COW file must also have the same mount point path on all nodes.

Online fsck has the following restrictions and limitations while the command is running on an Oracle ACFS file system:

Another instance of online fsck cannot be started within the same cluster.
A mount of the file system on a new node causes online fsck to abort.
If the separate Oracle ACFS file system containing the COW file is unmounted on any node, then that situation may cause online fsck to abort.
Deleted snapshots within the file system do not have their storage freed until the completion of online fsck.
Resizing the file system with acfsutil size is not allowed and returns an error. Automatic resizing is also not allowed until online fsck completes.
A freeze of the file system with acfsutil freeze causes online fsck to wait for the freeze to end.

By default, online fsck only checks for and reports any errors. The -a flag must be specified to instruct online fsck to repair errors in the file system. Note that online fsck can only repair a limited set of file system errors. Most file system errors require offline fsck for repair.

Examples

The following example shows how to check and repair a mounted Oracle ACFS file system.

Example 16-3 Using the fsck command in online mode

# /sbin/fsck -a -t acfs -O /acfs_mountpoint_1 -- -C /acfs_mountpoint_2/cow_file -S 512M

# /sbin/fsck.acfs -O -C /acfs_mountpoint_2/cow_file -S 512M /acfs_mountpoint_1

mkfs

Purpose

Creates an Oracle ACFS file system.

Syntax and Description

mkfs -t acfs -h
mkfs [-v] [-f] -t acfs [-i {512 | 4096}] [-n name ] [-a accelerator_volume] [-c release_version] 
      volume_device [size]

mkfs -t acfs -h displays usage text and exits.

Table 16-4 contains the options available with the mkfs command.

Table 16-4 Options for the Linux mkfs command

Option	Description
`-t` `acfs`	Specifies the type of file system on Linux. `acfs` designates the Oracle ACFS type.
`-v`	Specifies verbose mode. The progress is displayed as the operation occurs.
`-i {512 \| 4096}`	Specifies a file system with metadata block size of 512 or 4096 bytes.
`-n` `name`	Specifies the name for the file system. A name can be a maximum of 64 characters. `acfsutil` `info` `fs` returns the name if one was specified.
`-f`	Specifies the force option. This action creates the file system even if there is an existing Oracle ACFS on the volume device, although only if the file system is dismounted. This option overwrites structures on the original file system. Use this option with caution.
`-h`	Displays the usage help text and exits.
`size`	Specifies the size that the file system should consume on the named device. The quantity specified can be in units of `K` (kilobytes), `M` (megabytes), `G` (gigabytes), `T` (terabytes), or `P` (petabytes). If a unit is not specified, the default is bytes. If this option is not specified, the entire device is consumed.
`-a` `accelerator_volume`	Specifies a secondary Oracle ACFS accelerator volume that is used by Oracle ACFS to store critical metadata.
`-c` `release_version`	Creates an Oracle ACFS file system with Oracle ACFS release compatibility set to the value of release_version.
`volume_device`	Specifies an existing Oracle ADVM device file that is to be formatted. This device is the primary volume.

You can use mkfs to create the on disk structure needed for Oracle ACFS file system to be mounted. The mkfs command is the traditional Linux command used to build a file system. After mkfs runs successfully, the USAGE column in the V$ASM_VOLUME view displays ACFS. Oracle ADVM volumes are created with the ASMCMD volcreate command. For information about the volcreate command, refer to volcreate.

The value specified with the -c release_version option must be greater than or equal to the value of COMPATIBLE.ADVM for the disk group, and must be less than or equal to the running Oracle Grid infrastructure release version. If —c release_version is not specified, the value of COMPATIBLE.ADVM is used. After the compatibility is set, it cannot be downgraded. The —c release_version option can be used in situations where it is not possible, or desirable, to update COMPATIBLE.ADVM and COMPATIBLE.ASM for the disk group, but you want to use an Oracle ACFS feature that requires a compatibility increase. After the Oracle ACFS compatibility is updated, it is no longer possible to mount the file system with an older Oracle Grid infrastructure release. To change the compatibility of an existing file system, refer to acfsutil compat set. For information about Oracle ASM disk group compatibility attributes, see Disk Group Compatibility.

The minimum file system size is 200 MB for the 512 byte metadata block size format and 512 MB for the 4 KB metadata block size format.

The Oracle ACFS driver must be loaded for mkfs to operate successfully.

root privilege is not required. The ownership of the volume device file dictates who can run this command.

Oracle ACFS Accelerator Volume

Using an accelerator volume can improve performance by reducing the time to access and update Oracle ACFS metadata. You should create the accelerator volume on a disk group with storage that is significantly faster than the storage of the primary volume. The accelerator volume is created with the -a option of the mkfs command. For more information, refer to Oracle ACFS Accelerator Volume.

4 KB Sector/Metadata

The following list summarizes the use of the -i option and metadata block size based on the value of the COMPATIBLE.ADVM disk group attribute.

If COMPATIBLE.ADVM is set to 12.2 or greater, then the metadata block size is 4096 bytes by default.
If COMPATIBLE.ADVM is set to less than 12.2, then the block size is set to 512 bytes.
If COMPATIBLE.ADVM is set to less than 12.2 and the logical sector size is not 512 bytes, then the command fails.

User data IO continues to support transfers as small as 512 bytes for normal user IO requests. When the Oracle ADVM volume of the file system has a logical disk sector size of 4 K, user Direct IO requests should be aligned on 4 K file offsets and be a multiple of 4 KB lengths for the best performance. Note that only 4 K metadata block size formats support ADVM volumes with 4 K logical disk sectors.

The COMPATIBLE.ADVM value must be set to 12.2 or greater to format an Oracle ADVM volume whose logical disk size is 4096 or to use the -i 4096 option to format an Oracle ADVM volume whose logical disk sector size is 512 bytes.

Examples

Before creating an Oracle ACFS file system, first determine which Oracle ADVM volume devices are available. You can use the ASMCMD volinfo command to display information about the volumes and volume devices. For example:

ASMCMD [+] > volinfo -a
...
         Volume Name: VOLUME1
         Volume Device: /dev/asm/volume1-123
         State: ENABLED
...

For information about the volcreate and volinfo commands, refer to Managing Oracle ADVM with ASMCMD.

This command creates an Oracle ACFS file system on a volume device file.

Example 16-4 Using the mkfs command

$ /sbin/mkfs -t acfs /dev/asm/volume1-123

Example 16-5 Using the mkfs command to create an accelerator volume

This command creates an Oracle ACFS file system with an accelerator volume.

$ /sbin/mkfs -t acfs -a /dev/asm/volume2-130 /dev/asm/volume1-127

mount

Purpose

Mounts an Oracle ACFS file system.

Syntax and Description

mount -h
mount [-v] -n -t acfs [-o options] volume_device mount_point
mount

mount -h displays usage text and exits.

Table 16-5 contains the options available with the mount command.

Table 16-5 Options for the Linux mount command

Option	Description
`-h`	Displays the usage help text and exits.
`-t` `acfs`	Specifies the type of file system on Linux. `acfs` designates the Oracle ACFS type.
`-v`	Specifies verbose mode. The progress is displayed as the operation occurs.
`-n`	Specifies not to update the `/etc/mtab` file.
`-o`	Options are specified with the `-o` flag followed by a comma-delimited string of options. The following options are available: `all` Reads the Oracle ACFS managed file systems in the Oracle Clusterware namespace, mounting all file systems with the `AUTO_START=always`. When the `-o` `all` option is specified, other `-o` options are ignored. To specify mount options for a registry entry, include those options with the `acfsutil` `registry` command when you add the entry to the registry. `ro` Mounts the file system in read-only mode. `norootsuid` Fails the execution of binaries by non-root users whose permissions allow set user Id execution, and are owned by root. An attempt to run these executables as a non-root user fails with a permission denied error. `rootsuid` Allows the execution of binaries by non-root users of set user Id files owned by root. This is the default action. `nodeleteopen` Fails the deletion of any file that is open.
`volume_device`	Specifies a primary Oracle ADVM volume device file that has been formatted by `mkfs`. `device` is required but can be a dummy value.
`mount_point`	Specifies the directory where the file system is mounted. This directory must exist before you run the `mount` command.

mount attaches a file system to the Oracle ACFS hierarchy at the mount point that is the name of a directory. The mount happens on the node where the mount command was issued. The mount command returns an error if the file system is not in a dismounted state on this node.

It is not always possible to return the cause of a mount failure to the mount command. When this happens Oracle ACFS writes the cause of the failure to the system console and associated system log file.

After mount runs successfully, the MOUNTPATH field in the V$ASM_VOLUME view displays the directory name on which the file system is now mounted.

An Oracle ACFS file system should only be mounted on one mount point. The same mount point name should be used on all cluster members.

The mount command lists all mounted file systems if it is run with no parameters.

root privilege is required to run mount.

Examples

The first example shows how to mount volume1-123 on the mount point /acfsmounts/acfs1. The second example shows how to mount all the registered Oracle ACFS file systems. The dummy names (none) have been entered for the device and directory as they are required, but not used, when the all option is specified.

Example 16-6 Using the mount command

# /bin/mount -t acfs /dev/asm/volume1-123 /acfsmounts/acfs1

# /bin/mount -t acfs -o all none none

umount

Purpose

Dismounts an Oracle ACFS file system.

Syntax and Description

umount -h
umount [-v] -l -n volume_device |mount_point
umount -a -l -n [-t acfs]

umount -h displays usage text and exits.

Table 16-6 contains the options available with the umount command.

Table 16-6 Options for the Linux umount command

Option	Description
`-h`	Displays the usage help text and exits.
`-t` `acfs`	Specifies the type of file system on Linux. `acfs` designates the Oracle ACFS type.
`-v`	Specifies verbose mode. The progress is displayed as the operation occurs.
`-a`	Specifies to dismount all Oracle ACFS file systems on this node.
`-l`	Specifies a lazy unmount. The Oracle ACFS file system is dismounted, but the cleanup of all references to the file system occurs when the system is no longer busy.
`-n`	Specifies not to update the `/etc/mtab` file.
`volume_device`	Specifies an Oracle ADVM volume device file that has been formatted by `mkfs`.
`mount_point`	Specifies the directory where the file system is mounted. This directory must exist before you run the `mount` command.

umount detaches an Oracle ACFS from the file system hierarchy on the current node.

The umount command does not return control back to the operating system prompt until the file system has been completely unmounted.

If the file system is busy, umount fails.

root privileges are required to run the umount command.

Examples

The following examples show how to dismount an Oracle ACFS file system. The first example uses the volume device file and the second example uses the file system.

Example 16-7 Using the umount command

# /bin/umount /dev/asm/volume1-123

# /bin/umount /acfsmounts/acfs1