Using Synonyms to Provide Data Location and Network Transparency
You can provide complete data location transparency and network transparency by using the synonym feature of the Oracle database server.
When a synonym is defined, you do not have to know the underlying table or network protocol. A synonym can be public, which means that all Oracle users can refer to the synonym. A synonym can also be defined as private, which means every Oracle user must have a synonym defined to access the non-Oracle table.
The following statement creates a system-wide synonym for the emp
table in the schema of user ORACLE
in the Sybase database:
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM emp FOR "ORACLE"."EMP"@SYBS;
- Example: A Distributed Query
An example showing a distributed query.
See Also:
Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for information about synonyms
Parent topic: Using Heterogeneous Services Agents
Example: A Distributed Query
An example showing a distributed query.
Note:
Modify these examples for your environment. Do not try to execute them as they are written.
The following statement joins data between the Oracle database server, an IBM DB2 database, and a Sybase database:
SELECT O.CUSTNAME, P.PROJNO, E.ENAME, SUM(E.RATE*P."HOURS") FROM ORDERS@DB2 O, EMP@ORACLE9 E, "PROJECTS"@SYBS P WHERE O.PROJNO = P."PROJNO" AND P."EMPNO" = E.EMPNO GROUP BY O.CUSTNAME, P."PROJNO", E.ENAME;
Through a combination of views and synonyms, using the following SQL statements, the process of distributed queries is transparent:
CREATE SYNONYM ORDERS FOR ORDERS@DB2; CREATE SYNONYM PROJECTS FOR "PROJECTS"@SYBS; CREATE VIEW DETAILS (CUSTNAME,PROJNO,ENAME,SPEND) AS SELECT O.CUSTNAME, P."PROJNO", E.ENAME, SUM(E.RATE*P."HOURS") SPEND FROM ORDERS O, EMP E, PROJECTS P WHERE O.PROJNO = P."PROJNO" AND P."EMPNO" = E.EMPNO GROUP BY O.CUSTNAME, P."PROJNO", E.ENAME;
Use the following SQL statement to retrieve information from the data stores in one statement:
SELECT * FROM DETAILS;
The statement retrieves the following table:
CUSTNAME PROJNO ENAME SPEND -------- ------ ----- ----- ABC Co. 1 Jones 400 ABC Co. 1 Smith 180 XYZ Inc. 2 Jones 400 XYZ Inc. 2 Smith 180