public class

BigDecimal

extends Number
implements Serializable Comparable<T>
java.lang.Object
   ↳ java.lang.Number
     ↳ java.math.BigDecimal

Class Overview

This class represents immutable integer numbers of arbitrary length. Large numbers are typically used in security applications and therefore BigIntegers offer dedicated functionality like the generation of large prime numbers or the computation of modular inverse.

Since the class was modeled to offer all the functionality as the Integer class does, it provides even methods that operate bitwise on a two's complement representation of large integers. Note however that the implementations favors an internal representation where magnitude and sign are treated separately. Hence such operations are inefficient and should be discouraged. In simple words: Do NOT implement any bit fields based on BigInteger.

Summary

Constants
int ROUND_CEILING Rounding mode to round towards positive infinity.
int ROUND_DOWN Rounding mode where the values are rounded towards zero.
int ROUND_FLOOR Rounding mode to round towards negative infinity.
int ROUND_HALF_DOWN Rounding mode where values are rounded towards the nearest neighbor.
int ROUND_HALF_EVEN Rounding mode where values are rounded towards the nearest neighbor.
int ROUND_HALF_UP Rounding mode where values are rounded towards the nearest neighbor.
int ROUND_UNNECESSARY Rounding mode where the rounding operations throws an ArithmeticException for the case that rounding is necessary, i.e.
int ROUND_UP Rounding mode where positive values are rounded towards positive infinity and negative values towards negative infinity.
Fields
public static final BigDecimal ONE The constant one as a BigDecimal.
public static final BigDecimal TEN The constant ten as a BigDecimal.
public static final BigDecimal ZERO The constant zero as a BigDecimal.
Public Constructors
BigDecimal(char[] in, int offset, int len)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation given as a character array.
BigDecimal(char[] in, int offset, int len, MathContext mc)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation given as a character array.
BigDecimal(char[] in)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation given as a character array.
BigDecimal(char[] in, MathContext mc)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation given as a character array.
BigDecimal(String val)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation.
BigDecimal(String val, MathContext mc)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation.
BigDecimal(double val)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the 64bit double val.
BigDecimal(double val, MathContext mc)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the 64bit double val.
BigDecimal(BigInteger val)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given big integer val.
BigDecimal(BigInteger val, MathContext mc)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given big integer val.
BigDecimal(BigInteger unscaledVal, int scale)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a given unscaled value unscaledVal and a given scale.
BigDecimal(BigInteger unscaledVal, int scale, MathContext mc)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a given unscaled value unscaledVal and a given scale.
BigDecimal(int val)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given int val.
BigDecimal(int val, MathContext mc)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given int val.
BigDecimal(long val)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given long val.
BigDecimal(long val, MathContext mc)
Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given long val.
Public Methods
BigDecimal abs(MathContext mc)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the absolute value of this.
BigDecimal abs()
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the absolute value of this.
BigDecimal add(BigDecimal augend)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this + augend.
BigDecimal add(BigDecimal augend, MathContext mc)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this + augend.
byte byteValueExact()
Returns this BigDecimal as a byte value if it has no fractional part and if its value fits to the byte range ([-128..127]).
int compareTo(BigDecimal val)
Compares this BigDecimal with val.
BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor.
BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor.
BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor, int scale, RoundingMode roundingMode)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor.
BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor, int scale, int roundingMode)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor.
BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor, RoundingMode roundingMode)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor.
BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor, int roundingMode)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor.
BigDecimal[] divideAndRemainder(BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc)
Returns a BigDecimal array which contains the integral part of this / divisor at index 0 and the remainder this % divisor at index 1.
BigDecimal[] divideAndRemainder(BigDecimal divisor)
Returns a BigDecimal array which contains the integral part of this / divisor at index 0 and the remainder this % divisor at index 1.
BigDecimal divideToIntegralValue(BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the integral part of this / divisor.
BigDecimal divideToIntegralValue(BigDecimal divisor)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the integral part of this / divisor.
double doubleValue()
Returns this BigDecimal as a double value.
boolean equals(Object x)
Returns true if x is a BigDecimal instance and if this instance is equal to this big decimal.
float floatValue()
Returns this BigDecimal as a float value.
int hashCode()
Returns a hash code for this BigDecimal.
int intValue()
Returns this BigDecimal as an int value.
int intValueExact()
Returns this BigDecimal as a int value if it has no fractional part and if its value fits to the int range ([-2^{31}..2^{31}-1]).
long longValue()
Returns this BigDecimal as an long value.
long longValueExact()
Returns this BigDecimal as a long value if it has no fractional part and if its value fits to the int range ([-2^{63}..2^{63}-1]).
BigDecimal max(BigDecimal val)
Returns the maximum of this BigDecimal and val.
BigDecimal min(BigDecimal val)
Returns the minimum of this BigDecimal and val.
BigDecimal movePointLeft(int n)
Returns a new BigDecimal instance where the decimal point has been moved n places to the left.
BigDecimal movePointRight(int n)
Returns a new BigDecimal instance where the decimal point has been moved n places to the right.
BigDecimal multiply(BigDecimal multiplicand)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this * multiplicand.
BigDecimal multiply(BigDecimal multiplicand, MathContext mc)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this * multiplicand.
BigDecimal negate(MathContext mc)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the -this.
BigDecimal negate()
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the -this.
BigDecimal plus(MathContext mc)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is +this.
BigDecimal plus()
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is +this.
BigDecimal pow(int n, MathContext mc)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this ^ n.
BigDecimal pow(int n)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this ^ n.
int precision()
Returns the precision of this BigDecimal.
BigDecimal remainder(BigDecimal divisor)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this % divisor.
BigDecimal remainder(BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this % divisor.
BigDecimal round(MathContext mc)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this, rounded according to the passed context mc.
int scale()
Returns the scale of this BigDecimal.
BigDecimal scaleByPowerOfTen(int n)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this 10^n.
BigDecimal setScale(int newScale)
Returns a new BigDecimal instance with the specified scale.
BigDecimal setScale(int newScale, int roundingMode)
Returns a new BigDecimal instance with the specified scale.
BigDecimal setScale(int newScale, RoundingMode roundingMode)
Returns a new BigDecimal instance with the specified scale.
short shortValueExact()
Returns this BigDecimal as a short value if it has no fractional part and if its value fits to the short range ([-2^{15}..2^{15}-1]).
int signum()
Returns the sign of this BigDecimal.
BigDecimal stripTrailingZeros()
Returns a new BigDecimal instance with the same value as this but with a unscaled value where the trailing zeros have been removed.
BigDecimal subtract(BigDecimal subtrahend, MathContext mc)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this - subtrahend.
BigDecimal subtract(BigDecimal subtrahend)
Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this - subtrahend.
BigInteger toBigInteger()
Returns this BigDecimal as a big integer instance.
BigInteger toBigIntegerExact()
Returns this BigDecimal as a big integer instance if it has no fractional part.
String toEngineeringString()
Returns a string representation of this BigDecimal.
String toPlainString()
Returns a string representation of this BigDecimal.
String toString()
Returns a canonical string representation of this BigDecimal.
BigDecimal ulp()
Returns the unit in the last place (ULP) of this BigDecimal instance.
BigInteger unscaledValue()
Returns the unscaled value (mantissa) of this BigDecimal instance as a BigInteger.
static BigDecimal valueOf(long unscaledVal)
Returns a new BigDecimal instance whose value is equal to unscaledVal.
static BigDecimal valueOf(long unscaledVal, int scale)
Returns a new BigDecimal instance whose value is equal to unscaledVal 10^(-scale).
static BigDecimal valueOf(double val)
Returns a new BigDecimal instance whose value is equal to val.
[Expand]
Inherited Methods
From class java.lang.Number
From class java.lang.Object
From interface java.lang.Comparable

Constants

public static final int ROUND_CEILING

Since: API Level 1

Rounding mode to round towards positive infinity. For positive values this rounding mode behaves as ROUND_UP, for negative values as ROUND_DOWN.

See Also
Constant Value: 2 (0x00000002)

public static final int ROUND_DOWN

Since: API Level 1

Rounding mode where the values are rounded towards zero.

See Also
Constant Value: 1 (0x00000001)

public static final int ROUND_FLOOR

Since: API Level 1

Rounding mode to round towards negative infinity. For positive values this rounding mode behaves as ROUND_DOWN, for negative values as ROUND_UP.

See Also
Constant Value: 3 (0x00000003)

public static final int ROUND_HALF_DOWN

Since: API Level 1

Rounding mode where values are rounded towards the nearest neighbor. Ties are broken by rounding down.

See Also
Constant Value: 5 (0x00000005)

public static final int ROUND_HALF_EVEN

Since: API Level 1

Rounding mode where values are rounded towards the nearest neighbor. Ties are broken by rounding to the even neighbor.

See Also
Constant Value: 6 (0x00000006)

public static final int ROUND_HALF_UP

Since: API Level 1

Rounding mode where values are rounded towards the nearest neighbor. Ties are broken by rounding up.

See Also
Constant Value: 4 (0x00000004)

public static final int ROUND_UNNECESSARY

Since: API Level 1

Rounding mode where the rounding operations throws an ArithmeticException for the case that rounding is necessary, i.e. for the case that the value cannot be represented exactly.

See Also
Constant Value: 7 (0x00000007)

public static final int ROUND_UP

Since: API Level 1

Rounding mode where positive values are rounded towards positive infinity and negative values towards negative infinity.

See Also
Constant Value: 0 (0x00000000)

Fields

public static final BigDecimal ONE

Since: API Level 1

The constant one as a BigDecimal.

public static final BigDecimal TEN

Since: API Level 1

The constant ten as a BigDecimal.

public static final BigDecimal ZERO

Since: API Level 1

The constant zero as a BigDecimal.

Public Constructors

public BigDecimal (char[] in, int offset, int len)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation given as a character array.

Parameters
in array of characters containing the string representation of this BigDecimal.
offset first index to be copied.
len number of characters to be used.
Throws
NumberFormatException if offset < 0 || len <= 0 || offset+len-1 < 0 || offset+len-1 >= in.length, or if in does not contain a valid string representation of a big decimal.

public BigDecimal (char[] in, int offset, int len, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation given as a character array.

Parameters
in array of characters containing the string representation of this BigDecimal.
offset first index to be copied.
len number of characters to be used.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Throws
NumberFormatException if offset < 0 || len <= 0 || offset+len-1 < 0 || offset+len-1 >= in.length, or if in does not contain a valid string representation of a big decimal.
ArithmeticException if mc.precision > 0 and mc.roundingMode == UNNECESSARY and the new big decimal cannot be represented within the given precision without rounding.

public BigDecimal (char[] in)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation given as a character array.

Parameters
in array of characters containing the string representation of this BigDecimal.
Throws
NumberFormatException if in does not contain a valid string representation of a big decimal.

public BigDecimal (char[] in, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation given as a character array. The result is rounded according to the specified math context.

Parameters
in array of characters containing the string representation of this BigDecimal.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Throws
NumberFormatException if in does not contain a valid string representation of a big decimal.
ArithmeticException if mc.precision > 0 and mc.roundingMode == UNNECESSARY and the new big decimal cannot be represented within the given precision without rounding.

public BigDecimal (String val)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation.

Parameters
val string containing the string representation of this BigDecimal.
Throws
NumberFormatException if val does not contain a valid string representation of a big decimal.

public BigDecimal (String val, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a string representation. The result is rounded according to the specified math context.

Parameters
val string containing the string representation of this BigDecimal.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Throws
NumberFormatException if val does not contain a valid string representation of a big decimal.
ArithmeticException if mc.precision > 0 and mc.roundingMode == UNNECESSARY and the new big decimal cannot be represented within the given precision without rounding.

public BigDecimal (double val)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the 64bit double val. The constructed big decimal is equivalent to the given double. For example, new BigDecimal(0.1) is equal to 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625. This happens as 0.1 cannot be represented exactly in binary.

To generate a big decimal instance which is equivalent to 0.1 use the BigDecimal(String) constructor.

Parameters
val double value to be converted to a BigDecimal instance.
Throws
NumberFormatException if val is infinity or not a number.

public BigDecimal (double val, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the 64bit double val. The constructed big decimal is equivalent to the given double. For example, new BigDecimal(0.1) is equal to 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625. This happens as 0.1 cannot be represented exactly in binary.

To generate a big decimal instance which is equivalent to 0.1 use the BigDecimal(String) constructor.

Parameters
val double value to be converted to a BigDecimal instance.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Throws
NumberFormatException if val is infinity or not a number.
ArithmeticException if mc.precision > 0 and mc.roundingMode == UNNECESSARY and the new big decimal cannot be represented within the given precision without rounding.

public BigDecimal (BigInteger val)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given big integer val. The scale of the result is 0.

Parameters
val BigInteger value to be converted to a BigDecimal instance.

public BigDecimal (BigInteger val, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given big integer val. The scale of the result is 0.

Parameters
val BigInteger value to be converted to a BigDecimal instance.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Throws
ArithmeticException if mc.precision > 0 and mc.roundingMode == UNNECESSARY and the new big decimal cannot be represented within the given precision without rounding.

public BigDecimal (BigInteger unscaledVal, int scale)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a given unscaled value unscaledVal and a given scale. The value of this instance is unscaledVal 10^(-scale).

Parameters
unscaledVal BigInteger representing the unscaled value of this BigDecimal instance.
scale scale of this BigDecimal instance.
Throws
NullPointerException if unscaledVal == null.

public BigDecimal (BigInteger unscaledVal, int scale, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from a given unscaled value unscaledVal and a given scale. The value of this instance is unscaledVal 10^(-scale). The result is rounded according to the specified math context.

Parameters
unscaledVal BigInteger representing the unscaled value of this BigDecimal instance.
scale scale of this BigDecimal instance.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Throws
ArithmeticException if mc.precision > 0 and mc.roundingMode == UNNECESSARY and the new big decimal cannot be represented within the given precision without rounding.
NullPointerException if unscaledVal == null.

public BigDecimal (int val)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given int val. The scale of the result is 0.

Parameters
val int value to be converted to a BigDecimal instance.

public BigDecimal (int val, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given int val. The scale of the result is 0. The result is rounded according to the specified math context.

Parameters
val int value to be converted to a BigDecimal instance.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Throws
ArithmeticException if mc.precision > 0 and c.roundingMode == UNNECESSARY and the new big decimal cannot be represented within the given precision without rounding.

public BigDecimal (long val)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given long val. The scale of the result is 0.

Parameters
val long value to be converted to a BigDecimal instance.

public BigDecimal (long val, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Constructs a new BigDecimal instance from the given long val. The scale of the result is 0. The result is rounded according to the specified math context.

Parameters
val long value to be converted to a BigDecimal instance.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Throws
ArithmeticException if mc.precision > 0 and mc.roundingMode == UNNECESSARY and the new big decimal cannot be represented within the given precision without rounding.

Public Methods

public BigDecimal abs (MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the absolute value of this. The result is rounded according to the passed context mc.

Parameters
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Returns
  • abs(this)

public BigDecimal abs ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the absolute value of this. The scale of the result is the same as the scale of this.

Returns
  • abs(this)

public BigDecimal add (BigDecimal augend)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this + augend. The scale of the result is the maximum of the scales of the two arguments.

Parameters
augend value to be added to this.
Returns
  • this + augend.
Throws
NullPointerException if augend == null.

public BigDecimal add (BigDecimal augend, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this + augend. The result is rounded according to the passed context mc.

Parameters
augend value to be added to this.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Returns
  • this + augend.
Throws
NullPointerException if augend == null or mc == null.

public byte byteValueExact ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns this BigDecimal as a byte value if it has no fractional part and if its value fits to the byte range ([-128..127]). If these conditions are not met, an ArithmeticException is thrown.

Returns
  • this BigDecimal as a byte value.
Throws
ArithmeticException if rounding is necessary or the number doesn't fit in a byte.

public int compareTo (BigDecimal val)

Since: API Level 1

Compares this BigDecimal with val. Returns one of the three values 1, 0, or -1. The method behaves as if this.subtract(val) is computed. If this difference is > 0 then 1 is returned, if the difference is < 0 then -1 is returned, and if the difference is 0 then 0 is returned. This means, that if two decimal instances are compared which are equal in value but differ in scale, then these two instances are considered as equal.

Parameters
val value to be compared with this.
Returns
  • 1 if this > val, -1 if this < val, 0 if this == val.
Throws
NullPointerException if val == null.

public BigDecimal divide (BigDecimal divisor)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor. The scale of the result is the difference of the scales of this and divisor. If the exact result requires more digits, then the scale is adjusted accordingly. For example, 1/128 = 0.0078125 which has a scale of 7 and precision 5.

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
Returns
  • this / divisor.
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.
ArithmeticException if the result cannot be represented exactly.

public BigDecimal divide (BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor. The result is rounded according to the passed context mc. If the passed math context specifies precision 0, then this call is equivalent to this.divide(divisor).

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Returns
  • this / divisor.
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null or mc == null.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.
ArithmeticException if mc.getRoundingMode() == UNNECESSARY and rounding is necessary according mc.getPrecision().

public BigDecimal divide (BigDecimal divisor, int scale, RoundingMode roundingMode)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor. As scale of the result the parameter scale is used. If rounding is required to meet the specified scale, then the specified rounding mode roundingMode is applied.

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
scale the scale of the result returned.
roundingMode rounding mode to be used to round the result.
Returns
  • this / divisor rounded according to the given rounding mode.
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null or roundingMode == null.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.
ArithmeticException if roundingMode == RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY and rounding is necessary according to the given scale and given precision.

public BigDecimal divide (BigDecimal divisor, int scale, int roundingMode)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor. As scale of the result the parameter scale is used. If rounding is required to meet the specified scale, then the specified rounding mode roundingMode is applied.

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
scale the scale of the result returned.
roundingMode rounding mode to be used to round the result.
Returns
  • this / divisor rounded according to the given rounding mode.
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null.
IllegalArgumentException if roundingMode is not a valid rounding mode.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.
ArithmeticException if roundingMode == ROUND_UNNECESSARY and rounding is necessary according to the given scale.

public BigDecimal divide (BigDecimal divisor, RoundingMode roundingMode)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor. The scale of the result is the scale of this. If rounding is required to meet the specified scale, then the specified rounding mode roundingMode is applied.

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
roundingMode rounding mode to be used to round the result.
Returns
  • this / divisor rounded according to the given rounding mode.
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null or roundingMode == null.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.
ArithmeticException if roundingMode == RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY and rounding is necessary according to the scale of this.

public BigDecimal divide (BigDecimal divisor, int roundingMode)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this / divisor. The scale of the result is the scale of this. If rounding is required to meet the specified scale, then the specified rounding mode roundingMode is applied.

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
roundingMode rounding mode to be used to round the result.
Returns
  • this / divisor rounded according to the given rounding mode.
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null.
IllegalArgumentException if roundingMode is not a valid rounding mode.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.
ArithmeticException if roundingMode == ROUND_UNNECESSARY and rounding is necessary according to the scale of this.

public BigDecimal[] divideAndRemainder (BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a BigDecimal array which contains the integral part of this / divisor at index 0 and the remainder this % divisor at index 1. The quotient is rounded down towards zero to the next integer. The rounding mode passed with the parameter mc is not considered. But if the precision of mc > 0 and the integral part requires more digits, then an ArithmeticException is thrown.

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
mc math context which determines the maximal precision of the result.
Returns
  • [this.divideToIntegralValue(divisor), this.remainder(divisor)].
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.
See Also

public BigDecimal[] divideAndRemainder (BigDecimal divisor)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a BigDecimal array which contains the integral part of this / divisor at index 0 and the remainder this % divisor at index 1. The quotient is rounded down towards zero to the next integer.

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
Returns
  • [this.divideToIntegralValue(divisor), this.remainder(divisor)].
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.
See Also

public BigDecimal divideToIntegralValue (BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the integral part of this / divisor. The quotient is rounded down towards zero to the next integer. The rounding mode passed with the parameter mc is not considered. But if the precision of mc > 0 and the integral part requires more digits, then an ArithmeticException is thrown.

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
mc math context which determines the maximal precision of the result.
Returns
  • integral part of this / divisor.
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null or mc == null.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.
ArithmeticException if mc.getPrecision() > 0 and the result requires more digits to be represented.

public BigDecimal divideToIntegralValue (BigDecimal divisor)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the integral part of this / divisor. The quotient is rounded down towards zero to the next integer. For example, 0.5/0.2 = 2.

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
Returns
  • integral part of this / divisor.
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.

public double doubleValue ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns this BigDecimal as a double value. If this is too big to be represented as an float, then Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY or Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY is returned.

Note, that if the unscaled value has more than 53 significant digits, then this decimal cannot be represented exactly in a double variable. In this case the result is rounded.

For example, if the instance x1 = new BigDecimal("0.1") cannot be represented exactly as a double, and thus x1.equals(new BigDecimal(x1.doubleValue()) returns false for this case.

Similarly, if the instance new BigDecimal(9007199254740993L) is converted to a double, the result is 9.007199254740992E15.

Returns
  • this BigDecimal as a double value.

public boolean equals (Object x)

Since: API Level 1

Returns true if x is a BigDecimal instance and if this instance is equal to this big decimal. Two big decimals are equal if their unscaled value and their scale is equal. For example, 1.0 (10*10^(-1)) is not equal to 1.00 (100*10^(-2)). Similarly, zero instances are not equal if their scale differs.

Parameters
x object to be compared with this.
Returns
  • true if x is a BigDecimal and this == x.

public float floatValue ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns this BigDecimal as a float value. If this is too big to be represented as an float, then Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY or Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY is returned.

Note, that if the unscaled value has more than 24 significant digits, then this decimal cannot be represented exactly in a float variable. In this case the result is rounded.

For example, if the instance x1 = new BigDecimal("0.1") cannot be represented exactly as a float, and thus x1.equals(new BigDecimal(x1.folatValue()) returns false for this case.

Similarly, if the instance new BigDecimal(16777217) is converted to a float, the result is 1.6777216E7.

Returns
  • this BigDecimal as a float value.

public int hashCode ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns a hash code for this BigDecimal.

Returns
  • hash code for this.

public int intValue ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns this BigDecimal as an int value. Any fractional part is discarded. If the integral part of this is too big to be represented as an int, then this % 2^32 is returned.

Returns
  • this BigDecimal as a int value.

public int intValueExact ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns this BigDecimal as a int value if it has no fractional part and if its value fits to the int range ([-2^{31}..2^{31}-1]). If these conditions are not met, an ArithmeticException is thrown.

Returns
  • this BigDecimal as a int value.
Throws
ArithmeticException if rounding is necessary or the number doesn't fit in a int.

public long longValue ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns this BigDecimal as an long value. Any fractional part is discarded. If the integral part of this is too big to be represented as an long, then this % 2^64 is returned.

Returns
  • this BigDecimal as a long value.

public long longValueExact ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns this BigDecimal as a long value if it has no fractional part and if its value fits to the int range ([-2^{63}..2^{63}-1]). If these conditions are not met, an ArithmeticException is thrown.

Returns
  • this BigDecimal as a long value.
Throws
ArithmeticException if rounding is necessary or the number doesn't fit in a long.

public BigDecimal max (BigDecimal val)

Since: API Level 1

Returns the maximum of this BigDecimal and val.

Parameters
val value to be used to compute the maximum with this.
Returns
  • max(this, val.
Throws
NullPointerException if val == null.

public BigDecimal min (BigDecimal val)

Since: API Level 1

Returns the minimum of this BigDecimal and val.

Parameters
val value to be used to compute the minimum with this.
Returns
  • min(this, val.
Throws
NullPointerException if val == null.

public BigDecimal movePointLeft (int n)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal instance where the decimal point has been moved n places to the left. If n < 0 then the decimal point is moved -n places to the right.

The result is obtained by changing its scale. If the scale of the result becomes negative, then its precision is increased such that the scale is zero.

Note, that movePointLeft(0) returns a result which is mathematically equivalent, but which has scale >= 0.

Parameters
n number of placed the decimal point has to be moved.
Returns
  • this * 10^(-n).

public BigDecimal movePointRight (int n)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal instance where the decimal point has been moved n places to the right. If n < 0 then the decimal point is moved -n places to the left.

The result is obtained by changing its scale. If the scale of the result becomes negative, then its precision is increased such that the scale is zero.

Note, that movePointRight(0) returns a result which is mathematically equivalent, but which has scale >= 0.

Parameters
n number of placed the decimal point has to be moved.
Returns
  • this * 10^n.

public BigDecimal multiply (BigDecimal multiplicand)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this * multiplicand. The scale of the result is the sum of the scales of the two arguments.

Parameters
multiplicand value to be multiplied with this.
Returns
  • this * multiplicand.
Throws
NullPointerException if multiplicand == null.

public BigDecimal multiply (BigDecimal multiplicand, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this * multiplicand. The result is rounded according to the passed context mc.

Parameters
multiplicand value to be multiplied with this.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Returns
  • this * multiplicand.
Throws
NullPointerException if multiplicand == null or mc == null.

public BigDecimal negate (MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the -this. The result is rounded according to the passed context mc.

Parameters
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Returns
  • -this

public BigDecimal negate ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is the -this. The scale of the result is the same as the scale of this.

Returns
  • -this

public BigDecimal plus (MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is +this. The result is rounded according to the passed context mc.

Parameters
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Returns
  • this, rounded

public BigDecimal plus ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is +this. The scale of the result is the same as the scale of this.

Returns
  • this

public BigDecimal pow (int n, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this ^ n. The result is rounded according to the passed context mc.

Implementation Note: The implementation is based on the ANSI standard X3.274-1996 algorithm.

Parameters
n exponent to which this is raised.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Returns
  • this ^ n.
Throws
ArithmeticException if n < 0 or n > 999999999.

public BigDecimal pow (int n)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this ^ n. The scale of the result is n times the scales of this.

x.pow(0) returns 1, even if x == 0.

Implementation Note: The implementation is based on the ANSI standard X3.274-1996 algorithm.

Parameters
n exponent to which this is raised.
Returns
  • this ^ n.
Throws
ArithmeticException if n < 0 or n > 999999999.

public int precision ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns the precision of this BigDecimal. The precision is the number of decimal digits used to represent this decimal. It is equivalent to the number of digits of the unscaled value. The precision of 0 is 1 (independent of the scale).

Returns
  • the precision of this BigDecimal.

public BigDecimal remainder (BigDecimal divisor)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this % divisor.

The remainder is defined as this - this.divideToIntegralValue(divisor) * divisor.

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
Returns
  • this % divisor.
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.

public BigDecimal remainder (BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this % divisor.

The remainder is defined as this - this.divideToIntegralValue(divisor) * divisor.

The specified rounding mode mc is used for the division only.

Parameters
divisor value by which this is divided.
mc rounding mode and precision to be used.
Returns
  • this % divisor.
Throws
NullPointerException if divisor == null.
ArithmeticException if divisor == 0.
ArithmeticException if mc.getPrecision() > 0 and the result of this.divideToIntegralValue(divisor, mc) requires more digits to be represented.

public BigDecimal round (MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this, rounded according to the passed context mc.

If mc.precision = 0, then no rounding is performed.

If mc.precision > 0 and mc.roundingMode == UNNECESSARY, then an ArithmeticException is thrown if the result cannot be represented exactly within the given precision.

Parameters
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Returns
  • this rounded according to the passed context.
Throws
ArithmeticException if mc.precision > 0 and mc.roundingMode == UNNECESSARY and this cannot be represented within the given precision.

public int scale ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns the scale of this BigDecimal. The scale is the number of digits behind the decimal point. The value of this BigDecimal is the unsignedValue * 10^(-scale). If the scale is negative, then this BigDecimal represents a big integer.

Returns
  • the scale of this BigDecimal.

public BigDecimal scaleByPowerOfTen (int n)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this 10^n. The scale of the result is this.scale() - n. The precision of the result is the precision of this.

This method has the same effect as movePointRight(int), except that the precision is not changed.

Parameters
n number of places the decimal point has to be moved.
Returns
  • this * 10^n

public BigDecimal setScale (int newScale)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal instance with the specified scale. If the new scale is greater than the old scale, then additional zeros are added to the unscaled value. If the new scale is smaller than the old scale, then trailing zeros are removed. If the trailing digits are not zeros then an ArithmeticException is thrown.

If no exception is thrown, then the following equation holds: x.setScale(s).compareTo(x) == 0.

Parameters
newScale scale of the result returned.
Returns
  • a new BigDecimal instance with the specified scale.
Throws
ArithmeticException if rounding would be necessary.

public BigDecimal setScale (int newScale, int roundingMode)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal instance with the specified scale.

If the new scale is greater than the old scale, then additional zeros are added to the unscaled value. In this case no rounding is necessary.

If the new scale is smaller than the old scale, then trailing digits are removed. If these trailing digits are not zero, then the remaining unscaled value has to be rounded. For this rounding operation the specified rounding mode is used.

Parameters
newScale scale of the result returned.
roundingMode rounding mode to be used to round the result.
Returns
  • a new BigDecimal instance with the specified scale.
Throws
IllegalArgumentException if roundingMode is not a valid rounding mode.
ArithmeticException if roundingMode == ROUND_UNNECESSARY and rounding is necessary according to the given scale.

public BigDecimal setScale (int newScale, RoundingMode roundingMode)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal instance with the specified scale.

If the new scale is greater than the old scale, then additional zeros are added to the unscaled value. In this case no rounding is necessary.

If the new scale is smaller than the old scale, then trailing digits are removed. If these trailing digits are not zero, then the remaining unscaled value has to be rounded. For this rounding operation the specified rounding mode is used.

Parameters
newScale scale of the result returned.
roundingMode rounding mode to be used to round the result.
Returns
  • a new BigDecimal instance with the specified scale.
Throws
NullPointerException if roundingMode == null.
ArithmeticException if roundingMode == ROUND_UNNECESSARY and rounding is necessary according to the given scale.

public short shortValueExact ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns this BigDecimal as a short value if it has no fractional part and if its value fits to the short range ([-2^{15}..2^{15}-1]). If these conditions are not met, an ArithmeticException is thrown.

Returns
  • this BigDecimal as a short value.
Throws
ArithmeticException if rounding is necessary of the number doesn't fit in a short.

public int signum ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns the sign of this BigDecimal.

Returns
  • -1 if this < 0, 0 if this == 0, 1 if this > 0.

public BigDecimal stripTrailingZeros ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal instance with the same value as this but with a unscaled value where the trailing zeros have been removed. If the unscaled value of this has n trailing zeros, then the scale and the precision of the result has been reduced by n.

Returns
  • a new BigDecimal instance equivalent to this where the trailing zeros of the unscaled value have been removed.

public BigDecimal subtract (BigDecimal subtrahend, MathContext mc)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this - subtrahend. The result is rounded according to the passed context mc.

Parameters
subtrahend value to be subtracted from this.
mc rounding mode and precision for the result of this operation.
Returns
  • this - subtrahend.
Throws
NullPointerException if subtrahend == null or mc == null.

public BigDecimal subtract (BigDecimal subtrahend)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal whose value is this - subtrahend. The scale of the result is the maximum of the scales of the two arguments.

Parameters
subtrahend value to be subtracted from this.
Returns
  • this - subtrahend.
Throws
NullPointerException if subtrahend == null.

public BigInteger toBigInteger ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns this BigDecimal as a big integer instance. A fractional part is discarded.

Returns
  • this BigDecimal as a big integer instance.

public BigInteger toBigIntegerExact ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns this BigDecimal as a big integer instance if it has no fractional part. If this BigDecimal has a fractional part, i.e. if rounding would be necessary, an ArithmeticException is thrown.

Returns
  • this BigDecimal as a big integer value.
Throws
ArithmeticException if rounding is necessary.

public String toEngineeringString ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns a string representation of this BigDecimal. This representation always prints all significant digits of this value.

If the scale is negative or if scale - precision >= 6 then engineering notation is used. Engineering notation is similar to the scientific notation except that the exponent is made to be a multiple of 3 such that the integer part is >= 1 and < 1000.

Returns
  • a string representation of this in engineering notation if necessary.

public String toPlainString ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns a string representation of this BigDecimal. No scientific notation is used. This methods adds zeros where necessary.

If this string representation is used to create a new instance, this instance is generally not identical to this as the precision changes.

x.equals(new BigDecimal(x.toPlainString()) usually returns false.

x.compareTo(new BigDecimal(x.toPlainString()) returns 0.

Returns
  • a string representation of this without exponent part.

public String toString ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns a canonical string representation of this BigDecimal. If necessary, scientific notation is used. This representation always prints all significant digits of this value.

If the scale is negative or if scale - precision >= 6 then scientific notation is used.

Returns
  • a string representation of this in scientific notation if necessary.

public BigDecimal ulp ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns the unit in the last place (ULP) of this BigDecimal instance. An ULP is the distance to the nearest big decimal with the same precision.

The amount of a rounding error in the evaluation of a floating-point operation is often expressed in ULPs. An error of 1 ULP is often seen as a tolerable error.

For class BigDecimal, the ULP of a number is simply 10^(-scale).

For example, new BigDecimal(0.1).ulp() returns 1E-55.

Returns
  • unit in the last place (ULP) of this BigDecimal instance.

public BigInteger unscaledValue ()

Since: API Level 1

Returns the unscaled value (mantissa) of this BigDecimal instance as a BigInteger. The unscaled value can be computed as this 10^(scale).

Returns
  • unscaled value (this * 10^(scale)).

public static BigDecimal valueOf (long unscaledVal)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal instance whose value is equal to unscaledVal. The scale of the result is 0, and its unscaled value is unscaledVal.

Parameters
unscaledVal value to be converted to a BigDecimal.
Returns
  • BigDecimal instance with the value unscaledVal.

public static BigDecimal valueOf (long unscaledVal, int scale)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal instance whose value is equal to unscaledVal 10^(-scale). The scale of the result is scale, and its unscaled value is unscaledVal.

Parameters
unscaledVal unscaled value to be used to construct the new BigDecimal.
scale scale to be used to construct the new BigDecimal.
Returns
  • BigDecimal instance with the value unscaledVal* 10^(-unscaledVal).

public static BigDecimal valueOf (double val)

Since: API Level 1

Returns a new BigDecimal instance whose value is equal to val. The new decimal is constructed as if the BigDecimal(String) constructor is called with an argument which is equal to Double.toString(val). For example, valueOf("0.1") is converted to (unscaled=1, scale=1), although the double 0.1 cannot be represented exactly as a double value. In contrast to that, a new BigDecimal(0.1) instance has the value 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625 with an unscaled value 1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625 and the scale 55.

Parameters
val double value to be converted to a BigDecimal.
Returns
  • BigDecimal instance with the value val.
Throws
NumberFormatException if val is infinite or val is not a number