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SLAPO_PPOLICY(5) File Formats Manual SLAPO_PPOLICY(5)
slapo-ppolicy - Password Policy overlay to slapd
ETCDIR/slapd.conf
The ppolicy overlay is an implementation of the most recent IETF
Password Policy proposal for LDAP. When instantiated, it
intercepts, decodes and applies specific password policy controls to
overall use of a backend database, changes to user password fields,
etc.
The overlay provides a variety of password control mechanisms. They
include password aging -- both minimum and maximum ages, password
reuse and duplication control, account time-outs, mandatory password
resets, acceptable password content, and even grace logins.
Different groups of users may be associated with different password
policies, and there is no limit to the number of password policies
that may be created.
Note that some of the policies do not take effect when the operation
is performed with the rootdn identity; all the operations, when
performed with any other identity, may be subjected to constraints,
like access control. This overlay requires a rootdn to be configured
on the database.
Note that the IETF Password Policy proposal for LDAP makes sense when
considering a single-valued password attribute, while the
userPassword attribute allows multiple values. This implementation
enforces a single value for the userPassword attribute, despite its
specification.
These slapd.conf configuration options apply to the ppolicy overlay.
They should appear after the overlay directive.
ppolicy_default <policyDN>
Specify the DN of the pwdPolicy object to use when no specific
policy is set on a given user's entry. If there is no specific
policy for an entry and no default is given, then no policies
will be enforced.
ppolicy_forward_updates
Specify that policy state changes that result from Bind
operations (such as recording failures, lockout, etc.) on a
consumer should be forwarded to a master instead of being
written directly into the consumer's local database. This
setting is only useful on a replication consumer, and also
requires the updateref setting and chain overlay to be
appropriately configured.
ppolicy_hash_cleartext
Specify that cleartext passwords present in Add and Modify
requests should be hashed before being stored in the database.
This violates the X.500/LDAP information model, but may be
needed to compensate for LDAP clients that don't use the
Password Modify extended operation to manage passwords. It is
recommended that when this option is used that compare,
search, and read access be denied to all directory users.
ppolicy_use_lockout
A client will always receive an LDAP InvalidCredentials
response when Binding to a locked account. By default, when a
Password Policy control was provided on the Bind request, a
Password Policy response will be included with no special
error code set. This option changes the Password Policy
response to include the AccountLocked error code. Note that
sending the AccountLocked error code provides useful
information to an attacker; sites that are sensitive to
security issues should not enable this option.
The ppolicy overlay depends on the pwdPolicy object class. The
definition of that class is as follows:
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.2.1
NAME 'pwdPolicy'
AUXILIARY
SUP top
MUST ( pwdAttribute )
MAY (
pwdMinAge $ pwdMaxAge $ pwdInHistory $
pwdCheckQuality $ pwdMinLength $
pwdExpireWarning $ pwdGraceAuthnLimit $
pwdLockout $ pwdLockoutDuration $
pwdMaxFailure $ pwdFailureCountInterval $
pwdMustChange $ pwdAllowUserChange $
pwdSafeModify $ pwdMaxRecordedFailure ) )
This implementation also provides an additional pwdPolicyChecker
objectclass, used for password quality checking (see below).
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.4754.2.99.1
NAME 'pwdPolicyChecker'
AUXILIARY
SUP top
MAY ( pwdCheckModule ) )
Every account that should be subject to password policy control
should have a pwdPolicySubentry attribute containing the DN of a
valid pwdPolicy entry, or they can simply use the configured default.
In this way different users may be managed according to different
policies.
Each one of the sections below details the meaning and use of a
particular attribute of this pwdPolicy object class.
pwdAttribute
This attribute contains the name of the attribute to which the
password policy is applied. For example, the password policy may be
applied to the userPassword attribute.
Note: in this implementation, the only value accepted for
pwdAttribute is userPassword .
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.1
NAME 'pwdAttribute'
EQUALITY objectIdentifierMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.38 )
pwdMinAge
This attribute contains the number of seconds that must elapse
between modifications allowed to the password. If this attribute is
not present, zero seconds is assumed (i.e. the password may be
modified whenever and however often is desired).
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.2
NAME 'pwdMinAge'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdMaxAge
This attribute contains the number of seconds after which a modified
password will expire. If this attribute is not present, or if its
value is zero (0), then passwords will not expire.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.3
NAME 'pwdMaxAge'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdInHistory
This attribute is used to specify the maximum number of used
passwords that will be stored in the pwdHistory attribute. If the
pwdInHistory attribute is not present, or if its value is zero (0),
used passwords will not be stored in pwdHistory and thus any
previously-used password may be reused. No history checking occurs
if the password is being modified by the rootdn, although the
password is saved in the history.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.4
NAME 'pwdInHistory'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdCheckQuality
This attribute indicates if and how password syntax will be checked
while a password is being modified or added. If this attribute is not
present, or its value is zero (0), no syntax checking will be done.
If its value is one (1), the server will check the syntax, and if the
server is unable to check the syntax, whether due to a client-side
hashed password or some other reason, it will be accepted. If its
value is two (2), the server will check the syntax, and if the server
is unable to check the syntax it will return an error refusing the
password.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.5
NAME 'pwdCheckQuality'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdMinLength
When syntax checking is enabled (see also the pwdCheckQuality
attribute), this attribute contains the minimum number of characters
that will be accepted in a password. If this attribute is not
present, minimum password length is not enforced. If the server is
unable to check the length of the password, whether due to a client-
side hashed password or some other reason, the server will, depending
on the value of pwdCheckQuality, either accept the password without
checking it (if pwdCheckQuality is zero (0) or one (1)) or refuse it
(if pwdCheckQuality is two (2)).
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.6
NAME 'pwdMinLength'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdExpireWarning
This attribute contains the maximum number of seconds before a
password is due to expire that expiration warning messages will be
returned to a user who is authenticating to the directory. If this
attribute is not present, or if the value is zero (0), no warnings
will be sent.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.7
NAME 'pwdExpireWarning'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdGraceAuthnLimit
This attribute contains the number of times that an expired password
may be used to authenticate a user to the directory. If this
attribute is not present or if its value is zero (0), users with
expired passwords will not be allowed to authenticate to the
directory.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.8
NAME 'pwdGraceAuthnLimit'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdLockout
This attribute specifies the action that should be taken by the
directory when a user has made a number of failed attempts to
authenticate to the directory. If pwdLockout is set (its value is
"TRUE"), the user will not be allowed to attempt to authenticate to
the directory after there have been a specified number of consecutive
failed bind attempts. The maximum number of consecutive failed bind
attempts allowed is specified by the pwdMaxFailure attribute. If
pwdLockout is not present, or if its value is "FALSE", the password
may be used to authenticate no matter how many consecutive failed
bind attempts have been made.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.9
NAME 'pwdLockout'
EQUALITY booleanMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdLockoutDuration
This attribute contains the number of seconds during which the
password cannot be used to authenticate the user to the directory due
to too many consecutive failed bind attempts. (See also pwdLockout
and pwdMaxFailure.) If pwdLockoutDuration is not present, or if its
value is zero (0), the password cannot be used to authenticate the
user to the directory again until it is reset by an administrator.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.10
NAME 'pwdLockoutDuration'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdMaxFailure
This attribute contains the number of consecutive failed bind
attempts after which the password may not be used to authenticate a
user to the directory. If pwdMaxFailure is not present, or its value
is zero (0), then a user will be allowed to continue to attempt to
authenticate to the directory, no matter how many consecutive failed
bind attempts have occurred with that user's DN. (See also
pwdLockout and pwdLockoutDuration.)
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.11
NAME 'pwdMaxFailure'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdMaxRecordedFailure
This attribute contains the maximum number of failed bind attempts to
store in a user's entry. If pwdMaxRecordedFailure is not present, or
its value is zero (0), then it defaults to the value of
pwdMaxFailure. If that value is also 0, the default is 5.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.16
NAME 'pwdMaxRecordedFailure'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdFailureCountInterval
This attribute contains the number of seconds after which old
consecutive failed bind attempts are purged from the failure counter,
even though no successful authentication has occurred. If
pwdFailureCountInterval is not present, or its value is zero (0), the
failure counter will only be reset by a successful authentication.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.12
NAME 'pwdFailureCountInterval'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdMustChange
This attribute specifies whether users must change their passwords
when they first bind to the directory after a password is set or
reset by the administrator, or not. If pwdMustChange has a value of
"TRUE", users must change their passwords when they first bind to the
directory after a password is set or reset by the administrator. If
pwdMustChange is not present, or its value is "FALSE", users are not
required to change their password upon binding after the
administrator sets or resets the password.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.13
NAME 'pwdMustChange'
EQUALITY booleanMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdAllowUserChange
This attribute specifies whether users are allowed to change their
own passwords or not. If pwdAllowUserChange is set to "TRUE", or if
the attribute is not present, users will be allowed to change their
own passwords. If its value is "FALSE", users will not be allowed to
change their own passwords.
Note: this implies that when pwdAllowUserChange is set to "TRUE",
users will still be able to change the password of another user,
subjected to access control. This restriction only applies to
modifications of ones's own password. It should also be noted that
pwdAllowUserChange was defined in the specification to provide rough
access control to the password attribute in implementations that do
not allow fine-grain access control. Since OpenLDAP provides fine-
grain access control, the use of this attribute is discouraged; ACLs
should be used instead (see slapd.access(5) for details).
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.14
NAME 'pwdAllowUserChange'
EQUALITY booleanMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdSafeModify
This attribute denotes whether the user's existing password must be
sent along with their new password when changing a password. If
pwdSafeModify is set to "TRUE", the existing password must be sent
along with the new password. If the attribute is not present, or its
value is "FALSE", the existing password need not be sent along with
the new password.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.15
NAME 'pwdSafeModify'
EQUALITY booleanMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdCheckModule
This attribute names a user-defined loadable module that must
instantiate the check_password() function. This function will be
called to further check a new password if pwdCheckQuality is set to
one (1) or two (2), after all of the built-in password compliance
checks have been passed. This function will be called according to
this function prototype:
int check_password (char *pPasswd, char **ppErrStr, Entry
*pEntry);
The pPasswd parameter contains the clear-text user password, the
ppErrStr parameter contains a double pointer that allows the function
to return human-readable details about any error it encounters. The
optional pEntry parameter, if non-NULL, carries a pointer to the
entry whose password is being checked. If ppErrStr is NULL, then
funcName must NOT attempt to use it/them. A return value of
LDAP_SUCCESS from the called function indicates that the password is
ok, any other value indicates that the password is unacceptable. If
the password is unacceptable, the server will return an error to the
client, and ppErrStr may be used to return a human-readable textual
explanation of the error. The error string must be dynamically
allocated as it will be free()'d by slapd.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.4754.1.99.1
NAME 'pwdCheckModule'
EQUALITY caseExactIA5Match
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26
SINGLE-VALUE )
Note: The user-defined loadable module named by pwdCheckModule must
be in slapd's standard executable search PATH.
Note: pwdCheckModule is a non-standard extension to the LDAP password
policy proposal.
The operational attributes used by the ppolicy module are stored in
the user's entry. Most of these attributes are not intended to be
changed directly by users; they are there to track user activity.
They have been detailed here so that administrators and users can
both understand the workings of the ppolicy module.
Note that the current IETF Password Policy proposal does not define
how these operational attributes are expected to behave in a
replication environment. In general, authentication attempts on a
slave server only affect the copy of the operational attributes on
that slave and will not affect any attributes for a user's entry on
the master server. Operational attribute changes resulting from
authentication attempts on a master server will usually replicate to
the slaves (and also overwrite any changes that originated on the
slave). These behaviors are not guaranteed and are subject to change
when a formal specification emerges.
userPassword
The userPassword attribute is not strictly part of the ppolicy
module. It is, however, the attribute that is tracked and controlled
by the module. Please refer to the standard OpenLDAP schema for its
definition.
pwdPolicySubentry
This attribute refers directly to the pwdPolicy subentry that is to
be used for this particular directory user. If pwdPolicySubentry
exists, it must contain the DN of a valid pwdPolicy object. If it
does not exist, the ppolicy module will enforce the default password
policy rules on the user associated with this authenticating DN. If
there is no default, or the referenced subentry does not exist, then
no policy rules will be enforced.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.23
NAME 'pwdPolicySubentry'
DESC 'The pwdPolicy subentry in effect for
this object'
EQUALITY distinguishedNameMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.12
SINGLE-VALUE
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation)
pwdChangedTime
This attribute denotes the last time that the entry's password was
changed. This value is used by the password expiration policy to
determine whether the password is too old to be allowed to be used
for user authentication. If pwdChangedTime does not exist, the
user's password will not expire.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.16
NAME 'pwdChangedTime'
DESC 'The time the password was last changed'
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
SINGLE-VALUE
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation)
pwdAccountLockedTime
This attribute contains the time that the user's account was locked.
If the account has been locked, the password may no longer be used to
authenticate the user to the directory. If pwdAccountLockedTime is
set to 000001010000Z, the user's account has been permanently locked
and may only be unlocked by an administrator. Note that account
locking only takes effect when the pwdLockout password policy
attribute is set to "TRUE".
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.17
NAME 'pwdAccountLockedTime'
DESC 'The time an user account was locked'
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
SINGLE-VALUE
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation)
pwdFailureTime
This attribute contains the timestamps of each of the consecutive
authentication failures made upon attempted authentication to this DN
(i.e. account). If too many timestamps accumulate here (refer to the
pwdMaxFailure password policy attribute for details), and the
pwdLockout password policy attribute is set to "TRUE", the account
may be locked. (Please also refer to the pwdLockout password policy
attribute.) Excess timestamps beyond those allowed by pwdMaxFailure
or pwdMaxRecordedFailure may also be purged. If a successful
authentication is made to this DN (i.e. to this user account), then
pwdFailureTime will be cleansed of entries.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.19
NAME 'pwdFailureTime'
DESC 'The timestamps of the last consecutive
authentication failures'
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation )
pwdHistory
This attribute contains the history of previously used passwords for
this DN (i.e. for this user account). The values of this attribute
are stored in string format as follows:
pwdHistory=
time "#" syntaxOID "#" length "#" data
time=
GeneralizedTime as specified in section 3.3.13 of [RFC4517]
syntaxOID = numericoid
This is the string representation of the dotted-decimal OID
that defines the syntax used to store the password.
numericoid is described in section 1.4 of [RFC4512].
length = NumericString
The number of octets in the data. NumericString is described
in section 3.3.23 of [RFC4517].
data =
Octets representing the password in the format specified by
syntaxOID.
This format allows the server to store and transmit a history of
passwords that have been used. In order for equality matching on the
values in this attribute to function properly, the time field is in
GMT format.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.20
NAME 'pwdHistory'
DESC 'The history of user passwords'
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.40
EQUALITY octetStringMatch
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation)
pwdGraceUseTime This attribute contains the list of timestamps of
logins made after the user password in the DN has expired. These
post-expiration logins are known as "grace logins". If too many
grace logins have been used (please refer to the pwdGraceLoginLimit
password policy attribute), then the DN will no longer be allowed to
be used to authenticate the user to the directory until the
administrator changes the DN's userPassword attribute.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.21
NAME 'pwdGraceUseTime'
DESC 'The timestamps of the grace login once the password has
expired'
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation)
pwdReset
This attribute indicates whether the user's password has been reset
by the administrator and thus must be changed upon first use of this
DN for authentication to the directory. If pwdReset is set to
"TRUE", then the password was reset and the user must change it upon
first authentication. If the attribute does not exist, or is set to
"FALSE", the user need not change their password due to
administrative reset.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.22
NAME 'pwdReset'
DESC 'The indication that the password has
been reset'
EQUALITY booleanMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
SINGLE-VALUE
USAGE directoryOperation)
database mdb
suffix dc=example,dc=com
...
overlay ppolicy
ppolicy_default "cn=Standard,ou=Policies,dc=example,dc=com"
ldap(3), slapd.conf(5), slapd-config(5), slapo-chain(5).
"OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide" (http://www.OpenLDAP.org/doc/admin/)
IETF LDAP password policy proposal by P. Behera, L. Poitou and J.
Sermersheim: documented in IETF document "draft-behera-ldap-
password-policy-09.txt".
The LDAP Password Policy specification is not yet an approved
standard, and it is still evolving. This code will continue to be in
flux until the specification is finalized.
This module was written in 2004 by Howard Chu of Symas Corporation
with significant input from Neil Dunbar and Kartik Subbarao of
Hewlett-Packard.
This manual page borrows heavily and shamelessly from the
specification upon which the password policy module it describes is
based. This source is the IETF LDAP password policy proposal by P.
Behera, L. Poitou and J. Sermersheim. The proposal is fully
documented in the IETF document named draft-behera-ldap-password-
policy-09.txt, written in July of 2005.
OpenLDAP Software is developed and maintained by The OpenLDAP Project
<http://www.openldap.org/>. OpenLDAP Software is derived from the
University of Michigan LDAP 3.3 Release.
This page is part of the OpenLDAP (an open source implementation of
the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) project. Information
about the project can be found at ⟨http://www.openldap.org/⟩. If you
have a bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.openldap.org/its/⟩. This page was obtained from the
project's upstream Git repository
⟨git://git.openldap.org/openldap.git⟩ on 2017-07-05. If you discover
any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you
believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or
you have corrections or improvements to the information in this
COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail
to man-pages@man7.org
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