PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | EXAMPLES | APPLICATION USAGE | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT

EXPM1(3P)                 POSIX Programmer's Manual                EXPM1(3P)

PROLOG         top

       This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
       corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
       the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME         top

       expm1, expm1f, expm1l — compute exponential functions

SYNOPSIS         top

       #include <math.h>
       double expm1(double x);
       float expm1f(float x);
       long double expm1l(long double x);

DESCRIPTION         top

       The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with
       the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described
       here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This volume of
       POSIX.1‐2008 defers to the ISO C standard.
       These functions shall compute ex−1.0.
       An application wishing to check for error situations should set errno
       to zero and call feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) before calling these
       functions. On return, if errno is non-zero or fetestexcept(FE_INVALID
       | FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error
       has occurred.

RETURN VALUE         top

       Upon successful completion, these functions return ex−1.0.
       If the correct value would cause overflow, a range error shall occur
       and expm1(), expm1f(), and expm1l() shall return the value of the
       macro HUGE_VAL, HUGE_VALF, and HUGE_VALL, respectively.
       If x is NaN, a NaN shall be returned.
       If x is ±0, ±0 shall be returned.
       If x is −Inf, −1 shall be returned.
       If x is +Inf, x shall be returned.
       If x is subnormal, a range error may occur
       and x should be returned.
       If x is not returned, expm1(), expm1f(), and expm1l() shall return an
       implementation-defined value no greater in magnitude than DBL_MIN,
       FLT_MIN, and LDBL_MIN, respectively.

ERRORS         top

       These functions shall fail if:
       Range Error The result overflows.
                   If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO)
                   is non-zero, then errno shall be set to [ERANGE].  If the
                   integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is
                   non-zero, then the overflow floating-point exception
                   shall be raised.
       These functions may fail if:
       Range Error The value of x is subnormal.
                   If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO)
                   is non-zero, then errno shall be set to [ERANGE].  If the
                   integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is
                   non-zero, then the underflow floating-point exception
                   shall be raised.
       The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES         top

       None.

APPLICATION USAGE         top

       The value of expm1(x) may be more accurate than exp(x)−1.0 for small
       values of x.
       The expm1() and log1p() functions are useful for financial
       calculations of ((1+x)n−1)/x, namely:
           expm1(n * log1p(x))/x
       when x is very small (for example, when calculating small daily
       interest rates). These functions also simplify writing accurate
       inverse hyperbolic functions.
       For IEEE Std 754‐1985 double, 709.8 < x implies expm1(x) has
       overflowed.
       On error, the expressions (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) and
       (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) are independent of each other,
       but at least one of them must be non-zero.

RATIONALE         top

       None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS         top

       None.

SEE ALSO         top

       exp(3p), feclearexcept(3p), fetestexcept(3p), ilogb(3p), log1p(3p)
       The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 4.19, Treatment
       of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions, math.h(0p)

COPYRIGHT         top

       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information
       Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open
       Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the
       Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open
       Group.  (This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1
       applied.) In the event of any discrepancy between this version and
       the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and
       The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original
       Standard can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .
       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
       most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the
       source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group                 2013                           EXPM1(3P)

Pages that refer to this page: math.h(0p)