PCP-ATOP(1) General Commands Manual PCP-ATOP(1)
pcp-atop, pmatop - Advanced System and Process Monitor
Interactive Usage:
pcp [pcp options] atop [-g|-m|-d|-n|-u|-p|-s|-c|-v|-o|-y]
[-C|-M|-D|-N|-A] [-afFG1xR] [-L linelen] [-Plabel[,label]...]
[interval [samples]]
Writing and reading raw logfiles:
pcp atop -w rawfile [-a] [-S] [interval [samples]]
pcp atop -r [ rawfile ] [-b hh:mm ] [-e hh:mm ]
[-g|-m|-d|-n|-u|-p|-s|-c|-v|-o|-y] [-C|-M|-D|-N|-A] [-fFG1xR] [-L
linelen] [-Plabel[,label]...]
The program pcp-atop is an interactive monitor to view various
aspects of load on a system. It shows the occupation of the most
critical hardware resources (from a performance point of view) on
system level, i.e. cpu, memory, disk and network.
It also shows which processes are responsible for the indicated load
with respect to cpu and memory load on process level. Disk load is
shown per process if "storage accounting" is active in the kernel.
Every interval (default: 10 seconds) information is shown about the
resource occupation on system level (cpu, memory, disks and network
layers), followed by a list of processes which have been active
during the last interval (note that all processes that were unchanged
during the last interval are not shown, unless the key 'a' has been
pressed). If the list of active processes does not entirely fit on
the screen, only the top of the list is shown (sorted in order of
activity).
The intervals are repeated till the number of samples (specified as
command argument) is reached, or till the key 'q' is pressed in
interactive mode.
When invoked via the pcp(1) command, the PCPIntro(1) options
-h/--host, -a/--archive, -O/--origin, -s/--samples, -t/--interval,
-Z/--timezone and several other pcp options become indirectly
available.
When pcp-atop is started, it checks whether the standard output
channel is connected to a screen, or to a file/pipe. In the first
case it produces screen control codes (via the ncurses library) and
behaves interactively; in the second case it produces flat ASCII-
output.
In interactive mode, the output of pcp-atop scales dynamically to the
current dimensions of the screen/window.
If the window is resized horizontally, columns will be added or
removed automatically. For this purpose, every column has a
particular weight. The columns with the highest weights that fit
within the current width will be shown.
If the window is resized vertically, lines of the process/thread list
will be added or removed automatically.
Furthermore in interactive mode the output of pcp-atop can be
controlled by pressing particular keys. However it is also possible
to specify such key as flag on the command line. In that case pcp-
atop switches to the indicated mode on beforehand; this mode can be
modified again interactively. Specifying such key as flag is
especially useful when running pcp-atop with output to a pipe or file
(non-interactively). These flags are the same as the keys that can
be pressed in interactive mode (see section INTERACTIVE COMMANDS).
Additional flags are available to support storage of pcp-atop data in
PCP archive format (see section PCP DATA STORAGE).
For the resource consumption on system level, pcp-atop uses colors to
indicate that a critical occupation percentage has been (almost)
reached. A critical occupation percentage means that is likely that
this load causes a noticeable negative performance influence for
applications using this resource. The critical percentage depends on
the type of resource: e.g. the performance influence of a disk with a
busy percentage of 80% might be more noticeable for applications/user
than a CPU with a busy percentage of 90%.
Currently pcp-atop uses the following default values to calculate a
weighted percentage per resource:
Processor
A busy percentage of 90% or higher is considered `critical'.
Disk
A busy percentage of 70% or higher is considered `critical'.
Network
A busy percentage of 90% or higher for the load of an interface
is considered `critical'.
Memory
An occupation percentage of 90% is considered `critical'.
Notice that this occupation percentage is the accumulated memory
consumption of the kernel (including slab) and all processes;
the memory for the page cache (`cache' and `buff' in the MEM-
line) and the reclaimable part of the slab (`slrec`) is not
implied!
If the number of pages swapped out (`swout' in the PAG-line) is
larger than 10 per second, the memory resource is considered
`critical'. A value of at least 1 per second is considered
`almost critical'.
If the committed virtual memory exceeds the limit (`vmcom' and
`vmlim' in the SWP-line), the SWP-line is colored due to
overcommitting the system.
Swap
An occupation percentage of 80% is considered `critical' because
swap space might be completely exhausted in the near future; it
is not critical from a performance point-of-view.
These default values can be modified in the configuration file (see
separate man-page of pcp-atoprc).
When a resource exceeds its critical occupation percentage, the
concerning values in the screen line are colored red by default.
When a resource exceeded (default) 80% of its critical percentage (so
it is almost critical), the concerning values in the screen line are
colored cyan by default. This `almost critical percentage' (one value
for all resources) can be modified in the configuration file (see
separate man-page of pcp-atoprc).
The default colors red and cyan can be modified in the configuration
file as well (see separate man-page of pcp-atoprc).
With the key 'x' (or flag -x), the use of colors can be suppressed.
When running pcp-atop interactively (no output redirection), keys can
be pressed to control the output. In general, lower case keys can be
used to show other information for the active processes and upper
case keys can be used to influence the sort order of the active
process/thread list.
g Show generic output (default).
Per process the following fields are shown in case of a window-
width of 80 positions: process-id, cpu consumption during the
last interval in system and user mode, the virtual and resident
memory growth of the process.
The subsequent columns depend on the used kernel:
When the kernel supports "storage accounting" (>= 2.6.20), the
data transfer for read/write on disk, the status and exit code
are shown for each process. When the kernel does not support
"storage accounting", the username, number of threads in the
thread group, the status and exit code are shown.
The last columns contain the state, the occupation percentage
for the chosen resource (default: cpu) and the process name.
When more than 80 positions are available, other information is
added.
m Show memory related output.
Per process the following fields are shown in case of a window-
width of 80 positions: process-id, minor and major memory
faults, size of virtual shared text, total virtual process size,
total resident process size, virtual and resident growth during
last interval, memory occupation percentage and process name.
When more than 80 positions are available, other information is
added.
d Show disk-related output.
When "storage accounting" is active in the kernel, the following
fields are shown: process-id, amount of data read from disk,
amount of data written to disk, amount of data that was written
but has been withdrawn again (WCANCL), disk occupation
percentage and process name.
s Show scheduling characteristics.
Per process the following fields are shown in case of a window-
width of 80 positions: process-id, number of threads in state
'running' (R), number of threads in state 'interruptible
sleeping' (S), number of threads in state 'uninterruptible
sleeping' (D), scheduling policy (normal timesharing, realtime
round-robin, realtime fifo), nice value, priority, realtime
priority, current processor, status, exit code, state, the
occupation percentage for the chosen resource and the process
name.
When more than 80 positions are available, other information is
added.
v Show various process characteristics.
Per process the following fields are shown in case of a window-
width of 80 positions: process-id, user name and group, start
date and time, status (e.g. exit code if the process has
finished), state, the occupation percentage for the chosen
resource and the process name.
When more than 80 positions are available, other information is
added.
c Show the command line of the process.
Per process the following fields are shown: process-id, the
occupation percentage for the chosen resource and the command
line including arguments.
o Show the user-defined line of the process.
In the configuration file the keyword ownprocline can be
specified with the description of a user-defined output-line.
Refer to the man-page of pcp-atoprc for a detailed description.
y Show the individual threads within a process (toggle).
Single-threaded processes are still shown as one line.
For multi-threaded processes, one line represents the process
while additional lines show the activity per individual thread
(in a different color). Depending on the option 'a' (all or
active toggle), all threads are shown or only the threads that
were active during the last interval.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
u Show the process activity accumulated per user.
Per user the following fields are shown: number of processes
active or terminated during last interval (or in total if
combined with command `a'), accumulated cpu consumption during
last interval in system and user mode, the current virtual and
resident memory space consumed by active processes (or all
processes of the user if combined with command `a').
When "storage accounting" is active in the kernel, the
accumulated read and write throughput on disk is shown. When
the kernel module `netatop' has been installed, the number of
received and sent network packets are shown.
The last columns contain the accumulated occupation percentage
for the chosen resource (default: cpu) and the user name.
p Show the process activity accumulated per program (i.e. process
name).
Per program the following fields are shown: number of processes
active or terminated during last interval (or in total if
combined with command `a'), accumulated cpu consumption during
last interval in system and user mode, the current virtual and
resident memory space consumed by active processes (or all
processes of the user if combined with command `a').
When "storage accounting" is active in the kernel, the
accumulated read and write throughput on disk is shown. When
the kernel module `netatop' has been installed, the number of
received and sent network packets are shown.
The last columns contain the accumulated occupation percentage
for the chosen resource (default: cpu) and the program name.
C Sort the current list in the order of cpu consumption (default).
The one-but-last column changes to ``CPU''.
M Sort the current list in the order of resident memory
consumption. The one-but-last column changes to ``MEM''.
D Sort the current list in the order of disk accesses issued. The
one-but-last column changes to ``DSK''.
N Sort the current list in the order of network bandwidth
(received and transmitted). The one-but-last column changes to
``NET''.
A Sort the current list automatically in the order of the most
busy system resource during this interval. The one-but-last
column shows either ``ACPU'', ``AMEM'', ``ADSK'' or ``ANET''
(the preceding 'A' indicates automatic sorting-order). The most
busy resource is determined by comparing the weighted busy-
percentages of the system resources, as described earlier in the
section COLORS.
This option remains valid until another sorting-order is
explicitly selected again.
A sorting-order for disk is only possible when "storage
accounting" is active. A sorting-order for network is only
possible when the kernel module `netatop' is loaded.
Miscellaneous interactive commands:
? Request for help information (also the key 'h' can be pressed).
V Request for version information (version number and date).
R Gather and calculate the proportional set size of processes
(toggle). Gathering of all values that are needed to calculate
the PSIZE of a process is a relatively time-consuming task, so
this key should only be active when analyzing the resident
memory consumption of processes.
x Suppress colors to highlight critical resources (toggle).
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
z The pause key can be used to freeze the current situation in
order to investigate the output on the screen. While pcp-atop is
paused, the keys described above can be pressed to show other
information about the current list of processes. Whenever the
pause key is pressed again, pcp-atop will continue with a next
sample.
i Modify the interval timer (default: 10 seconds). If an interval
timer of 0 is entered, the interval timer is switched off. In
that case a new sample can only be triggered manually by
pressing the key 't'.
t Trigger a new sample manually. This key can be pressed if the
current sample should be finished before the timer has exceeded,
or if no timer is set at all (interval timer defined as 0). In
the latter case pcp-atop can be used as a stopwatch to measure
the load being caused by a particular application transaction,
without knowing on beforehand how many seconds this transaction
will last.
When viewing the contents of a raw file, this key can be used to
show the next sample from the file.
T When viewing the contents of a raw file, this key can be used to
show the previous sample from the file.
b When viewing the contents of a raw file, this key can be used to
branch to a certain timestamp within the file (either forward or
backward).
r Reset all counters to zero to see the system and process
activity since boot again.
When viewing the contents of a raw file, this key can be used to
rewind to the beginning of the file again.
U Specify a search string for specific user names as a regular
expression. From now on, only (active) processes will be shown
from a user which matches the regular expression. The system
statistics are still system wide. If the Enter-key is pressed
without specifying a name, (active) processes of all users will
be shown again.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
I Specify a list with one or more PIDs to be selected. From now
on, only processes will be shown with a PID which matches one of
the given list. The system statistics are still system wide.
If the Enter-key is pressed without specifying a PID, all
(active) processes will be shown again.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
P Specify a search string for specific process names as a regular
expression. From now on, only processes will be shown with a
name which matches the regular expression. The system
statistics are still system wide. If the Enter-key is pressed
without specifying a name, all (active) processes will be shown
again.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
/ Specify a specific command line search string as a regular
expression. From now on, only processes will be shown with a
command line which matches the regular expression. The system
statistics are still system wide. If the Enter-key is pressed
without specifying a string, all (active) processes will be
shown again.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
S Specify search strings for specific logical volume names,
specific disk names and specific network interface names. All
search strings are interpreted as a regular expressions. From
now on, only those system resources are shown that match the
concerning regular expression. If the Enter-key is pressed
without specifying a search string, all (active) system
resources of that type will be shown again.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
a The `all/active' key can be used to toggle between only
showing/accumulating the processes that were active during the
last interval (default) or showing/accumulating all processes.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
G By default, pcp-atop shows/accumulates the processes that are
alive and the processes that are exited during the last
interval. With this key (toggle), showing/accumulating the
processes that are exited can be suppressed.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
f Show a fixed (maximum) number of header lines for system
resources (toggle). By default only the lines are shown about
system resources (CPUs, paging, logical volumes, disks, network
interfaces) that really have been active during the last
interval. With this key you can force pcp-atop to show lines of
inactive resources as well.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
F Suppress sorting of system resources (toggle). By default
system resources (CPUs, logical volumes, disks, network
interfaces) are sorted on utilization.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
1 Show relevant counters as an average per second (in the format
`..../s') instead of as a total during the interval (toggle).
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header
line.
l Limit the number of system level lines for the counters per-cpu,
the active disks and the network interfaces. By default lines
are shown of all CPUs, disks and network interfaces which have
been active during the last interval. Limiting these lines can
be useful on systems with huge number CPUs, disks or interfaces
in order to be able to run pcp-atop on a screen/window with e.g.
only 24 lines.
For all mentioned resources the maximum number of lines can be
specified interactively. When using the flag -l the maximum
number of per-cpu lines is set to 0, the maximum number of disk
lines to 5 and the maximum number of interface lines to 3.
These values can be modified again in interactive mode.
k Send a signal to an active process (a.k.a. kill a process).
q Quit the program.
PgDn Show the next page of the process/thread list.
With the arrow-down key the list can be scrolled downwards with
single lines.
^F Show the next page of the process/thread list (forward).
With the arrow-down key the list can be scrolled downwards with
single lines.
PgUp Show the previous page of the process/thread list.
With the arrow-up key the list can be scrolled upwards with
single lines.
^B Show the previous page of the process/thread list (backward).
With the arrow-up key the list can be scrolled upwards with
single lines.
^L Redraw the screen.
In order to store system and process level statistics for long-term
analysis (e.g. to check the system load and the active processes
running yesterday between 3:00 and 4:00 PM), pcp-atop can store the
system and process level statistics in the PCP archive format, as an
archive folio (see mkaf(1)).
By default only processes which have been active during the interval
are stored in the raw file. When the flag -a is specified, all
processes will be stored.
The interval (default: 10 seconds) and number of samples (default:
infinite) can be passed as last arguments. Instead of the number of
samples, the flag -S can be used to indicate that pcp-atop should
finish anyhow before midnight.
A PCP archive can be read and visualized again with the flag -r .
The argument is a comma-separated list of names, each of which may be
the base name of an archive or the name of a directory containing one
or more archives. If no argument is specified, the file
$PCP_LOG_DIR/pmlogger/HOST/YYYYMMDD is opened for input (where
YYYYMMDD are digits representing the current date, and HOST is the
hostname of the machine being logged). If a filename is specified in
the format YYYYMMDD (representing any valid date), the file
$PCP_LOG_DIR/pmlogger/HOST/YYYYMMDD is opened. If a filename with
the symbolic name y is specified, yesterday's daily logfile is opened
(this can be repeated so 'yyyy' indicates the logfile of four days
ago).
The samples from the file can be viewed interactively by using the
key 't' to show the next sample, the key 'T' to show the previous
sample, the key 'b' to branch to a particular time or the key 'r' to
rewind to the begin of the file.
When output is redirected to a file or pipe, pcp-atop prints all
samples in plain ASCII. The default line length is 80 characters in
that case; with the flag -L followed by an alternate line length,
more (or less) columns will be shown.
With the flag -b (begin time) and/or -e (end time) followed by a time
argument of the form HH:MM, a certain time period within the raw file
can be selected.
The first sample shows the system level activity since boot (the
elapsed time in the header shows the time since boot). Note that
particular counters could have reached their maximum value (several
times) and started by zero again, so do not rely on these figures.
For every sample pcp-atop first shows the lines related to system
level activity. If a particular system resource has not been used
during the interval, the entire line related to this resource is
suppressed. So the number of system level lines may vary for each
sample.
After that a list is shown of processes which have been active during
the last interval. This list is by default sorted on cpu consumption,
but this order can be changed by the keys which are previously
described.
If values have to be shown by pcp-atop which do not fit in the column
width, another format is used. If e.g. a cpu-consumption of 233216
milliseconds should be shown in a column width of 4 positions, it is
shown as `233s' (in seconds). For large memory figures, another unit
is chosen if the value does not fit (Mb instead of Kb, Gb instead of
Mb, Tb instead of Gb, ...). For other values, a kind of exponent
notation is used (value 123456789 shown in a column of 5 positions
gives 123e6).
The system level information consists of the following output lines:
PRC Process and thread level totals.
This line contains the total cpu time consumed in system mode
(`sys') and in user mode (`user'), the total number of processes
present at this moment (`#proc'), the total number of threads
present at this moment in state `running' (`#trun'), `sleeping
interruptible' (`#tslpi') and `sleeping uninterruptible'
(`#tslpu'), the number of zombie processes (`#zombie'), the
number of clone system calls (`clones'), and the number of
processes that ended during the interval (`#exit') when process
accounting is used. Instead of `#exit` the last column may
indicate that process accounting could not be activated (`no
procacct`).
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a
relevant subset is shown.
CPU CPU utilization.
At least one line is shown for the total occupation of all CPUs
together.
In case of a multi-processor system, an additional line is shown
for every individual processor (with `cpu' in lower case),
sorted on activity. Inactive CPUs will not be shown by default.
The lines showing the per-cpu occupation contain the cpu number
in the last field.
Every line contains the percentage of cpu time spent in kernel
mode by all active processes (`sys'), the percentage of cpu time
consumed in user mode (`user') for all active processes
(including processes running with a nice value larger than
zero), the percentage of cpu time spent for interrupt handling
(`irq') including softirq, the percentage of unused cpu time
while no processes were waiting for disk-I/O (`idle'), and the
percentage of unused cpu time while at least one process was
waiting for disk-I/O (`wait').
In case of per-cpu occupation, the last column shows the cpu
number and the wait percentage (`w') for that cpu. The number
of lines showing the per-cpu occupation can be limited.
For virtual machines the steal-percentage is shown (`steal'),
reflecting the percentage of cpu time stolen by other virtual
machines running on the same hardware.
For physical machines hosting one or more virtual machines, the
guest-percentage is shown (`guest'), reflecting the percentage
of cpu time used by the virtual machines. Notice that this
percentage overlaps the user-percentage.
In case of frequency-scaling, all previously mentioned CPU-
percentages are relative to the used scaling of the CPU during
the interval. If a CPU has been active for e.g. 50% in user
mode during the interval while the frequency-scaling of that CPU
was 40%, only 20% of the full capacity of the CPU has been used
in user mode.
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a
relevant subset is shown.
CPL CPU load information.
This line contains the load average figures reflecting the
number of threads that are available to run on a CPU (i.e. part
of the runqueue) or that are waiting for disk I/O. These figures
are averaged over 1 (`avg1'), 5 (`avg5') and 15 (`avg15')
minutes.
Furthermore the number of context switches (`csw'), the number
of serviced interrupts (`intr') and the number of available CPUs
are shown.
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a
relevant subset is shown.
MEM Memory occupation.
This line contains the total amount of physical memory (`tot'),
the amount of memory which is currently free (`free'), the
amount of memory in use as page cache including the total
resident shared memory (`cache'), the amount of memory within
the page cache that has to be flushed to disk (`dirty'), the
amount of memory used for filesystem meta data (`buff'), the
amount of memory being used for kernel mallocs (`slab'), the
amount of slab memory that is reclaimable (`slrec'), the
resident size of shared memory including tmpfs (`shmem`), the
resident size of shared memory (`shrss`) the amount of shared
memory that is currently swapped (`shswp`), the amount of memory
that is currently claimed by vmware's balloon driver (`vmbal`),
the amount of memory that is claimed for huge pages (`hptot`),
and the amount of huge page memory that is really in use
(`hpuse`).
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a
relevant subset is shown.
SWP Swap occupation and overcommit info.
This line contains the total amount of swap space on disk
(`tot') and the amount of free swap space (`free').
Furthermore the committed virtual memory space (`vmcom') and the
maximum limit of the committed space (`vmlim', which is by
default swap size plus 50% of memory size) is shown. The
committed space is the reserved virtual space for all
allocations of private memory space for processes. The kernel
only verifies whether the committed space exceeds the limit if
strict overcommit handling is configured (vm.overcommit_memory
is 2).
PAG Paging frequency.
This line contains the number of scanned pages (`scan') due to
the fact that free memory drops below a particular threshold and
the number times that the kernel tries to reclaim pages due to
an urgent need (`stall').
Also the number of memory pages the system read from swap space
(`swin') and the number of memory pages the system wrote to swap
space (`swout') are shown.
LVM/MDD/DSK
Logical volume/multiple device/disk utilization.
Per active unit one line is produced, sorted on unit activity.
Such line shows the name (e.g. VolGroup00-lvtmp for a logical
volume or sda for a hard disk), the busy percentage i.e. the
portion of time that the unit was busy handling requests
(`busy'), the number of read requests issued (`read'), the
number of write requests issued (`write'), the number of KiBytes
per read (`KiB/r'), the number of KiBytes per write (`KiB/w'),
the number of MiBytes per second throughput for reads (`MBr/s'),
the number of MiBytes per second throughput for writes
(`MBw/s'), the average queue depth (`avq') and the average
number of milliseconds needed by a request (`avio') for seek,
latency and data transfer.
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a
relevant subset is shown.
The number of lines showing the units can be limited per class
(LVM, MDD or DSK) with the 'l' key or statically (see separate
man-page of pcp-atoprc(5)). By specifying the value 0 for a
particular class, no lines will be shown any more for that
class.
NFM Network Filesystem (NFS) mount at the client side.
For each NFS-mounted filesystem, a line is shown that contains
the mounted server directory, the name of the server (`srv'),
the total number of bytes physically read from the server
(`read') and the total number of bytes physically written to the
server (`write'). Data transfer is subdivided in the number of
bytes read via normal read() system calls (`nread'), the number
of bytes written via normal read() system calls (`nwrit'), the
number of bytes read via direct I/O (`dread'), the number of
bytes written via direct I/O (`dwrit'), the number of bytes read
via memory mapped I/O pages (`mread'), and the number of bytes
written via memory mapped I/O pages (`mwrit').
NFC Network Filesystem (NFS) client side counters.
This line contains the number of RPC calls issues by local
processes (`rpc'), the number of read RPC calls (`read`) and
write RPC calls (`rpwrite') issued to the NFS server, the number
of RPC calls being retransmitted (`retxmit') and the number of
authorization refreshes (`autref').
NFS Network Filesystem (NFS) server side counters.
This line contains the number of RPC calls received from NFS
clients (`rpc'), the number of read RPC calls received
(`cread`), the number of write RPC calls received (`cwrit'), the
number of network requests handled via TCP (`nettcp'), the
number of network requests handled via UDP (`netudp'), the
number of Megabytes/second returned to read requests by clients
(`MBcr/s`), the number of Megabytes/second passed in write
requests by clients (`MBcw/s`), the number of reply cache hits
(`rchits'), the number of reply cache misses (`rcmiss') and the
number of uncached requests (`rcnoca'). Furthermore some error
counters indicating the number of requests with a bad format
(`badfmt') or a bad authorization (`badaut'), and a counter
indicating the number of bad clients (`badcln'). and the number
of authorization refreshes (`autref').
NET Network utilization (TCP/IP).
One line is shown for activity of the transport layer (TCP and
UDP), one line for the IP layer and one line per active
interface.
For the transport layer, counters are shown concerning the
number of received TCP segments including those received in
error (`tcpi'), the number of transmitted TCP segments excluding
those containing only retransmitted octets (`tcpo'), the number
of UDP datagrams received (`udpi'), the number of UDP datagrams
transmitted (`udpo'), the number of active TCP opens (`tcpao'),
the number of passive TCP opens (`tcppo'), the number of TCP
output retransmissions (`tcprs'), the number of TCP input errors
(`tcpie'), the number of TCP output resets (`tcpor'), the number
of UDP no ports (`udpnp'), and the number of UDP input errors
(`udpie').
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a
relevant subset is shown.
These counters are related to IPv4 and IPv6 combined.
For the IP layer, counters are shown concerning the number of IP
datagrams received from interfaces, including those received in
error (`ipi'), the number of IP datagrams that local higher-
layer protocols offered for transmission (`ipo'), the number of
received IP datagrams which were forwarded to other interfaces
(`ipfrw'), the number of IP datagrams which were delivered to
local higher-layer protocols (`deliv'), the number of received
ICMP datagrams (`icmpi'), and the number of transmitted ICMP
datagrams (`icmpo').
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a
relevant subset is shown.
These counters are related to IPv4 and IPv6 combined.
For every active network interface one line is shown, sorted on
the interface activity. Such line shows the name of the
interface and its busy percentage in the first column. The busy
percentage for half duplex is determined by comparing the
interface speed with the number of bits transmitted and received
per second; for full duplex the interface speed is compared with
the highest of either the transmitted or the received bits.
When the interface speed can not be determined (e.g. for the
loopback interface), `---' is shown instead of the percentage.
Furthermore the number of received packets (`pcki'), the number
of transmitted packets (`pcko'), the line speed of the interface
(`sp'), the effective amount of bits received per second (`si'),
the effective amount of bits transmitted per second (`so'), the
number of collisions (`coll'), the number of received multicast
packets (`mlti'), the number of errors while receiving a packet
(`erri'), the number of errors while transmitting a packet
(`erro'), the number of received packets dropped (`drpi'), and
the number of transmitted packets dropped (`drpo').
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a
relevant subset is shown.
The number of lines showing the network interfaces can be
limited.
Following the system level information, the processes are shown from
which the resource utilization has changed during the last interval.
These processes might have used cpu time or issued disk or network
requests. However a process is also shown if part of it has been
paged out due to lack of memory (while the process itself was in
sleep state).
Per process the following fields may be shown (in alphabetical
order), depending on the current output mode as described in the
section INTERACTIVE COMMANDS and depending on the current width of
your window:
AVGRSZ The average size of one read-action on disk.
AVGWSZ The average size of one write-action on disk.
CMD The name of the process. This name can be surrounded by
"less/greater than" signs (`<name>') which means that the
process has finished during the last interval.
Behind the abbreviation `CMD' in the header line, the
current page number and the total number of pages of the
process/thread list are shown.
COMMAND-LINE
The full command line of the process (including arguments).
If the length of the command line exceeds the length of the
screen line, the arrow keys -> and <- can be used for
horizontal scroll.
Behind the verb `COMMAND-LINE' in the header line, the
current page number and the total number of pages of the
process/thread list are shown.
CPU The occupation percentage of this process related to the
available capacity for this resource on system level.
CPUNR The identification of the CPU the (main) thread is running
on or has recently been running on.
DSK The occupation percentage of this process related to the
total load that is produced by all processes (i.e. total
disk accesses by all processes during the last interval).
This information is shown when per process "storage
accounting" is active in the kernel.
EGID Effective group-id under which this process executes.
ENDATE Date that the process has been finished. If the process is
still running, this field shows `active'.
ENTIME Time that the process has been finished. If the process is
still running, this field shows `active'.
ENVID Virtual environment identified (OpenVZ only).
EUID Effective user-id under which this process executes.
EXC The exit code of a terminated process (second position of
column `ST' is E) or the fatal signal number (second
position of column `ST' is S or C).
FSGID Filesystem group-id under which this process executes.
FSUID Filesystem user-id under which this process executes.
MAJFLT The number of page faults issued by this process that have
been solved by creating/loading the requested memory page.
MEM The occupation percentage of this process related to the
available capacity for this resource on system level.
MINFLT The number of page faults issued by this process that have
been solved by reclaiming the requested memory page from the
free list of pages.
NET The occupation percentage of this process related to the
total load that is produced by all processes (i.e. consumed
network bandwidth of all processes during the last
interval).
This information will only be shown when kernel module
`netatop' is loaded.
NICE The more or less static priority that can be given to a
process on a scale from -20 (high priority) to +19 (low
priority).
NPROCS The number of active and terminated processes accumulated
for this user or program.
PID Process-id.
POLI The policies 'norm' (normal, which is SCHED_OTHER), 'btch'
(batch) and 'idle' refer to timesharing processes. The
policies 'fifo' (SCHED_FIFO) and 'rr' (round robin, which is
SCHED_RR) refer to realtime processes.
PPID Parent process-id.
PRI The process' priority ranges from 0 (highest priority) to
139 (lowest priority). Priority 0 to 99 are used for
realtime processes (fixed priority independent of their
behavior) and priority 100 to 139 for timesharing processes
(variable priority depending on their recent CPU consumption
and the nice value).
PSIZE The proportional memory size of this process (or user).
Every process shares resident memory with other processes.
E.g. when a particular program is started several times, the
code pages (text) are only loaded once in memory and shared
by all incarnations. Also the code of shared libraries is
shared by all processes using that shared library, as well
as shared memory and memory-mapped files. For the PSIZE
calculation of a process, the resident memory of a process
that is shared with other processes is divided by the number
of sharers. This means, that every process is accounted for
a proportional part of that memory. Accumulating the PSIZE
values of all processes in the system gives a reliable
impression of the total resident memory consumed by all
processes.
Since gathering of all values that are needed to calculate
the PSIZE is a relatively time-consuming task, the 'R' key
(or '-R' flag) should be active. Gathering these values also
requires superuser privileges (otherwise '?K' is shown in
the output).
RDDSK When the kernel maintains standard io statistics (>=
2.6.20):
The read data transfer issued physically on disk (so reading
from the disk cache is not accounted for).
Unfortunately, the kernel aggregates the data tranfer of a
process to the data transfer of its parent process when
terminating, so you might see transfers for (parent)
processes like cron, bash or init, that are not really
issued by them.
RGID The real group-id under which the process executes.
RGROW The amount of resident memory that the process has grown
during the last interval. A resident growth can be caused by
touching memory pages which were not physically
created/loaded before (load-on-demand). Note that a
resident growth can also be negative e.g. when part of the
process is paged out due to lack of memory or when the
process frees dynamically allocated memory. For a process
which started during the last interval, the resident growth
reflects the total resident size of the process at that
moment.
RSIZE The total resident memory usage consumed by this process (or
user). Notice that the RSIZE of a process includes all
resident memory used by that process, even if certain memory
parts are shared with other processes (see also the
explanation of PSIZE).
RTPR Realtime priority according the POSIX standard. Value can
be 0 for a timesharing process (policy 'norm', 'btch' or
'idle') or ranges from 1 (lowest) till 99 (highest) for a
realtime process (policy 'rr' or 'fifo').
RUID The real user-id under which the process executes.
S The current state of the (main) thread: `R' for running
(currently processing or in the runqueue), `S' for sleeping
interruptible (wait for an event to occur), `D' for sleeping
non-interruptible, `Z' for zombie (waiting to be
synchronized with its parent process), `T' for stopped
(suspended or traced), `W' for swapping, and `E' (exit) for
processes which have finished during the last interval.
SGID The saved group-id of the process.
ST The status of a process.
The first position indicates if the process has been started
during the last interval (the value N means 'new process').
The second position indicates if the process has been
finished during the last interval.
The value E means 'exit' on the process' own initiative; the
exit code is displayed in the column `EXC'.
The value S means that the process has been terminated
unvoluntarily by a signal; the signal number is displayed in
the in the column `EXC'.
The value C means that the process has been terminated
unvoluntarily by a signal, producing a core dump in its
current directory; the signal number is displayed in the
column `EXC'.
STDATE The start date of the process.
STTIME The start time of the process.
SUID The saved user-id of the process.
SWAPSZ The swap space consumed by this process (or user).
SYSCPU CPU time consumption of this process in system mode (kernel
mode), usually due to system call handling.
THR Total number of threads within this process. All related
threads are contained in a thread group, represented by pcp-
atop as one line or as a separate line when the 'y' key (or
-y flag) is active.
On Linux 2.4 systems it is hardly possible to determine
which threads (i.e. processes) are related to the same
thread group. Every thread is represented by pcp-atop as a
separate line.
TID Thread-id. All threads within a process run with the same
PID but with a different TID. This value is shown for
individual threads in multi-threaded processes (when using
the key 'y').
TRUN Number of threads within this process that are in the state
'running' (R).
TSLPI Number of threads within this process that are in the state
'interruptible sleeping' (S).
TSLPU Number of threads within this process that are in the state
'uninterruptible sleeping' (D).
USRCPU CPU time consumption of this process in user mode, due to
processing the own program text.
VDATA The virtual memory size of the private data used by this
process (including heap and shared library data).
VGROW The amount of virtual memory that the process has grown
during the last interval. A virtual growth can be caused by
e.g. issueing a malloc() or attaching a shared memory
segment. Note that a virtual growth can also be negative by
e.g. issueing a free() or detaching a shared memory segment.
For a process which started during the last interval, the
virtual growth reflects the total virtual size of the
process at that moment.
VSIZE The total virtual memory usage consumed by this process (or
user).
VSLIBS The virtual memory size of the (shared) text of all shared
libraries used by this process.
VSTACK The virtual memory size of the (private) stack used by this
process
VSTEXT The virtual memory size of the (shared) text of the
executable program.
WRDSK When the kernel maintains standard io statistics (>=
2.6.20):
The write data transfer issued physically on disk (so
writing to the disk cache is not accounted for). This
counter is maintained for the application process that
writes its data to the cache (assuming that this data is
physically transferred to disk later on). Notice that disk
I/O needed for swapping is not taken into account.
Unfortunately, the kernel aggregates the data tranfer of a
process to the data transfer of its parent process when
terminating, so you might see transfers for (parent)
processes like cron, bash or init, that are not really
issued by them.
WCANCL When the kernel maintains standard io statistics (>=
2.6.20):
The write data transfer previously accounted for this
process or another process that has been cancelled. Suppose
that a process writes new data to a file and that data is
removed again before the cache buffers have been flushed to
disk. Then the original process shows the written data as
WRDSK, while the process that removes/truncates the file
shows the unflushed removed data as WCANCL.
With the flag -P followed by a list of one or more labels (comma-
separated), parseable output is produced for each sample. The labels
that can be specified for system-level statistics correspond to the
labels (first verb of each line) that can be found in the interactive
output: "CPU", "cpu" "CPL" "MEM", "SWP", "PAG", "LVM", "MDD", "DSK",
"NFM", "NFC", "NFS" and "NET".
For process-level statistics special labels are introduced: "PRG"
(general), "PRC" (cpu), "PRM" (memory), "PRD" (disk, only if "storage
accounting" is active) and "PRN" (network, only if the kernel module
'netatop' has been installed).
With the label "ALL", all system and process level statistics are
shown.
For every interval all requested lines are shown whereafter pcp-atop
shows a line just containing the label "SEP" as a separator before
the lines for the next sample are generated.
When a sample contains the values since boot, pcp-atop shows a line
just containing the label "RESET" before the lines for this sample
are generated.
The first part of each output-line consists of the following six
fields: label (the name of the label), host (the name of this
machine), epoch (the time of this interval as number of seconds since
1-1-1970), date (date of this interval in format YYYY/MM/DD), time
(time of this interval in format HH:MM:SS), and interval (number of
seconds elapsed for this interval).
The subsequent fields of each output-line depend on the label:
CPU Subsequent fields: total number of clock-ticks per second
for this machine, number of processors, consumption for all
CPUs in system mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs
in user mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in user
mode for niced processes (clock-ticks), consumption for all
CPUs in idle mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in
wait mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in irq
mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in softirq mode
(clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in steal mode
(clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in guest mode
(clock-ticks) overlapping user mode, frequency of all CPUs
and frequency percentage of all CPUs.
cpu Subsequent fields: total number of clock-ticks per second
for this machine, processor-number, consumption for this CPU
in system mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in
user mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in user
mode for niced processes (clock-ticks), consumption for this
CPU in idle mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in
wait mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in irq
mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in softirq mode
(clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in steal mode
(clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in guest mode
(clock-ticks) overlapping user mode, frequency of this CPU
and frequency percentage of this CPU.
CPL Subsequent fields: number of processors, load average for
last minute, load average for last five minutes, load
average for last fifteen minutes, number of context-
switches, and number of device interrupts.
MEM Subsequent fields: page size for this machine (in bytes),
size of physical memory (pages), size of free memory
(pages), size of page cache (pages), size of buffer cache
(pages), size of slab (pages), dirty pages in cache (pages),
reclaimable part of slab (pages), size of vmware's balloon
pages (pages), total size of shared memory (pages), size of
resident shared memory (pages), size of swapped shared
memory (pages), huge page size (in bytes), total size of
huge pages (huge pages), and size of free huge pages (huge
pages).
SWP Subsequent fields: page size for this machine (in bytes),
size of swap (pages), size of free swap (pages), 0 (future
use), size of committed space (pages), and limit for
committed space (pages).
PAG Subsequent fields: page size for this machine (in bytes),
number of page scans, number of allocstalls, 0 (future use),
number of swapins, and number of swapouts.
LVM/MDD/DSK
For every logical volume/multiple device/hard disk one line
is shown.
Subsequent fields: name, number of milliseconds spent for
I/O, number of reads issued, number of sectors transferred
for reads, number of writes issued, and number of sectors
transferred for write.
NFM Subsequent fields: mounted NFS filesystem, total number of
bytes read, total number of bytes written, number of bytes
read by normal system calls, number of bytes written by
normal system calls, number of bytes read by direct I/O,
number of bytes written by direct I/O, number of pages read
by memory-mapped I/O, and number of pages written by memory-
mapped I/O.
NFC Subsequent fields: number of transmitted RPCs, number of
transmitted read RPCs, number of transmitted write RPCs,
number of RPC retransmissions, and number of authorization
refreshes.
NFS Subsequent fields: number of handled RPCs, number of
received read RPCs, number of received write RPCs, number of
bytes read by clients, number of bytes written by clients,
number of RPCs with bad format, number of RPCs with bad
authorization, number of RPCs from bad client, total number
of handled network requests, number of handled network
requests via TCP, number of handled network requests via
UDP, number of handled TCP connections, number of hits on
reply cache, number of misses on reply cache, and number of
uncached requests.
NET First one line is produced for the upper layers of the
TCP/IP stack.
Subsequent fields: the verb "upper", number of packets
received by TCP, number of packets transmitted by TCP,
number of packets received by UDP, number of packets
transmitted by UDP, number of packets received by IP, number
of packets transmitted by IP, number of packets delivered to
higher layers by IP, and number of packets forwarded by IP.
Next one line is shown for every interface.
Subsequent fields: name of the interface, number of packets
received by the interface, number of bytes received by the
interface, number of packets transmitted by the interface,
number of bytes transmitted by the interface, interface
speed, and duplex mode (0=half, 1=full).
PRG For every process one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: PID (unique ID of task), name (between
brackets), state, real uid, real gid, TGID (group number of
related tasks/threads), total number of threads, exit code,
start time (epoch), full command line (between brackets),
PPID, number of threads in state 'running' (R), number of
threads in state 'interruptible sleeping' (S), number of
threads in state 'uninterruptible sleeping' (D), effective
uid, effective gid, saved uid, saved gid, filesystem uid,
filesystem gid, elapsed time (hertz), is_process (y/n),
virtual pid and container id.
PRC For every process one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: PID, name (between brackets), state,
total number of clock-ticks per second for this machine,
CPU-consumption in user mode (clockticks), CPU-consumption
in system mode (clockticks), nice value, priority, realtime
priority, scheduling policy, current CPU, sleep average,
TGID (group number of related tasks/threads) and is_process
(y/n).
PRM For every process one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: PID, name (between brackets), state, page
size for this machine (in bytes), virtual memory size
(Kbytes), resident memory size (Kbytes), shared text memory
size (Kbytes), virtual memory growth (Kbytes), resident
memory growth (Kbytes), number of minor page faults, number
of major page faults, virtual library exec size (Kbytes),
virtual data size (Kbytes), virtual stack size (Kbytes),
swap space used (Kbytes), TGID (group number of related
tasks/threads), is_process (y/n) and proportional set size
(Kbytes) if in 'R' option is specified.
PRD For every process one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: PID, name (between brackets), state,
obsoleted kernel patch installed ('n'), standard io
statistics used ('y' or 'n'), number of reads on disk,
cumulative number of sectors read, number of writes on disk,
cumulative number of sectors written, cancelled number of
written sectors, TGID (group number of related
tasks/threads) and is_process (y/n).
If the standard I/O statistics (>= 2.6.20) are not used, the
disk I/O counters per process are not relevant. The
counters 'number of reads on disk' and 'number of writes on
disk' are obsoleted anyhow.
PRN For every process one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: PID, name (between brackets), state,
kernel module 'netatop' loaded ('y' or 'n'), number of TCP-
packets transmitted, cumulative size of TCP-packets
transmitted, number of TCP-packets received, cumulative size
of TCP-packets received, number of UDP-packets transmitted,
cumulative size of UDP-packets transmitted, number of UDP-
packets received, cumulative size of UDP-packets
transmitted, number of raw packets transmitted (obsolete,
always 0), number of raw packets received (obsolete, always
0), TGID (group number of related tasks/threads) and
is_process (y/n).
To monitor the current system load interactively with an interval of
5 seconds:
pcp atop 5
To monitor the system load and write it to a file (in plain ASCII)
with an interval of one minute during half an hour with active
processes sorted on memory consumption:
pcp atop -M 60 30 > /log/pcp-atop.mem
Store information about the system and process activity in a PCP
archive folio with an interval of ten minutes during an hour:
pcp atop -w /tmp/pcp-atop 600 6
View the contents of this file interactively:
pcp atop -r /tmp/pcp-atop
View the processor and disk utilization of this file in parseable
format:
pcp atop -PCPU,DSK -r /tmp/pcp-atop.raw
View the contents of today's standard logfile interactively:
pcp atop -r
View the contents of the standard logfile of the day before yesterday
interactively:
pcp atop -r yy
View the contents of the standard logfile of 2014, June 7 from 02:00
PM onwards interactively:
pcp atop -r 20140607 -b 14:00
/etc/atoprc
Configuration file containing system-wide default values. See
related man-page.
~/.atoprc
Configuration file containing personal default values. See
related man-page.
pcp-atop is based on the source code of the atop(1) command from
http://atoptool.nl and aims to be command line and output compatible
with it as much as possible. Some features of that atop command are
not available in pcp-atop.
Some features of pcp-atop (such as reporting on the Apache HTTP
daemon, and NFS client mounts) are only activated if the corresonding
PCP metrics are available. Refer to the documentation for
pmdaapache(1) and pmdanfsclient(1) for further details on activating
these metrics.
pcp(1), pcp-atopsar(1), pmdaapache(1), pmdanfsclient(1), mkaf(1),
pmlogger(1), pmlogger_daily(1), PCPIntro(1) and pcp-atoprc(5).
This page is part of the PCP (Performance Co-Pilot) project.
Information about the project can be found at ⟨http://www.pcp.io/⟩.
If you have a bug report for this manual page, send it to
pcp@oss.sgi.com. This page was obtained from the project's upstream
Git repository ⟨git://git.pcp.io/pcp⟩ on 2017-07-05. If you discover
any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you
believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or
you have corrections or improvements to the information in this
COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail
to man-pages@man7.org
Performance Co-Pilot PCP PCP-ATOP(1)
Pages that refer to this page: pcp-atopsar(1), pmrep(1), pcp-atoprc(5)