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MYSQLD_MULTI(1)            MariaDB Database System           MYSQLD_MULTI(1)

NAME         top

       mysqld_multi - manage multiple MariaDB servers

SYNOPSIS         top

       mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR] ...]

DESCRIPTION         top

       mysqld_multi is designed to manage several mysqld processes that
       listen for connections on different Unix socket files and TCP/IP
       ports. It can start or stop servers, or report their current status.
       mysqld_multi searches for groups named [mysqldN] in my.cnf (or in the
       file named by the --config-file option).  N can be any positive
       integer. This number is referred to in the following discussion as
       the option group number, or GNR. Group numbers distinguish option
       groups from one another and are used as arguments to mysqld_multi to
       specify which servers you want to start, stop, or obtain a status
       report for. Options listed in these groups are the same that you
       would use in the [mysqld] group used for starting mysqld. However,
       when using multiple servers, it is necessary that each one use its
       own value for options such as the Unix socket file and TCP/IP port
       number.
       To invoke mysqld_multi, use the following syntax:
           shell> mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR] ...]
       start, stop, and report indicate which operation to perform. You can
       perform the designated operation for a single server or multiple
       servers, depending on the GNR list that follows the option name. If
       there is no list, mysqld_multi performs the operation for all servers
       in the option file.
       Each GNR value represents an option group number or range of group
       numbers. The value should be the number at the end of the group name
       in the option file. For example, the GNR for a group named [mysqld17]
       is 17. To specify a range of numbers, separate the first and last
       numbers by a dash. The GNR value 10-13 represents groups [mysqld10]
       through [mysqld13]. Multiple groups or group ranges can be specified
       on the command line, separated by commas. There must be no whitespace
       characters (spaces or tabs) in the GNR list; anything after a
       whitespace character is ignored.
       This command starts a single server using option group [mysqld17]:
           shell> mysqld_multi start 17
       This command stops several servers, using option groups [mysqld8] and
       [mysqld10] through [mysqld13]:
           shell> mysqld_multi stop 8,10-13
       For an example of how you might set up an option file, use this
       command:
           shell> mysqld_multi --example
       mysqld_multi searches for option files as follows:
       ·   With --no-defaults, no option files are read.
       ·   With --defaults-file=file_name, only the named file is read.
       ·   Otherwise, option files in the standard list of locations are
           read, including any file named by the
           --defaults-extra-file=file_name option, if one is given. (If the
           option is given multiple times, the last value is used.)
       Option files read are searched for [mysqld_multi] and [mysqldN]
       option groups. The [mysqld_multi] group can be used for options to
       mysqld_multi itself.  [mysqldN] groups can be used for options passed
       to specific mysqld instances.
       The [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe] groups can be used for common options
       read by all instances of mysqld or mysqld_safe. You can specify a
       --defaults-file=file_name option to use a different configuration
       file for that instance, in which case the [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe]
       groups from that file will be used for that instance.
       mysqld_multi supports the following options.
       ·   --help
           Display a help message and exit.
       ·   --example
           Display a sample option file.
       ·   --log=file_name
           Specify the name of the log file. If the file exists, log output
           is appended to it.
       ·   --mysqladmin=prog_name
           The mysqladmin binary to be used to stop servers.
       ·   --mysqld=prog_name
           The mysqld binary to be used. Note that you can specify
           mysqld_safe as the value for this option also. If you use
           mysqld_safe to start the server, you can include the mysqld or
           ledir options in the corresponding [mysqldN] option group. These
           options indicate the name of the server that mysqld_safe should
           start and the path name of the directory where the server is
           located. (See the descriptions for these options in
           mysqld_safe(1).) Example:
               [mysqld38]
               mysqld = mysqld-debug
               ledir  = /opt/local/mysql/libexec
       ·   --no-log
           Print log information to stdout rather than to the log file. By
           default, output goes to the log file.
       ·   --password=password
           The password of the MariaDB account to use when invoking
           mysqladmin. Note that the password value is not optional for this
           option, unlike for other MariaDB programs.
       ·   --silent
           Silent mode; disable warnings.
       ·   --tcp-ip
           Connect to the MariaDB server(s) via the TCP/IP port instead of
           the UNIX socket. This affects stopping and reporting. If a socket
           file is missing, the server may still be running, but can be
           accessed only via the TCP/IP port. By default connecting is done
           via the UNIX socket. This option affects stop and report
           operations.
       ·   --user=user_name
           The user name of the MariaDB account to use when invoking
           mysqladmin.
       ·   --verbose
           Be more verbose.
       ·   --version
           Display version information and exit.
       ·   --wsrep-new-cluster
           Bootstrap a cluster.
       Some notes about mysqld_multi:
       ·   Most important: Before using mysqld_multi be sure that you
           understand the meanings of the options that are passed to the
           mysqld servers and why you would want to have separate mysqld
           processes. Beware of the dangers of using multiple mysqld servers
           with the same data directory. Use separate data directories,
           unless you know what you are doing. Starting multiple servers
           with the same data directory does not give you extra performance
           in a threaded system.
       ·   Important: Make sure that the data directory for each server is
           fully accessible to the Unix account that the specific mysqld
           process is started as.  Do not use the Unix root account for
           this, unless you know what you are doing.
       ·   Make sure that the MariaDB account used for stopping the mysqld
           servers (with the mysqladmin program) has the same user name and
           password for each server. Also, make sure that the account has
           the SHUTDOWN privilege. If the servers that you want to manage
           have different user names or passwords for the administrative
           accounts, you might want to create an account on each server that
           has the same user name and password. For example, you might set
           up a common multi_admin account by executing the following
           commands for each server:
               shell> mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock -p
               Enter password:
               mysql> GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.*
                   -> TO ´multi_admin´@´localhost´ IDENTIFIED BY ´multipass´;
           Change the connection parameters appropriately when connecting to
           each one. Note that the host name part of the account name must
           allow you to connect as multi_admin from the host where you want
           to run mysqld_multi.
       ·   The Unix socket file and the TCP/IP port number must be different
           for every mysqld. (Alternatively, if the host has multiple
           network addresses, you can use --bind-address to cause different
           servers to listen to different interfaces.)
       ·   The --pid-file option is very important if you are using
           mysqld_safe to start mysqld (for example, --mysqld=mysqld_safe)
           Every mysqld should have its own process ID file. The advantage
           of using mysqld_safe instead of mysqld is that mysqld_safe
           monitors its mysqld process and restarts it if the process
           terminates due to a signal sent using kill -9 or for other
           reasons, such as a segmentation fault. Please note that the
           mysqld_safe script might require that you start it from a certain
           place. This means that you might have to change location to a
           certain directory before running mysqld_multi. If you have
           problems starting, please see the mysqld_safe script. Check
           especially the lines:
               ----------------------------------------------------------------
               MY_PWD=`pwd`
               # Check if we are starting this relative (for the binary release)
               if test -d $MY_PWD/data/mysql -a \
                  -f ./share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys -a \
                  -x ./bin/mysqld
               ----------------------------------------------------------------
           The test performed by these lines should be successful, or you
           might encounter problems. See mysqld_safe(1).
       ·   You might want to use the --user option for mysqld, but to do
           this you need to run the mysqld_multi script as the Unix root
           user. Having the option in the option file doesn´t matter; you
           just get a warning if you are not the superuser and the mysqld
           processes are started under your own Unix account.
       The following example shows how you might set up an option file for
       use with mysqld_multi. The order in which the mysqld programs are
       started or stopped depends on the order in which they appear in the
       option file. Group numbers need not form an unbroken sequence. The
       first and fifth [mysqldN] groups were intentionally omitted from the
       example to illustrate that you can have “gaps” in the option file.
       This gives you more flexibility.
           # This file should probably be in your home dir (~/.my.cnf)
           # or /etc/my.cnf
           # Version 2.1 by Jani Tolonen
           [mysqld_multi]
           mysqld     = /usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe
           mysqladmin = /usr/local/bin/mysqladmin
           user       = multi_admin
           password   = multipass
           [mysqld2]
           socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock2
           port       = 3307
           pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/var2/hostname.pid2
           datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/var2
           language   = /usr/local/share/mysql/english
           user       = john
           [mysqld3]
           socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock3
           port       = 3308
           pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/var3/hostname.pid3
           datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/var3
           language   = /usr/local/share/mysql/swedish
           user       = monty
           [mysqld4]
           socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock4
           port       = 3309
           pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/var4/hostname.pid4
           datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/var4
           language   = /usr/local/share/mysql/estonia
           user       = tonu
           [mysqld6]
           socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock6
           port       = 3311
           pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/var6/hostname.pid6
           datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/var6
           language   = /usr/local/share/mysql/japanese
           user       = jani

COPYRIGHT         top

       Copyright 2007-2008 MySQL AB, 2008-2010 Sun Microsystems, Inc.,
       2010-2016 MariaDB Foundation
       This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
       modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
       published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
       This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
       but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
       General Public License for more details.
       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
       along with the program; if not, write to the Free Software
       Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
       02110-1301 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

SEE ALSO         top

       For more information, please refer to the MariaDB Knowledge Base,
       available online at https://mariadb.com/kb/

AUTHOR         top

       MariaDB Foundation (http://www.mariadb.org/).

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the MariaDB (MariaDB database server) project.
       Information about the project can be found at ⟨http://mariadb.org/⟩.
       If you have a bug report for this manual page, see 
       ⟨https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/reporting-bugs/⟩.  This page was
       obtained from the project's upstream Git repository 
       ⟨https://github.com/MariaDB/server⟩ on 2017-07-05.  If you discover
       any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you
       believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or
       you have corrections or improvements to the information in this
       COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail
       to man-pages@man7.org
MariaDB 10.1                   7 December 2016               MYSQLD_MULTI(1)