NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | TIME FORMATS | NOTES | FILES | AUTHOR | AVAILABILITY | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON

LAST, LASTB(1)                  User Commands                 LAST, LASTB(1)

NAME         top

       last, lastb - show a listing of last logged in users

SYNOPSIS         top

       last [options] [username...] [tty...]
       lastb [options] [username...] [tty...]

DESCRIPTION         top

       last searches back through the /var/log/wtmp file (or the file
       designated by the -f option) and displays a list of all users logged
       in (and out) since that file was created.  One or more usernames
       and/or ttys can be given, in which case last will show only the
       entries matching those arguments.  Names of ttys can be abbreviated,
       thus last 0 is the same as last tty0.
       When catching a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key,
       usually control-C) or a SIGQUIT signal, last will show how far it has
       searched through the file; in the case of the SIGINT signal last will
       then terminate.
       The pseudo user reboot logs in each time the system is rebooted.
       Thus last reboot will show a log of all the reboots since the log
       file was created.
       lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of
       the /var/log/btmp file, which contains all the bad login attempts.

OPTIONS         top

       -a, --hostlast
              Display the hostname in the last column.  Useful in
              combination with the --dns option.
       -d, --dns
              For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of
              the remote host, but its IP number as well.  This option
              translates the IP number back into a hostname.
       -f, --file file
              Tell last to use a specific file instead of /var/log/wtmp.
              The --file option can be given multiple times, and all of the
              specified files will be processed.
       -F, --fulltimes
              Print full login and logout times and dates.
       -i, --ip
              Like --dns , but displays the host's IP number instead of the
              name.
       -number
       -n, --limit number
              Tell last how many lines to show.
       -p, --present time
              Display the users who were present at the specified time.
              This is like using the options --since and --until together
              with the same time.
       -R, --nohostname
              Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
       -s, --since time
              Display the state of logins since the specified time.  This is
              useful, e.g., to easily determine who was logged in at a
              particular time.  The option is often combined with --until.
       -t, --until time
              Display the state of logins until the specified time.
       --time-format format
              Define the output timestamp format to be one of notime, short,
              full, or iso.  The notime variant will not print any
              timestamps at all, short is the default, and full is the same
              as the --fulltimes option.  The iso variant will display the
              timestamp in ISO-8601 format.  The ISO format contains
              timezone information, making it preferable when printouts are
              investigated outside of the system.
       -w, --fullnames
              Display full user names and domain names in the output.
       -x, --system
              Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.

TIME FORMATS         top

       The options that take the time argument understand the following
       formats:
       YYYYMMDDhhmmss
       YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
       YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm      (seconds will be set to 00)
       YYYY-MM-DD            (time will be set to 00:00:00)
       hh:mm:ss              (date will be set to today)
       hh:mm                 (date will be set to today, seconds to 00)
       now
       yesterday             (time is set to 00:00:00)
       today                 (time is set to 00:00:00)
       tomorrow              (time is set to 00:00:00)
       +5min
       -5days

NOTES         top

       The files wtmp and btmp might not be found.  The system only logs
       information in these files if they are present.  This is a local
       configuration issue.  If you want the files to be used, they can be
       created with a simple touch(1) command (for example, touch
       /var/log/wtmp).

FILES         top

       /var/log/wtmp
       /var/log/btmp

AUTHOR         top

       Miquel van Smoorenburg ⟨miquels@cistron.nl⟩

AVAILABILITY         top

       The last command is part of the util-linux package and is available
       from Linux Kernel Archive 
       ⟨https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/⟩.

SEE ALSO         top

       login(1), wtmp(5), init(8), shutdown(8)

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the util-linux (a random collection of Linux
       utilities) project.  Information about the project can be found at 
       ⟨https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/⟩.  If you have a
       bug report for this manual page, send it to
       util-linux@vger.kernel.org.  This page was obtained from the
       project's upstream Git repository 
       ⟨git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/util-linux/util-linux.git⟩ on
       2017-07-05.  If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML ver‐
       sion of the page, or you believe there is a better or more up-to-date
       source for the page, or you have corrections or improvements to the
       information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original man‐
       ual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
util-linux                      October 2013                  LAST, LASTB(1)