Word count in HDFS

Setup

In this example, we’ll use distributed with the hdfs3 library to count the number of words in text files (Enron email dataset, 6.4 GB) stored in HDFS.

Copy the text data from Amazon S3 into HDFS on the cluster:

$ hadoop distcp s3n://AWS_SECRET_ID:AWS_SECRET_KEY@blaze-data/enron-email hdfs:///tmp/enron

where AWS_SECRET_ID and AWS_SECRET_KEY are valid AWS credentials.

Start the distributed scheduler and workers on the cluster.

Code example

Import distributed, hdfs3, and other standard libraries used in this example:

>>> import hdfs3
>>> from collections import defaultdict, Counter
>>> from distributed import Client, progress

Initialize a connection to HDFS, replacing NAMENODE_HOSTNAME and NAMENODE_PORT with the hostname and port (default: 8020) of the HDFS namenode.

>>> hdfs = hdfs3.HDFileSystem('NAMENODE_HOSTNAME', port=NAMENODE_PORT)

Initialize a connection to the distributed client, replacing SCHEDULER_IP and SCHEDULER_PORT with the IP address and port of the distributed scheduler.

>>> client = Client('SCHEDULER_IP:SCHEDULER_PORT')

Generate a list of filenames from the text data in HDFS:

>>> filenames = hdfs.glob('/tmp/enron/*/*')
>>> print(filenames[:5])

['/tmp/enron/edrm-enron-v2_nemec-g_xml.zip/merged.txt',
 '/tmp/enron/edrm-enron-v2_ring-r_xml.zip/merged.txt',
 '/tmp/enron/edrm-enron-v2_bailey-s_xml.zip/merged.txt',
 '/tmp/enron/edrm-enron-v2_fischer-m_xml.zip/merged.txt',
 '/tmp/enron/edrm-enron-v2_geaccone-t_xml.zip/merged.txt']

Print the first 1024 bytes of the first text file:

>>> print(hdfs.head(filenames[0]))

b'Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 09:33:00 -0800 (PST)\r\nFrom: Xochitl-Alexis Velasc
o\r\nTo: Mark Knippa, Mike D Smith, Gerald Nemec, Dave S Laipple, Bo Barnwel
l\r\nCc: Melissa Jones, Iris Waser, Pat Radford, Bonnie Shumaker\r\nSubject:
 Finalize ECS/EES Master Agreement\r\nX-SDOC: 161476\r\nX-ZLID: zl-edrm-enro
n-v2-nemec-g-2802.eml\r\n\r\nPlease plan to attend a meeting to finalize the
 ECS/EES  Master Agreement \r\ntomorrow 11/30/00 at 1:30 pm CST.\r\n\r\nI wi
ll email everyone tomorrow with location.\r\n\r\nDave-I will also email you
the call in number tomorrow.\r\n\r\nThanks\r\nXochitl\r\n\r\n***********\r\n
EDRM Enron Email Data Set has been produced in EML, PST and NSF format by ZL
 Technologies, Inc. This Data Set is licensed under a Creative Commons Attri
bution 3.0 United States License <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
/us/> . To provide attribution, please cite to "ZL Technologies, Inc. (http:
//www.zlti.com)."\r\n***********\r\nDate: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 09:40:00 -0800 (P
ST)\r\nFrom: Jill T Zivley\r\nTo: Robert Cook, Robert Crockett, John Handley
, Shawna'

Create a function to count words in each file:

>>> def count_words(fn):
...     word_counts = defaultdict(int)
...     with hdfs.open(fn) as f:
...         for line in f:
...             for word in line.split():
...                 word_counts[word] += 1
...     return word_counts

Before we process all of the text files using the distributed workers, let’s test our function locally by counting the number of words in the first text file:

>>> counts = count_words(filenames[0])
>>> print(sorted(counts.items(), key=lambda k_v: k_v[1], reverse=True)[:10])

[(b'the', 144873),
 (b'of', 98122),
 (b'to', 97202),
 (b'and', 90575),
 (b'or', 60305),
 (b'in', 53869),
 (b'a', 43300),
 (b'any', 31632),
 (b'by', 31515),
 (b'is', 30055)]

We can perform the same operation of counting the words in the first text file, except we will use client.submit to execute the computation on a distributed worker:

>>> future = client.submit(count_words, filenames[0])
>>> counts = future.result()
>>> print(sorted(counts.items(), key=lambda k_v: k_v[1], reverse=True)[:10])

[(b'the', 144873),
 (b'of', 98122),
 (b'to', 97202),
 (b'and', 90575),
 (b'or', 60305),
 (b'in', 53869),
 (b'a', 43300),
 (b'any', 31632),
 (b'by', 31515),
 (b'is', 30055)]

We are ready to count the number of words in all of the text files using distributed workers. Note that the map operation is non-blocking, and you can continue to work in the Python shell/notebook while the computations are running.

>>> futures = client.map(count_words, filenames)

We can check the status of some futures while all of the text files are being processed:

>>> len(futures)

161

>>> futures[:5]

[<Future: status: finished, key: count_words-5114ab5911de1b071295999c9049e941>,
 <Future: status: pending, key: count_words-d9e0d9daf6a1eab4ca1f26033d2714e7>,
 <Future: status: pending, key: count_words-d2f365a2360a075519713e9380af45c5>,
 <Future: status: pending, key: count_words-bae65a245042325b4c77fc8dde1acf1e>,
 <Future: status: pending, key: count_words-03e82a9b707c7e36eab95f4feec1b173>]

>>> progress(futures)

[########################################] | 100% Completed |  3min  0.2s

When the futures finish reading in all of the text files and counting words, the results will exist on each worker. This operation required about 3 minutes to run on a cluster with three worker machines, each with 4 cores and 16 GB RAM.

Note that because the previous computation is bound by the GIL in Python, we can speed it up by starting the distributed workers with the --nprocs 4 option.

To sum the word counts for all of the text files, we need to gather some information from the distributed workers. To reduce the amount of data that we gather from the workers, we can define a function that only returns the top 10,000 words from each text file.

>>> def top_items(d):
...     items = sorted(d.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[1], reverse=True)[:10000]
...     return dict(items)

We can then map the futures from the previous step to this culling function. This is a convenient way to construct a pipeline of computations using futures:

>>> futures2 = client.map(top_items, futures)

We can gather the resulting culled word count data for each text file to the local process:

>>> results = client.gather(iter(futures2))

To sum the word counts for all of the text files, we can iterate over the results in futures2 and update a local dictionary that contains all of the word counts.

>>> all_counts = Counter()
>>> for result in results:
...     all_counts.update(result)

Finally, we print the total number of words in the results and the words with the highest frequency from all of the text files:

>>> print(len(all_counts))

8797842

>>> print(sorted(all_counts.items(), key=lambda k_v: k_v[1], reverse=True)[:10])

[(b'0', 67218380),
 (b'the', 19586868),
 (b'-', 14123768),
 (b'to', 11893464),
 (b'N/A', 11814665),
 (b'of', 11724827),
 (b'and', 10253753),
 (b'in', 6684937),
 (b'a', 5470371),
 (b'or', 5227805)]

The complete Python script for this example is shown below:

# word-count.py

import hdfs3
from collections import defaultdict, Counter
from distributed import Client, progress

hdfs = hdfs3.HDFileSystem('NAMENODE_HOSTNAME', port=NAMENODE_PORT)
client = Client('SCHEDULER_IP:SCHEDULER:PORT')

filenames = hdfs.glob('/tmp/enron/*/*')
print(filenames[:5])
print(hdfs.head(filenames[0]))


def count_words(fn):
    word_counts = defaultdict(int)
    with hdfs.open(fn) as f:
        for line in f:
            for word in line.split():
                word_counts[word] += 1
    return word_counts

counts = count_words(filenames[0])
print(sorted(counts.items(), key=lambda k_v: k_v[1], reverse=True)[:10])

future = client.submit(count_words, filenames[0])
counts = future.result()
print(sorted(counts.items(), key=lambda k_v: k_v[1], reverse=True)[:10])

futures = client.map(count_words, filenames)
len(futures)
futures[:5]
progress(futures)


def top_items(d):
    items = sorted(d.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[1], reverse=True)[:10000]
    return dict(items)

futures2 = client.map(top_items, futures)
results = client.gather(iter(futures2))

all_counts = Counter()
for result in results:
    all_counts.update(result)

print(len(all_counts))

print(sorted(all_counts.items(), key=lambda k_v: k_v[1], reverse=True)[:10])