#include <stdio.h> FILE *fmemopen(void *buf, size_t size, const char *mode);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
fmemopen():
Since glibc 2.10:
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
Before glibc 2.10:
_GNU_SOURCE
The mode argument specifies the semantics of I/O on the stream, and is one of the following:
The stream maintains the notion of a current position, the location where the next I/O operation will be performed. The current position is implicitly updated by I/O operations. It can be explicitly updated using fseek(3), and determined using ftell(3). In all modes other than append, the initial position is set to the start of the buffer. In append mode, if no null byte is found within the buffer, then the initial position is size+1.
If buf is specified as NULL, then fmemopen() allocates a buffer of size bytes. This is useful for an application that wants to write data to a temporary buffer and then read it back again. The initial position is set to the start of the buffer. The buffer is automatically freed when the stream is closed. Note that the caller has no way to obtain a pointer to the temporary buffer allocated by this call (but see open_memstream(3)).
If buf is not NULL, then it should point to a buffer of at least len bytes allocated by the caller.
When a stream that has been opened for writing is flushed (fflush(3)) or closed (fclose(3)), a null byte is written at the end of the buffer if there is space. The caller should ensure that an extra byte is available in the buffer (and that size counts that byte) to allow for this.
In a stream opened for reading, null bytes ('\0') in the buffer do not cause read operations to return an end-of-file indication. A read from the buffer will indicate end-of-file only when the current buffer position advances size bytes past the start of the buffer.
Write operations take place either at the current position (for modes other than append), or at the current size of the stream (for append modes).
Attempts to write more than size bytes to the buffer result in an error. By default, such errors will be visible (by the absence of data) only when the stdio buffer is flushed. Disabling buffering with the following call may be useful to detect errors at the time of an output operation:
| Interface | Attribute | Value |
| fmemopen(), | Thread safety | MT-Safe |
POSIX.1-2008 specifies that 'b' in mode shall be ignored. However, Technical Corrigendum 1 adjusts the standard to allow implementation-specific treatment for this case, thus permitting the glibc treatment of 'b'.
With version 2.22, binary mode (see below) was removed, many longstanding bugs in the implementation of fmemopen() were fixed, and a new versioned symbol was created for this interface.
An API bug afflicted the implementation of binary mode: to specify binary mode, the 'b' must be the second character in mode. Thus, for example, "wb+" has the desired effect, but "w+b" does not. This is inconsistent with the treatment of mode by fopen(3).
Binary mode was removed in glibc 2.22; a 'b' specified in mode has no effect.
In versions of glibc before 2.22, specifying append mode ("a" or "a+") for fmemopen() sets the initial buffer position to the first null byte, but (if the current position is reset to a location other than the end of the stream) does not force subsequent writes to append at the end of the stream. This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.
In versions of glibc before 2.22, if the mode argument to fmemopen() specifies append ("a" or "a+"), and the size argument does not cover a null byte in buf, then, according to POSIX.1-2008, the initial buffer position should be set to the next byte after the end of the buffer. However, in this case the glibc fmemopen() sets the buffer position to -1. This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.
In versions of glibc before 2.22, when a call to fseek(3) with a whence value of SEEK_END was performed on a stream created by fmemopen(), the offset was subtracted from the end-of-stream position, instead of being added. This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.
The glibc 2.9 addition of "binary" mode for fmemopen() silently changed the ABI: previously, fmemopen() ignored 'b' in mode.
$ ./a.out '1 23 43' size=11; ptr=1 529 1849
#define handle_error(msg) \
do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
FILE *out, *in;
int v, s;
size_t size;
char *ptr;
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s '<num>...'\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
in = fmemopen(argv[1], strlen(argv[1]), "r");
if (in == NULL)
handle_error("fmemopen");
out = open_memstream(&ptr, &size);
if (out == NULL)
handle_error("open_memstream");
for (;;) {
s = fscanf(in, "%d", &v);
if (s <= 0)
break;
s = fprintf(out, "%d ", v * v);
if (s == -1)
handle_error("fprintf");
}
fclose(in);
fclose(out);
printf("size=%zu; ptr=%s\n", size, ptr);
free(ptr);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}