21.1.1 Time conversion specifiers

date conversion specifiers related to times.

‘%H’

hour (‘00’…‘23’)

‘%I’

hour (‘01’…‘12’)

‘%k’

hour, space padded (‘ 0’…‘23’); equivalent to ‘%_H’. This is a GNU extension.

‘%l’

hour, space padded (‘ 1’…‘12’); equivalent to ‘%_I’. This is a GNU extension.

‘%M’

minute (‘00’…‘59’)

‘%N’

nanoseconds (‘000000000’…‘999999999’). This is a GNU extension.

‘%p’

locale’s equivalent of either ‘AM’ or ‘PM’; blank in many locales. Noon is treated as ‘PM’ and midnight as ‘AM’.

‘%P’

like ‘%p’, except lower case. This is a GNU extension.

‘%r’

locale’s 12-hour clock time (e.g., ‘11:11:04 PM’)

‘%R’

24-hour hour and minute. Same as ‘%H:%M’.

‘%s’

seconds since the epoch, i.e., since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. Leap seconds are not counted unless leap second support is available. See %s-examples, for examples. This is a GNU extension.

‘%S’

second (‘00’…‘60’). This may be ‘60’ if leap seconds are supported.

‘%T’

24-hour hour, minute, and second. Same as ‘%H:%M:%S’.

‘%X’

locale’s time representation (e.g., ‘23:13:48’)

‘%z’

Four-digit numeric time zone, e.g., ‘-0600’ or ‘+0530’, or ‘-0000’ if no time zone is determinable. This value reflects the numeric time zone appropriate for the current time, using the time zone rules specified by the TZ environment variable. A time zone is not determinable if its numeric offset is zero and its abbreviation begins with ‘-’. The time (and optionally, the time zone rules) can be overridden by the --date option.

‘%:z’

Numeric time zone with ‘:’, e.g., ‘-06:00’ or ‘+05:30’), or ‘-00:00’ if no time zone is determinable. This is a GNU extension.

‘%::z’

Numeric time zone to the nearest second with ‘:’ (e.g., ‘-06:00:00’ or ‘+05:30:00’), or ‘-00:00:00’ if no time zone is determinable. This is a GNU extension.

‘%:::z’

Numeric time zone with ‘:’ using the minimum necessary precision (e.g., ‘-06’, ‘+05:30’, or ‘-04:56:02’), or ‘-00’ if no time zone is determinable. This is a GNU extension.

‘%Z’

alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., ‘EDT’), or nothing if no time zone is determinable. See ‘%z’ for how it is determined.