Answers to Questions and Exercises

Questions

1. Question: Is the following code legal?

   try {
       
   } finally {
      
   }
   

   Answer: Yes, it's legal — and very useful A try statement does not have to have a catch block if it has a finally block. If the code in the try statement has multiple exit points and no associated catch clauses, the code in the finally block is executed no matter how the try block is exited. Thus it makes sense to provide a finally block whenever there is code that must always be executed. This include resource recovery code, such as the code to close I/O streams.
2. Question: What exception types can be caught by the following handler?

   catch (Exception e) {
        
   }
   

   What is wrong with using this type of exception handler?

   Answer: This handler catches exceptions of type Exception; therefore, it catches any exception. This can be a poor implementation because you are losing valuable information about the type of exception being thrown and making your code less efficient. As a result, your program may be forced to determine the type of exception before it can decide on the best recovery strategy.

3. Question: Is there anything wrong with this exception handler as written? Will this code compile?

   try {
   
   } catch (Exception e) {
      
   } catch (ArithmeticException a) {
       
   }
   

   Answer: This first handler catches exceptions of type Exception; therefore, it catches any exception, including ArithmeticException. The second handler could never be reached. This code will not compile.
4. Question: Match each situation in the first list with an item in the second list.
   1. int[] A;
A[0] = 0;
   2. The JVM starts running your program, but the JVM can't find the Java platform classes. (The Java platform classes reside in classes.zip or rt.jar.)
   3. A program is reading a stream and reaches the end of stream marker.
   4. Before closing the stream and after reaching the end of stream marker, a program tries to read the stream again.
   1. __error
   2. __checked exception
   3. __compile error
   4. __no exception

   Answer:

   1. 3 (compile error). The array is not initialized and will not compile.
   2. 1 (error).
   3. 4 (no exception). When you read a stream, you expect there to be an end of stream marker. You should use exceptions to catch unexpected behavior in your program.
   4. 2 (checked exception).

Exercises

1. Exercise: Add a readList method to ListOfNumbers.java. This method should read in int values from a file, print each value, and append them to the end of the vector. You should catch all appropriate errors. You will also need a text file containing numbers to read in.

   Answer: See ListOfNumbers2.java.

2. Exercise: Modify the following cat method so that it will compile:

   public static void cat(File file) {
       RandomAccessFile input = null;
       String line = null;
   
       try {
           input = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r");
           while ((line = input.readLine()) != null) {
               System.out.println(line);
           }
           return;
       } finally {
           if (input != null) {
               input.close();
           }
       }
   }
   

   Answer: The code to catch exceptions is shown in bold:

   public static void cat(File file) {
       RandomAccessFile input = null;
       String line = null;
   
       try {
           input = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r");
           while ((line = input.readLine()) != null) {
               System.out.println(line);
           }
           return;
       } catch(FileNotFoundException fnf) {
           System.err.format("File: %s not found%n", file);
       } catch(IOException e) {
           System.err.println(e.toString());
       } finally {
           if (input != null) {
               try {
                   input.close();
               } catch(IOException io) {
               }
           }
       }
   }