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  1. Database
  2. Oracle
  3. Oracle Database
  4. Release 19

Database Concepts

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Table of Contents

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  • Title and Copyright Information
  • Preface
    • Audience
    • Documentation Accessibility
    • Related Documentation
    • Conventions
  • Changes in This Release for Oracle Database Concepts
    • Changes in Oracle Database Release 19c, Version 19.1
      • New Features
      • Desupported Features
    • Changes in Oracle Database Release 18c, Version 18.1
      • New Features
      • Deprecated Features
  • 1 Introduction to Oracle Database
    • About Relational Databases
      • Database Management System (DBMS)
      • Relational Model
      • Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)
      • Brief History of Oracle Database
    • Schema Objects
      • Tables
      • Indexes
    • Data Access
      • Structured Query Language (SQL)
      • PL/SQL and Java
    • Transaction Management
      • Transactions
      • Data Concurrency
      • Data Consistency
    • Oracle Database Architecture
      • Database and Instance
        • Multitenant Architecture
          • Benefits of the Multitenant Architecture
          • Database Consolidation
          • Application Containers
        • Sharding Architecture
      • Database Storage Structures
        • Physical Storage Structures
        • Logical Storage Structures
      • Database Instance Structures
        • Oracle Database Processes
        • Instance Memory Structures
      • Application and Networking Architecture
        • Application Architecture
        • Oracle Net Services Architecture
    • Oracle Database Documentation Roadmap
      • Oracle Database Documentation: Basic Group
      • Oracle Database Documentation: Intermediate Group
      • Oracle Database Documentation: Advanced Group
  • Part I Oracle Relational Data Structures
    • 2 Tables and Table Clusters
      • Introduction to Schema Objects
        • Schema Object Types
        • Schema Object Storage
        • Schema Object Dependencies
        • SYS and SYSTEM Schemas
        • Sample Schemas
      • Overview of Tables
        • Columns
          • Virtual Columns
          • Invisible Columns
        • Rows
        • Example: CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE Statements
        • Oracle Data Types
          • Character Data Types
            • VARCHAR2 and CHAR Data Types
            • NCHAR and NVARCHAR2 Data Types
          • Numeric Data Types
            • NUMBER Data Type
            • Floating-Point Numbers
          • Datetime Data Types
            • DATE Data Type
            • TIMESTAMP Data Type
          • Rowid Data Types
            • Use of Rowids
            • ROWID Pseudocolumn
          • Format Models and Data Types
        • Integrity Constraints
        • Table Storage
          • Table Organization
          • Row Storage
          • Rowids of Row Pieces
          • Storage of Null Values
        • Table Compression
          • Basic Table Compression and Advanced Row Compression
          • Hybrid Columnar Compression
            • Types of Hybrid Columnar Compression
            • Compression Units
            • DML and Hybrid Columnar Compression
      • Overview of Table Clusters
        • Overview of Indexed Clusters
        • Overview of Hash Clusters
          • Hash Cluster Creation
          • Hash Cluster Queries
          • Hash Cluster Variations
          • Hash Cluster Storage
      • Overview of Attribute-Clustered Tables
        • Advantages of Attribute-Clustered Tables
        • Join Attribute Clustered Tables
        • I/O Reduction Using Zones
          • Zone Maps
          • Zone Maps: Analogy
          • Zone Maps: Example
        • Attribute-Clustered Tables with Linear Ordering
        • Attribute-Clustered Tables with Interleaved Ordering
      • Overview of Temporary Tables
        • Purpose of Temporary Tables
        • Segment Allocation in Temporary Tables
        • Temporary Table Creation
      • Overview of External Tables
        • Purpose of External Tables
        • External Table Access Drivers
        • External Table Creation
      • Overview of Object Tables
    • 3 Indexes and Index-Organized Tables
      • Introduction to Indexes
        • Advantages and Disadvantages of Indexes
        • Index Usability and Visibility
        • Keys and Columns
        • Composite Indexes
        • Unique and Nonunique Indexes
        • Types of Indexes
        • How the Database Maintains Indexes
        • Index Storage
      • Overview of B-Tree Indexes
        • Branch Blocks and Leaf Blocks
        • Index Scans
          • Full Index Scan
          • Fast Full Index Scan
          • Index Range Scan
          • Index Unique Scan
          • Index Skip Scan
          • Index Clustering Factor
        • Reverse Key Indexes
        • Ascending and Descending Indexes
        • Index Compression
          • Prefix Compression
          • Advanced Index Compression
      • Overview of Bitmap Indexes
        • Example: Bitmap Indexes on a Single Table
        • Bitmap Join Indexes
        • Bitmap Storage Structure
      • Overview of Function-Based Indexes
        • Uses of Function-Based Indexes
        • Optimization with Function-Based Indexes
      • Overview of Application Domain Indexes
      • Overview of Index-Organized Tables
        • Index-Organized Table Characteristics
        • Index-Organized Tables with Row Overflow Area
        • Secondary Indexes on Index-Organized Tables
          • Logical Rowids and Physical Guesses
          • Bitmap Indexes on Index-Organized Tables
    • 4 Partitions, Views, and Other Schema Objects
      • Overview of Partitions
        • Partition Characteristics
          • Partition Key
          • Partitioning Strategies
            • Range Partitioning
            • Interval Partitioning
            • List Partitioning
            • Hash Partitioning
            • Reference Partitioning
            • Composite Partitioning
        • Partitioned Tables
          • Segments for Partitioned Tables
          • Compression for Partitioned Tables
        • Partitioned Indexes
          • Local Partitioned Indexes
            • Local Prefixed and Nonprefixed Indexes
            • Local Partitioned Index Storage
          • Global Partitioned Indexes
        • Partial Indexes for Partitioned Tables
      • Overview of Sharded Tables
        • Sharded Tables
      • Overview of Views
        • Characteristics of Views
          • Data Manipulation in Views
          • How Data Is Accessed in Views
        • Updatable Join Views
        • Object Views
      • Overview of Materialized Views
        • Characteristics of Materialized Views
        • Refresh Methods for Materialized Views
          • Complete Refresh
          • Incremental Refresh
          • In-Place and Out-of-Place Refresh
        • Query Rewrite
      • Overview of Sequences
        • Sequence Characteristics
        • Concurrent Access to Sequences
      • Overview of Dimensions
        • Hierarchical Structure of a Dimension
        • Creation of Dimensions
      • Overview of Synonyms
    • 5 Data Integrity
      • Introduction to Data Integrity
        • Techniques for Guaranteeing Data Integrity
        • Advantages of Integrity Constraints
      • Types of Integrity Constraints
        • NOT NULL Integrity Constraints
        • Unique Constraints
        • Primary Key Constraints
        • Foreign Key Constraints
          • Self-Referential Integrity Constraints
          • Nulls and Foreign Keys
          • Parent Key Modifications and Foreign Keys
          • Indexes and Foreign Keys
        • Check Constraints
      • States of Integrity Constraints
        • Checks for Modified and Existing Data
        • When the Database Checks Constraints for Validity
          • Nondeferrable Constraints
          • Deferrable Constraints
        • Examples of Constraint Checking
          • Example: Insertion of a Value in a Foreign Key Column When No Parent Key Value Exists
          • Example: Update of All Foreign Key and Parent Key Values
    • 6 Data Dictionary and Dynamic Performance Views
      • Overview of the Data Dictionary
        • Contents of the Data Dictionary
          • Views with the Prefix DBA_
          • Views with the Prefix ALL_
          • Views with the Prefix USER_
          • The DUAL Table
        • Storage of the Data Dictionary
        • How Oracle Database Uses the Data Dictionary
          • Public Synonyms for Data Dictionary Views
          • Data Dictionary Cache
          • Other Programs and the Data Dictionary
      • Overview of the Dynamic Performance Views
        • Contents of the Dynamic Performance Views
        • Storage of the Dynamic Performance Views
      • Database Object Metadata
  • Part II Oracle Data Access
    • 7 SQL
      • Introduction to SQL
        • SQL Data Access
        • SQL Standards
      • Overview of SQL Statements
        • Data Definition Language (DDL) Statements
        • Data Manipulation Language (DML) Statements
          • SELECT Statements
          • Joins
          • Subqueries
        • Transaction Control Statements
        • Session Control Statements
        • System Control Statement
        • Embedded SQL Statements
      • Overview of the Optimizer
        • Use of the Optimizer
        • Optimizer Components
          • Query Transformer
          • Estimator
          • Plan Generator
        • Access Paths
        • Optimizer Statistics
        • Optimizer Hints
      • Overview of SQL Processing
        • Stages of SQL Processing
          • SQL Parsing
          • SQL Optimization
          • SQL Row Source Generation
          • SQL Execution
        • Differences Between DML and DDL Processing
    • 8 Server-Side Programming: PL/SQL and Java
      • Introduction to Server-Side Programming
      • Overview of PL/SQL
        • PL/SQL Subprograms
          • Advantages of PL/SQL Subprograms
          • Creation of PL/SQL Subprograms
          • Execution of PL/SQL Subprograms
        • PL/SQL Packages
          • Advantages of PL/SQL Packages
          • Creation of PL/SQL Packages
          • Execution of PL/SQL Package Subprograms
        • PL/SQL Anonymous Blocks
        • PL/SQL Language Constructs
        • PL/SQL Collections and Records
          • Collections
          • Records
        • How PL/SQL Runs
      • Overview of Java in Oracle Database
        • Overview of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
          • Overview of Oracle JVM
          • Main Components of Oracle JVM
        • Java Programming Environment
          • Java Stored Procedures
          • Java and PL/SQL Integration
            • JDBC Drivers
            • SQLJ
      • Overview of Triggers
        • Advantages of Triggers
        • Types of Triggers
        • Timing for Triggers
        • Creation of Triggers
          • Example: CREATE TRIGGER Statement
          • Example: Invoking a Row-Level Trigger
        • Execution of Triggers
        • Storage of Triggers
  • Part III Oracle Transaction Management
    • 9 Data Concurrency and Consistency
      • Introduction to Data Concurrency and Consistency
        • Multiversion Read Consistency
          • Statement-Level Read Consistency
          • Transaction-Level Read Consistency
          • Read Consistency and Undo Segments
            • Read Consistency: Example
            • Read Consistency and Interested Transaction Lists
          • Read Consistency and Deferred Inserts
        • Locking Mechanisms
        • ANSI/ISO Transaction Isolation Levels
      • Overview of Oracle Database Transaction Isolation Levels
        • Read Committed Isolation Level
          • Read Consistency in the Read Committed Isolation Level
          • Conflicting Writes in Read Committed Transactions
        • Serializable Isolation Level
        • Read-Only Isolation Level
      • Overview of the Oracle Database Locking Mechanism
        • Summary of Locking Behavior
        • Use of Locks
        • Lock Modes
        • Lock Conversion and Escalation
        • Lock Duration
        • Locks and Deadlocks
      • Overview of Automatic Locks
        • DML Locks
          • Row Locks (TX)
            • Row Locks and Concurrency
            • Storage of Row Locks
          • Table Locks (TM)
          • Locks and Foreign Keys
            • Locks and Unindexed Foreign Keys
            • Locks and Indexed Foreign Keys
        • DDL Locks
          • Exclusive DDL Locks
          • Share DDL Locks
          • Breakable Parse Locks
        • System Locks
          • Latches
          • Mutexes
          • Internal Locks
      • Overview of Manual Data Locks
      • Overview of User-Defined Locks
    • 10 Transactions
      • Introduction to Transactions
        • Sample Transaction: Account Debit and Credit
        • Structure of a Transaction
          • Beginning of a Transaction
          • End of a Transaction
        • Statement-Level Atomicity
        • System Change Numbers (SCNs)
      • Overview of Transaction Control
        • Transaction Names
        • Active Transactions
        • Savepoints
          • Rollback to Savepoint
          • Enqueued Transactions
        • Rollback of Transactions
        • Commits of Transactions
      • Overview of Transaction Guard
        • Benefits of Transaction Guard
        • How Transaction Guard Works
          • Lost Commit Messages
          • Logical Transaction ID
        • Transaction Guard: Example
      • Overview of Application Continuity
        • Benefits of Application Continuity
          • Use Case for Application Continuity
          • Application Continuity for Planned Maintenance
        • Application Continuity Architecture
      • Overview of Autonomous Transactions
      • Overview of Distributed Transactions
        • Two-Phase Commit
        • In-Doubt Transactions
  • Part IV Oracle Database Storage Structures
    • 11 Physical Storage Structures
      • Introduction to Physical Storage Structures
        • Mechanisms for Storing Database Files
        • Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM)
          • Oracle ASM Storage Components
          • Oracle ASM Instances
        • Oracle Managed Files and User-Managed Files
      • Overview of Data Files
        • Use of Data Files
        • Permanent and Temporary Data Files
        • Online and Offline Data Files
        • Data File Structure
      • Overview of Control Files
        • Use of Control Files
        • Multiple Control Files
        • Control File Structure
      • Overview of the Online Redo Log
        • Use of the Online Redo Log
        • How Oracle Database Writes to the Online Redo Log
          • Online Redo Log Switches
          • Multiple Copies of Online Redo Log Files
          • Archived Redo Log Files
        • Structure of the Online Redo Log
    • 12 Logical Storage Structures
      • Introduction to Logical Storage Structures
        • Logical Storage Hierarchy
        • Logical Space Management
          • Locally Managed Tablespaces
            • Automatic Segment Space Management
            • Manual Segment Space Management
          • Dictionary-Managed Tablespaces
      • Overview of Data Blocks
        • Data Blocks and Operating System Blocks
          • Database Block Size
          • Tablespace Block Size
        • Data Block Format
          • Data Block Overhead
          • Row Format
            • Row Header
            • Column Data
            • Rowid Format
        • Data Block Compression
        • Space Management in Data Blocks
          • Percentage of Free Space in Data Blocks
          • Optimization of Free Space in Data Blocks
            • Optimization by Increasing Free Space
            • Optimization by Coalescing Fragmented Space
          • Chained and Migrated Rows
        • Overview of Index Blocks
          • Types of Index Blocks
          • Storage of Index Entries
          • Reuse of Slots in an Index Block
          • Coalescing an Index Block
      • Overview of Extents
        • Allocation of Extents
        • Deallocation of Extents
        • Storage Parameters for Extents
      • Overview of Segments
        • User Segments
          • User Segment Creation
        • Temporary Segments
          • Allocation of Temporary Segments for Queries
          • Allocation of Segments for Temporary Tables and Indexes
        • Undo Segments
          • Undo Segments and Transactions
          • Transaction Rollback
          • Temporary Undo Segments
        • Segment Space and the High Water Mark
      • Overview of Tablespaces
        • Permanent Tablespaces
          • The SYSTEM Tablespace
          • The SYSAUX Tablespace
          • Undo Tablespaces
            • Automatic Undo Management Mode
            • Automatic Undo Retention
          • Shadow Tablespaces
            • Purpose of Shadow Tablespaces
            • How Shadow Tablespaces Work
            • User Interface for Shadow Tablespaces
            • Example: Configuring Lost Write Protection
        • Temporary Tablespaces
          • Shared and Local Temporary Tablespaces
          • Default Temporary Tablespaces
            • Creation of Default Temporary Tablespaces
            • Access to Temporary Storage
        • Tablespace Modes
          • Read/Write and Read-Only Tablespaces
          • Online and Offline Tablespaces
        • Tablespace File Size
  • Part V Oracle Instance Architecture
    • 13 Oracle Database Instance
      • Introduction to the Oracle Database Instance
        • Database Instance Structure
        • Database Instance Configurations
        • Read/Write and Read-Only Instances
        • Duration of a Database Instance
        • Identification of a Database Instance
          • Oracle Base Directory
          • Oracle Home Directory
          • Oracle System Identifier (SID)
      • Overview of Database Instance Startup and Shutdown
        • Overview of Instance and Database Startup
          • Connection with Administrator Privileges
          • How an Instance Is Started
          • How a Database Is Mounted
          • How a Database Is Opened
            • Read-Only Mode
            • Database File Checks
        • Overview of Database and Instance Shutdown
          • Shutdown Modes
          • How a Database Is Closed
            • How a Database Is Closed During Normal Shutdown
            • How a Database Is Closed During Abnormal Shutdown
          • How a Database Is Unmounted
          • How an Instance Is Shut Down
      • Overview of Checkpoints
        • Purpose of Checkpoints
        • When Oracle Database Initiates Checkpoints
      • Overview of Instance Recovery
        • Purpose of Instance Recovery
        • When Oracle Database Performs Instance Recovery
        • Importance of Checkpoints for Instance Recovery
        • Instance Recovery Phases
      • Overview of Parameter Files
        • Initialization Parameters
          • Functional Groups of Initialization Parameters
          • Basic and Advanced Initialization Parameters
        • Server Parameter Files
        • Text Initialization Parameter Files
        • Modification of Initialization Parameter Values
      • Overview of Diagnostic Files
        • Automatic Diagnostic Repository
          • Problems and Incidents
          • ADR Structure
        • Alert Log
        • DDL Log
        • Trace Files
          • Types of Trace Files
          • Locations of Trace Files
          • Segmentation of Trace Files
        • Diagnostic Dumps
          • Trace Dumps and Incidents
    • 14 Memory Architecture
      • Introduction to Oracle Database Memory Structures
        • Basic Memory Structures
        • Oracle Database Memory Management
      • Overview of the User Global Area
      • Overview of the Program Global Area (PGA)
        • Contents of the PGA
          • Private SQL Area
          • SQL Work Areas
        • PGA Usage in Dedicated and Shared Server Modes
      • Overview of the System Global Area (SGA)
        • Database Buffer Cache
          • Purpose of the Database Buffer Cache
          • Buffer States
          • Buffer Modes
          • Buffer I/O
            • Buffer Replacement Algorithms
            • Buffer Writes
            • Buffer Reads
            • Buffer Touch Counts
          • Buffer Pools
          • Buffers and Full Table Scans
            • Default Mode for Full Table Scans
            • Parallel Query Execution
            • CACHE Attribute
            • KEEP Attribute
            • Force Full Database Caching Mode
        • Redo Log Buffer
        • Shared Pool
          • Library Cache
            • Shared SQL Areas
            • Program Units and the Library Cache
            • Allocation and Reuse of Memory in the Shared Pool
          • Data Dictionary Cache
          • Server Result Cache
            • SQL Query Result Cache
            • PL/SQL Function Result Cache
          • Reserved Pool
        • Large Pool
          • Large Pool Memory Management
          • Large Pool Buffers for Deferred Inserts
        • Java Pool
        • Fixed SGA
        • Optional Performance-Related SGA Subareas
          • In-Memory Area
          • Memoptimize Pool
      • Overview of Software Code Areas
    • 15 Process Architecture
      • Introduction to Processes
        • Types of Processes
        • Multiprocess and Multithreaded Oracle Database Systems
      • Overview of Client Processes
        • Client and Server Processes
        • Connections and Sessions
        • Database Operations
      • Overview of Server Processes
        • Dedicated Server Processes
        • Shared Server Processes
        • How Oracle Database Creates Server Processes
      • Overview of Background Processes
        • Mandatory Background Processes
          • Process Monitor Process (PMON) Group
            • Process Monitor Process (PMON)
            • Cleanup Main Process (CLMN)
            • Cleanup Helper Processes (CLnn)
            • Database Resource Quarantine
          • Process Manager (PMAN)
          • Listener Registration Process (LREG)
          • System Monitor Process (SMON)
          • Database Writer Process (DBW)
          • Log Writer Process (LGWR)
            • LGWR and Commits
            • LGWR and Inaccessible Files
          • Checkpoint Process (CKPT)
          • Manageability Monitor Processes (MMON and MMNL)
          • Recoverer Process (RECO)
        • Optional Background Processes
          • Archiver Processes (ARCn)
          • Job Queue Processes (CJQ0 and Jnnn)
          • Flashback Data Archive Process (FBDA)
          • Space Management Coordinator Process (SMCO)
        • Slave Processes
          • I/O Slave Processes
          • Parallel Execution (PX) Server Processes
            • Query Coordinator
            • Producers and Consumers
            • Granules
    • 16 Application and Oracle Net Services Architecture
      • Overview of Oracle Application Architecture
        • Overview of Client/Server Architecture
          • Distributed Processing
          • Advantages of a Client/Server Architecture
        • Overview of Multitier Architecture
          • Clients
          • Application Servers
          • Database Servers
          • Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
        • Overview of Grid Architecture
      • Overview of Oracle Net Services Architecture
        • How Oracle Net Services Works
        • The Oracle Net Listener
          • Service Names
          • Service Registration
        • Dedicated Server Architecture
        • Shared Server Architecture
          • Dispatcher Request and Response Queues
            • Dispatcher Processes (Dnnn)
            • Shared Server Processes (Snnn)
          • Restricted Operations of the Shared Server
        • Database Resident Connection Pooling
      • Overview of the Program Interface
        • Program Interface Structure
        • Program Interface Drivers
        • Communications Software for the Operating System
  • Part VI Oracle Database Administration and Application Development
    • 17 Topics for Database Administrators and Developers
      • Overview of Database Security
        • User Accounts
          • Privileges
          • Roles
          • Privilege Analysis
          • User Profiles
        • Database Authentication
        • Encryption
          • Network Encryption
          • Transparent Data Encryption
        • Oracle Data Redaction
        • Orientation
          • Oracle Database Vault
          • Virtual Private Database (VPD)
          • Oracle Label Security (OLS)
        • Data Access Monitoring
          • Database Auditing
            • Audit Policies
            • Audit Administrator Roles
          • Unified Audit Trail
          • Enterprise Manager Auditing Support
          • Oracle Audit Vault and Database Firewall
      • Overview of High Availability
        • High Availability and Unplanned Downtime
          • Site Failures
          • Computer Failures
          • Storage Failures
          • Data Corruption
          • Human Errors
        • High Availability and Planned Downtime
          • System and Database Changes
          • Data Changes
          • Application Changes
      • Overview of Grid Computing
        • Database Server Grid
          • Scalability
          • Fault Tolerance
          • Services
        • Oracle Flex Clusters
        • Database Storage Grid
      • Overview of Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
        • Data Warehousing and OLTP
        • Data Warehouse Architecture
          • Data Warehouse Architecture (Basic)
          • Data Warehouse Architecture (with a Staging Area)
          • Data Warehouse Architecture (with a Staging Area and Data Marts)
        • Overview of Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)
        • Business Intelligence
          • Analytic SQL
          • Analytic Views
          • OLAP
          • Oracle Advanced Analytics
            • Oracle Data Mining
            • Oracle R Enterprise
      • Overview of Oracle Information Integration
        • Federated Access
          • Distributed SQL
          • Database Links
        • Information Sharing
          • Oracle GoldenGate
          • Oracle Database Advanced Queuing (AQ)
            • Message Queuing and Dequeuing
            • Oracle Database Advanced Queuing Features
    • 18 Concepts for Database Administrators
      • Duties of Database Administrators
      • Tools for Database Administrators
        • Oracle Enterprise Manager
          • Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
          • Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express 12c
        • SQL*Plus
        • Tools for Database Installation and Configuration
        • Tools for Oracle Net Configuration and Administration
        • Tools for Data Movement and Analysis
          • SQL*Loader
          • Oracle Data Pump Export and Import
          • Oracle LogMiner
          • ADR Command Interpreter (ADRCI)
      • Topics for Database Administrators
        • Backup and Recovery
          • Backup and Recovery Techniques
          • Recovery Manager Architecture
          • Database Backups
            • Whole and Partial Database Backups
            • Consistent and Inconsistent Backups
            • Backup Sets and Image Copies
          • Data Repair
            • Oracle Flashback Technology
            • Data Recovery Advisor
            • Block Media Recovery
            • Data File Recovery
          • Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance
            • Benefits of Recovery Appliance
            • Recovery Appliance Environment
        • Memory Management
          • Automatic Memory Management
          • Shared Memory Management of the SGA
          • Memory Management of the Instance PGA
          • Summary of Memory Management Methods
        • Resource Management and Task Scheduling
          • Database Resource Manager
          • Oracle Scheduler
        • Performance and Tuning
          • Database Self-Monitoring
          • Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
          • Automatic Database Monitor (ADDM)
          • Active Session History (ASH)
          • Application and SQL Tuning
            • EXPLAIN PLAN Statement
            • Optimizer Statistics Advisor
            • SQL Tuning Advisor
            • SQL Access Advisor
            • SQL Plan Management
    • 19 Concepts for Database Developers
      • Duties of Database Developers
      • Tools for Database Developers
        • SQL Developer
        • Oracle Application Express
        • Oracle JDeveloper
        • Oracle Developer Tools for Visual Studio .NET
      • Topics for Database Developers
        • Principles of Application Design and Tuning
        • Client-Side Database Programming
          • Embedded SQL
            • Oracle Precompilers
            • SQLJ
          • Client-Side APIs
            • OCI and OCCI
            • ODBC and JDBC
        • Globalization Support
          • Globalization Support Environment
            • Character Sets
            • Locale-Specific Settings
          • Oracle Globalization Development Kit
        • Unstructured Data
          • Overview of XML in Oracle Database
          • Overview of JSON in Oracle Database
            • What Is JSON?
            • JSON and XML
            • Native Database Support for JSON
          • Overview of LOBs
            • Internal LOBs
            • External LOBs
            • SecureFiles
          • Overview of Oracle Text
          • Overview of Oracle Spatial and Graph
  • Glossary
  • Index

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  1. Database Concepts
  2. Oracle Instance Architecture

Part V Oracle Instance Architecture

This part describes the basic structural architecture of the Oracle database instance.

This part contains the following chapters:

  • Oracle Database Instance

  • Memory Architecture

  • Process Architecture

  • Application and Oracle Net Services Architecture

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