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Oracle® Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide
11
g
Release 2 (11.2)
Part Number E16795-13
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Contents
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Title and Copyright Information
Preface
Audience
Documentation Accessibility
Related Documents
Conventions
What's New in Oracle RAC Administration and Deployment?
Oracle Database 11
g
Release 2 (11.2.0.2) New Features in Oracle RAC
Oracle Database 11
g
Release 2 (11.2.0.1) New Features in Oracle RAC
1
Introduction to Oracle RAC
Overview of Oracle RAC
Overview of Oracle Clusterware for Oracle RAC
Overview of Oracle RAC Architecture and Processing
Understanding Cluster-Aware Storage Solutions
Overview of Connecting to Oracle Database Using Services and VIP Addresses
About Oracle RAC Software Components
About Oracle RAC Background Processes
Overview of Automatic Workload Management
Overview of Installing Oracle RAC
Understanding Compatibility in Oracle RAC Environments
Overview of Oracle RAC Installation and Database Creation
Overview of Extending the Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC Software
Overview of Managing Oracle RAC Environments
About Designing and Deploying Oracle RAC Environments
About Administrative Tools for Oracle RAC Environments
About Monitoring Oracle RAC Environments
About Evaluating Performance in Oracle RAC Environments
2
Administering Storage
Overview of Storage in Oracle RAC
Optimal Flexible Architecture
Data File Access in Oracle RAC
Redo Log File Storage in Oracle RAC
Automatic Undo Management in Oracle RAC
Oracle Automatic Storage Management with Oracle RAC
Storage Management in Oracle RAC
Modifying Disk Group Configurations for Oracle ASM
Oracle ASM Disk Group Management
Configuring Preferred Mirror Read Disks in Extended Distance Clusters
Converting Nonclustered Oracle ASM to Clustered Oracle ASM
Administering Oracle ASM Instances with SRVCTL in Oracle RAC
3
Administering Database Instances and Cluster Databases
Tools for Administering Oracle RAC
Overview of Oracle RAC Database Administration
Administering Oracle RAC with Oracle Enterprise Manager
Administering Oracle RAC with SQL*Plus
Changing the SQL*Plus Prompt
How SQL*Plus Commands Affect Instances
Administering Oracle RAC with SRVCTL
Starting and Stopping Instances and Oracle RAC Databases
Overview of Starting and Stopping Oracle RAC Instances
Starting and Stopping with Oracle Enterprise Manager
Starting Up and Shutting Down with SQL*Plus
Starting Up and Shutting Down with SRVCTL
Verifying That Instances are Running
Terminating Sessions On a Specific Cluster Instance
Overview of Initialization Parameter Files in Oracle RAC
Setting SPFILE Parameter Values for Oracle RAC
Parameter File Search Order in Oracle RAC
Backing Up the Server Parameter File
Initialization Parameter Use in Oracle RAC
Parameters That Must Have Identical Settings on All Instances
Parameters That Have Unique Settings on All Instances
Parameters That Should Have Identical Settings on All Instances
Converting an Administrator-Managed Database to a Policy-Managed Database
Quiescing Oracle RAC Databases
Administering Multiple Cluster Interconnects on Linux and UNIX Platforms
Recommendations for Setting the CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS Parameter
Usage Examples for the CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS Parameter
Customizing How Oracle Clusterware Manages Oracle RAC Databases
Advanced Oracle Enterprise Manager Administration
Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control to Discover Nodes and Instances
Other Oracle Enterprise Manager Capabilities
Administering Jobs and Alerts in Oracle RAC
Administering Jobs in Oracle RAC
Administering Alerts in Oracle RAC with Oracle Enterprise Manager
Performing Scheduled Maintenance Using Defined Blackouts in Oracle Enterprise Manager
4
Administering Oracle RAC One Node
Overview of Oracle Real Application Clusters One Node
Adding an Oracle RAC One Node Database
Converting Databases
Converting a Database from Oracle RAC to Oracle RAC One Node
Converting a Database from Oracle RAC One Node to Oracle RAC
Online Database Relocation
5
Introduction to Automatic Workload Management
Overview of Automatic Workload Management
Automatic Workload Repository
Service Deployment Options
Using Oracle Services
Service Characteristics
Service Name
Net Service Name
Service Edition
Service Management Policy
Database Role for a Service
Instance Preference
Server Pool Assignment
Load Balancing Advisory Goal for Runtime Connection Load Balancing
Connection Load Balancing Goal
Distributed Transaction Processing
Subscription to High Availability Events
Transparent Application Failover Policy
Service Usage in an Oracle RAC Database
Resource Profile for a Service
Database Resource Manager Consumer Group Mappings for Services
Performance Monitoring by Service with AWR
Parallel Operations and Services
Oracle Streams and Oracle RAC
Default Service Connections
Connection Load Balancing
Client-Side Load Balancing
Generic Database Clients
Other Client-Side Connection Features
JDBC Clients
Oracle Call Interface Clients
Server-Side Load Balancing
Fast Application Notification
Overview of Fast Application Notification
Application High Availability with Services and FAN
Managing Unplanned Outages
Managing Planned Outages
Fast Application Notification High Availability Events
Using Fast Application Notification Callouts
User Callout Events
Load Balancing Advisory
Overview of the Load Balancing Advisory
Configuring Your Environment to Use the Load Balancing Advisory
Load Balancing Advisory FAN Events
Monitoring Load Balancing Advisory FAN Events
Oracle Clients That Are Integrated with Fast Application Notification
Overview of Oracle Integrated Clients and FAN
Enabling JDBC Clients for Fast Connection Failover
Oracle Notification Service for JDBC Clients
Configuring FCF for JDBC/OCI and JDBC Thin Driver Clients
Enabling JDBC Clients for Runtime Connection Load Balancing
Enabling Oracle Call Interface Clients for Fast Connection Failover
Enabling Oracle Call Interface Clients for Runtime Connection Load Balancing
Enabling ODP.NET Clients to Receive FAN High Availability Events
Enabling ODP.NET Clients to Receive FAN Load Balancing Advisory Events
Services and Distributed Transaction Processing in Oracle RAC
Overview of XA Transactions and DTP Services
Benefits of DTP Services for XA Transactions
Using DTP Services with Oracle RAC
Configuring DTP Services
Relocating DTP Services in Administrator-Managed Databases
Administering Services
Overview of Service Administration
Administering Services with Oracle Enterprise Manager
Administering Services with SRVCTL
Creating Services with SRVCTL
Starting and Stopping Services with SRVCTL
Enabling and Disabling Services with SRVCTL
Relocating Services with SRVCTL
Obtaining the Statuses of Services with SRVCTL
Obtaining the Configuration of Services with SRVCTL
Measuring Performance by Service Using the Automatic Workload Repository
Automatic Workload Repository Service Thresholds and Alerts
Example of Services and Thresholds Alerts
Enable Service, Module, and Action Monitoring
6
Configuring Recovery Manager and Archiving
Overview of Configuring RMAN for Oracle RAC
Archiving Mode in Oracle RAC
Configuring the RMAN Snapshot Control File Location
Configuring RMAN to Automatically Backup the Control File and SPFILE
Crosschecking on Multiple Oracle RAC Nodes
Configuring Channels for RMAN in Oracle RAC
Configuring Channels to Use Automatic Load Balancing
Configuring Channels to Use a Specific Node
Managing Archived Redo Logs Using RMAN in Oracle RAC
Archived Redo Log File Conventions in Oracle RAC
RMAN Archiving Configuration Scenarios
Oracle Automatic Storage Management and Cluster File System Archiving Scheme
Advantages of the Cluster File System Archiving Scheme
Initialization Parameter Settings for the Cluster File System Archiving Scheme
Location of Archived Logs for the Cluster File System Archiving Scheme
Noncluster File System Local Archiving Scheme
Considerations for Using Noncluster File System Local Archiving
Initialization Parameter Settings for Noncluster File System Local Archiving
Location of Archived Logs for Noncluster File System Local Archiving
File System Configuration for Noncluster File System Local Archiving
Monitoring the Archiver Processes
7
Managing Backup and Recovery
RMAN Backup Scenario for Noncluster File System Backups
RMAN Restore Scenarios for Oracle RAC
Restoring Backups from a Cluster File System
Restoring Backups from a Noncluster File System
Using RMAN or Oracle Enterprise Manager to Restore the Server Parameter File (SPFILE)
Instance Recovery in Oracle RAC
Single Node Failure in Oracle RAC
Multiple-Node Failures in Oracle RAC
Using RMAN to Create Backups in Oracle RAC
Channel Connections to Cluster Instances with RMAN
Node Affinity Awareness of Fast Connections
Deleting Archived Redo Logs after a Successful Backup
Autolocation for Backup and Restore Commands
Media Recovery in Oracle RAC
Parallel Recovery in Oracle RAC
Parallel Recovery with RMAN
Disabling Parallel Recovery
Disabling Instance and Crash Recovery Parallelism
Disabling Media Recovery Parallelism
Using a Fast Recovery Area in Oracle RAC
8
Cloning Oracle RAC to Nodes in a New Cluster
Introduction to Cloning Oracle RAC
Preparing to Clone Oracle RAC
Deploying Oracle RAC Clone to Nodes in a Cluster
Locating and Viewing Log Files Generated During Cloning
9
Using Cloning to Extend Oracle RAC to Nodes in the Same Cluster
About Adding Nodes Using Cloning in Oracle RAC Environments
Cloning Local Oracle Homes on Linux and UNIX Systems
Cloning Shared Oracle Homes on Linux and UNIX Systems
Cloning Oracle Homes on Windows Systems
10
Adding and Deleting Oracle RAC from Nodes on Linux and UNIX Systems
Adding Oracle RAC to Nodes with Oracle Clusterware Installed
Adding Policy-Managed Oracle RAC Database Instances to Target Nodes
Adding Administrator-Managed Oracle RAC Database Instances to Target Nodes
Using DBCA in Interactive Mode to Add Database Instances to Target Nodes
Using DBCA in Silent Mode to Add Database Instances to Target Nodes
Deleting Oracle RAC from a Cluster Node
Deleting Instances from Oracle RAC Databases
Using DBCA in Interactive Mode to Delete Instances from Nodes
Using DBCA in Silent Mode to Delete Instances from Nodes
Removing Oracle RAC
Deleting Nodes from the Cluster
11
Adding and Deleting Oracle RAC from Nodes on Windows Systems
Adding Oracle RAC to Nodes with Oracle Clusterware Installed
Adding Administrator-Managed Oracle RAC Database Instances to Target Nodes
Using DBCA in Interactive Mode to Add Database Instances to Target Nodes
Using DBCA in Silent Mode to Add Database Instances to Target Nodes
Deleting Oracle RAC from a Cluster Node
Deleting Instances from Oracle RAC Databases
Using DBCA in Interactive Mode to Delete Instances from Nodes
Using DBCA in Silent Mode to Delete Instances from Nodes
Removing Oracle RAC
Deleting Nodes from the Cluster
12
Design and Deployment Techniques
Deploying Oracle RAC for High Availability
About Designing a High Availability System
Best Practices for Deploying Oracle RAC in a High Availability Environment
Consolidating Multiple Applications in a Database or Multiple Databases in a Cluster
Scalability of Oracle RAC
General Design Considerations for Oracle RAC
General Database Deployment Topics for Oracle RAC
Tablespace Use in Oracle RAC
Object Creation and Performance in Oracle RAC
Node Addition and Deletion and the SYSAUX Tablespace in Oracle RAC
Distributed Transactions and Oracle RAC
Deploying OLTP Applications in Oracle RAC
Flexible Implementation with Cache Fusion
Deploying Data Warehouse Applications with Oracle RAC
Speed-Up for Data Warehouse Applications on Oracle RAC
Parallel Execution in Data Warehouse Systems and Oracle RAC
Data Security Considerations in Oracle RAC
Transparent Data Encryption and Wallets
Windows Firewall Considerations
13
Monitoring Performance
Overview of Monitoring and Tuning Oracle RAC Databases
Monitoring Oracle RAC and Oracle Clusterware
The Cluster Database Home Page
The Interconnects Page
The Cluster Performance Page
Tuning Oracle RAC Databases
Verifying the Interconnect Settings for Oracle RAC
Influencing Interconnect Processing
Performance Views in Oracle RAC
Creating Oracle RAC Data Dictionary Views with CATCLUST.SQL
Oracle RAC Performance Statistics
Automatic Workload Repository in Oracle RAC Environments
Active Session History Reports for Oracle RAC
Overview of ASH Reports for Oracle RAC
ASH Report for Oracle RAC: Top Cluster Events
ASH Report for Oracle RAC: Top Remote Instance
Monitoring Oracle RAC Statistics and Wait Events
Oracle RAC Statistics and Events in AWR and Statspack Reports
Oracle RAC Wait Events
Monitoring Performance by Analyzing GCS and GES Statistics
Analyzing the Effect of Cache Fusion in Oracle RAC
Analyzing Performance Using GCS and GES Statistics
Analyzing Cache Fusion Transfer Impact Using GCS Statistics
Analyzing Response Times Based on Wait Events
Block-Related Wait Events
Message-Related Wait Events
Contention-Related Wait Events
Load-Related Wait Events
A
Server Control Utility Reference
Using SRVCTL
Overview of SRVCTL
Operational Notes for SRVCTL
Usage Information
Character Set and Case Sensitivity of Object Values
Summary of Tasks for Which SRVCTL Is Used
Using SRVCTL Help
Privileges and Security
Additional Topics on SRVCTL
Deprecated Subprograms or Commands
SRVCTL Command Reference
add
srvctl add asm
srvctl add cvu
srvctl add database
srvctl add filesystem
srvctl add gns
srvctl add instance
srvctl add listener
srvctl add network
srvctl add nodeapps
srvctl add oc4j
srvctl add ons
srvctl add scan
srvctl add scan_listener
srvctl add service
srvctl add srvpool
srvctl add vip
config
srvctl config asm
srvctl config cvu
srvctl config database
srvctl config filesystem
srvctl config gns
srvctl config listener
srvctl config nodeapps
srvctl config oc4j
srvctl config ons
srvctl config scan
srvctl config scan_listener
srvctl config service
srvctl config srvpool
srvctl config vip
convert
disable
srvctl disable asm
srvctl disable cvu
srvctl disable database
srvctl disable diskgroup
srvctl disable filesystem
srvctl disable gns
srvctl disable instance
srvctl disable listener
srvctl disable nodeapps
srvctl disable oc4j
srvctl disable ons
srvctl disable scan
srvctl disable scan_listener
srvctl disable service
srvctl disable vip
downgrade
srvctl downgrade database
enable
srvctl enable asm
srvctl enable cvu
srvctl enable database
srvctl enable diskgroup
srvctl enable filesystem
srvctl enable gns
srvctl enable instance
srvctl enable listener
srvctl enable nodeapps
srvctl enable oc4j
srvctl enable ons
srvctl enable scan
srvctl enable scan_listener
srvctl enable service
srvctl enable vip
getenv
srvctl getenv asm
srvctl getenv database
srvctl getenv listener
srvctl getenv nodeapps
srvctl getenv vip
modify
srvctl modify asm
srvctl modify cvu
srvctl modify database
srvctl modify filesystem
srvctl modify gns
srvctl modify instance
srvctl modify listener
srvctl modify network
srvctl modify nodeapps
srvctl modify oc4j
srvctl modify ons
srvctl modify scan
srvctl modify scan_listener
srvctl modify service
srvctl modify srvpool
relocate
srvctl relocate cvu
srvctl relocate database
srvctl relocate gns
srvctl relocate oc4j
srvctl relocate scan
srvctl relocate scan_listener
srvctl relocate server
srvctl relocate service
srvctl relocate vip
remove
srvctl remove asm
srvctl remove cvu
srvctl remove database
srvctl remove diskgroup
srvctl remove filesystem
srvctl remove gns
srvctl remove instance
srvctl remove listener
srvctl remove nodeapps
srvctl remove oc4j
srvctl remove ons
srvctl remove scan
srvctl remove scan_listener
srvctl remove service
srvctl remove srvpool
srvctl remove vip
setenv
srvctl setenv asm
srvctl setenv database
srvctl setenv listener
srvctl setenv nodeapps
srvctl setenv vip
start
srvctl start asm
srvctl start cvu
srvctl start database
srvctl start diskgroup
srvctl start filesystem
srvctl start gns
srvctl start home
srvctl start instance
srvctl start listener
srvctl start nodeapps
srvctl start oc4j
srvctl start ons
srvctl start scan
srvctl start scan_listener
srvctl start service
srvctl start vip
status
srvctl status asm
srvctl status cvu
srvctl status database
srvctl status diskgroup
srvctl status filesystem
srvctl status gns
srvctl status home
srvctl status instance
srvctl status listener
srvctl status nodeapps
srvctl status oc4j
srvctl status ons
srvctl status scan
srvctl status scan_listener
srvctl status server
srvctl status service
srvctl status srvpool
srvctl status vip
stop
srvctl stop asm
srvctl stop cvu
srvctl stop database
srvctl stop diskgroup
srvctl stop filesystem
srvctl stop gns
srvctl stop home
srvctl stop instance
srvctl stop listener
srvctl stop nodeapps
srvctl stop oc4j
srvctl stop ons
srvctl stop scan
srvctl stop scan_listener
srvctl stop service
srvctl stop vip
unsetenv
srvctl unsetenv asm
srvctl unsetenv database
srvctl unsetenv listener
srvctl unsetenv nodeapps
srvctl unsetenv vip
upgrade
srvctl upgrade database
B
Troubleshooting Oracle RAC
Where to Find Files for Analyzing Errors
Managing Diagnostic Data in Oracle RAC
Using Instance-Specific Alert Files in Oracle RAC
Enabling Tracing for Java-Based Tools and Utilities in Oracle RAC
Resolving Pending Shutdown Issues
How to Determine If Oracle RAC Instances Are Using the Private Network
Glossary
Index
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