Contents

List of Examples

List of Figures

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Documentation Accessibility
• Related Documents
• Conventions

What's New in Semantic Technologies?

• Release 11.2 Features
• Release 11.1 Features

Part I Conceptual and Usage Information

1 Oracle Database Semantic Technologies Overview

• 1.1 Introduction to Oracle Semantic Technologies
• 1.2 Semantic Data Modeling
• 1.3 Semantic Data in the Database
  • 1.3.1 Metadata for Models
  • 1.3.2 Statements
    • 1.3.2.1 Triple Uniqueness and Data Types for Literals
  • 1.3.3 Subjects and Objects
  • 1.3.4 Blank Nodes
  • 1.3.5 Properties
  • 1.3.6 Inferencing: Rules and Rulebases
  • 1.3.7 Entailments (Rules Indexes)
  • 1.3.8 Virtual Models
  • 1.3.9 Named Graphs
    • 1.3.9.1 Data Formats Related to Named Graph Support
  • 1.3.10 Semantic Data Security Considerations
• 1.4 Semantic Metadata Tables and Views
• 1.5 Semantic Data Types, Constructors, and Methods
  • 1.5.1 Constructors for Inserting Triples
• 1.6 Using the SEM_MATCH Table Function to Query Semantic Data
  • 1.6.1 Performing Queries with Incomplete or Invalid Entailments
  • 1.6.2 Graph Patterns: Support for Curly Brace Syntax, and OPTIONAL, FILTER, UNION, and GRAPH Keywords
    • 1.6.2.1 GRAPH Keyword Support
  • 1.6.3 Graph Patterns: Support for SPARQL SELECT Syntax
  • 1.6.4 Inline Query Optimizer Hints
  • 1.6.5 Full-Text Search
  • 1.6.6 Spatial Support
    • 1.6.6.1 Representing Spatial Data in RDF
    • 1.6.6.2 Indexing Spatial Data
    • 1.6.6.3 Querying Spatial Data
  • 1.6.7 Best Practices for Query Performance
    • 1.6.7.1 FILTER Constructs Involving xsd:dateTime, xsd:date, and xsd:time
    • 1.6.7.2 Function-Based Indexes for FILTER Constructs Involving Typed Literals
    • 1.6.7.3 FILTER Constructs Involving Relational Expressions
    • 1.6.7.4 Optimizer Statistics and Dynamic Sampling
    • 1.6.7.5 Multi-Partition Queries
• 1.7 Loading and Exporting Semantic Data
  • 1.7.1 Bulk Loading Semantic Data Using a Staging Table
    • 1.7.1.1 Loading the Staging Table
    • 1.7.1.2 Recording Event Traces During Bulk Loading
  • 1.7.2 Batch Loading N-Triple Format Semantic Data Using the Java API
  • 1.7.3 Loading Semantic Data Using INSERT Statements
    • 1.7.3.1 Loading Data into Named Graphs Using INSERT Statements
  • 1.7.4 Exporting Semantic Data
    • 1.7.4.1 Retrieving Semantic Data from an Application Table
    • 1.7.4.2 Retrieving Semantic Data from an RDF Model
    • 1.7.4.3 Removing Model and Graph Information from Retrieved Blank Node Identifiers
• 1.8 Using Semantic Network Indexes
  • 1.8.1 MDSYS.SEM_NETWORK_INDEX_INFO View
• 1.9 Using Data Type Indexes
• 1.10 Quick Start for Using Semantic Data
• 1.11 Semantic Data Examples (PL/SQL and Java)
  • 1.11.1 Example: Journal Article Information
  • 1.11.2 Example: Family Information
• 1.12 Software Naming Changes for Semantic Technologies
• 1.13 For More Information About Semantic Technologies

2 OWL Concepts

• 2.1 Ontologies
  • 2.1.1 Example: Cancer Ontology
  • 2.1.2 Supported OWL Subsets
• 2.2 Using OWL Inferencing
  • 2.2.1 Creating a Simple OWL Ontology
  • 2.2.2 Performing Native OWL inferencing
  • 2.2.3 Performing OWL and User-Defined Rules inferencing
  • 2.2.4 Generating OWL inferencing Proofs
  • 2.2.5 Validating OWL Models and Entailments
  • 2.2.6 Using SEM_APIS.CREATE_ENTAILMENT for RDFS Inference
  • 2.2.7 Enhancing Inference Performance
  • 2.2.8 Optimizing owl:sameAs Inference
    • 2.2.8.1 Querying owl:sameAs Consolidated Inference Graphs
  • 2.2.9 Performing Incremental Inference
  • 2.2.10 Using Parallel Inference
  • 2.2.11 Using Named Graph Based Inferencing (Global and Local)
    • 2.2.11.1 Named Graph Based Global Inference (NGGI)
    • 2.2.11.2 Named Graph Based Local Inference (NGLI)
    • 2.2.11.3 Using NGGI and NGLI Together
  • 2.2.12 Performing Selective Inferencing (Advanced Information)
• 2.3 Using Semantic Operators to Query Relational Data
  • 2.3.1 Using the SEM_RELATED Operator
  • 2.3.2 Using the SEM_DISTANCE Ancillary Operator
    • 2.3.2.1 Computation of Distance Information
  • 2.3.3 Creating a Semantic Index of Type MDSYS.SEM_INDEXTYPE
  • 2.3.4 Using SEM_RELATED and SEM_DISTANCE When the Indexed Column Is Not the First Parameter
  • 2.3.5 Using URIPREFIX When Values Are Not Stored as URIs

3 Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) Support

• 3.1 Supported and Unsupported SKOS Semantics
  • 3.1.1 Supported SKOS Semantics
  • 3.1.2 Unsupported SKOS Semantics
• 3.2 Performing Inference on SKOS Models
  • 3.2.1 Validating SKOS Models and Entailments
  • 3.2.2 Property Chain Handling

4 Semantic Indexing for Documents

• 4.1 Information Extractors for Semantically Indexing Documents
• 4.2 Extractor Policies
• 4.3 Semantically Indexing Documents
• 4.4 SEM_CONTAINS and Ancillary Operators
  • 4.4.1 SEM_CONTAINS_SELECT Ancillary Operator
  • 4.4.2 SEM_CONTAINS_COUNT Ancillary Operator
• 4.5 Searching for Documents Using SPARQL Query Patterns
• 4.6 Bindings for SPARQL Variables in Matching Subgraphs in a Document (SEM_CONTAINS_SELECT Ancillary Operator)
• 4.7 Improving the Quality of Document Search Operations
• 4.8 Indexing External Documents
• 4.9 Configuring the Calais Extractor type
• 4.10 Working with General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE)
• 4.11 Creating a New Extractor Type
• 4.12 Creating a Local Semantic Index on a Range-Partitioned Table
• 4.13 Altering a Semantic Index
  • 4.13.1 Rebuilding Content for All Existing Policies in a Semantic Index
  • 4.13.2 Rebuilding to Add Content for a New Policy to a Semantic Index
  • 4.13.3 Rebuilding Content for an Existing Policy from a Semantic Index
  • 4.13.4 Rebuilding to Drop Content for an Existing Policy from a Semantic Index
• 4.14 Passing Extractor-Specific Parameters in CREATE INDEX and ALTER INDEX
• 4.15 Performing Document-Centric Inference
• 4.16 Metadata Views for Semantic Indexing
  • 4.16.1 MDSYS.RDFCTX_POLICIES View
  • 4.16.2 RDFCTX_INDEX_POLICIES View
  • 4.16.3 RDFCTX_INDEX_EXCEPTIONS View
• 4.17 Default Style Sheet for GATE Extractor Output

5 Fine-Grained Access Control for RDF Data

• 5.1 Virtual Private Database (VPD) for RDF Data
  • 5.1.1 VPD Policy for RDF Data
  • 5.1.2 RDF Metadata for Enforcing VPD Policies
  • 5.1.3 Data Access Constraints
  • 5.1.4 RDFVPD_POLICIES View
  • 5.1.5 RDFVPD_MODELS View
  • 5.1.6 RDFVPD_POLICY_CONSTRAINTS View
  • 5.1.7 RDFVPD_PREDICATE_MDATA View
  • 5.1.8 RDFVPD_RESOURCE_REL View
• 5.2 Oracle Label Security (OLS) for RDF Data
  • 5.2.1 Triple-Level Security
  • 5.2.2 Resource-Level Security
    • 5.2.2.1 Securing RDF Subjects
    • 5.2.2.2 Securing RDF Predicates
    • 5.2.2.3 Securing RDF Objects
    • 5.2.2.4 Generating Labels for Inferred Triples
    • 5.2.2.5 Using Labels Based on Application Logic
    • 5.2.2.6 RDFOLS_SECURE_RESOURCE View

6 Workspace Manager Support for RDF Data

• 6.1 Enabling Workspace Manager Support for RDF Data
  • 6.1.1 Removing Workspace Manager Support for RDF Data
• 6.2 Version-Enabling an RDF Model
• 6.3 Inferring from Version-Enabled RDF Models
• 6.4 Merging and Refreshing Workspaces in Version-Enabled RDF Models
• 6.5 Special Considerations When Using Workspace Manager Support for RDF Data
• 6.6 Usage Flow Example: Versioning Semantic Models

7 Jena Adapter for Oracle Database

• 7.1 Setting Up the Software Environment
• 7.2 Setting Up the SPARQL Service
  • 7.2.1 Creating the Required Data Source Using WebLogic Server
  • 7.2.2 Configuring the SPARQL Service
    • 7.2.2.1 Client Identifiers
    • 7.2.2.2 Using OLTP Compression for Application Tables and Staging Tables
  • 7.2.3 Terminating Long-Running SPARQL Queries
  • 7.2.4 N-Triples Encoding for Non-ASCII Characters
• 7.3 Setting Up the Semantic Technologies Environment
• 7.4 SEM_MATCH and Jena Adapter Queries Compared
• 7.5 Optimized Handling of SPARQL Queries
  • 7.5.1 Compilation of SPARQL queries to a single SEM_MATCH Call
  • 7.5.2 Optimized Handling of Property Paths
• 7.6 Additions to the SPARQL Syntax to Support Other Features
  • 7.6.1 SQL Hints
  • 7.6.2 Using Bind Variables in SPARQL Queries
  • 7.6.3 Additional WHERE Clause Predicates
  • 7.6.4 Additional Query Options
    • 7.6.4.1 JOIN Option and Federated Queries
    • 7.6.4.2 S2S Option Benefits and Usage Information
  • 7.6.5 Midtier Resource Caching
• 7.7 Functions Supported in SPARQL Queries through the Jena Adapter
  • 7.7.1 Functions in the ARQ Function Library
  • 7.7.2 Native Oracle Database Functions for Projected Variables
  • 7.7.3 User-Defined Functions
• 7.8 SPARQL Update Support
• 7.9 Analytical Functions for RDF Data
  • 7.9.1 Generating Contextual Information about a Path in a Graph
• 7.10 Support for Server-Side APIs
  • 7.10.1 Virtual Models Support
  • 7.10.2 Connection Pooling Support
  • 7.10.3 Semantic Model PL/SQL Interfaces
  • 7.10.4 Inference Options
  • 7.10.5 PelletInfGraph Class Support Deprecated
• 7.11 Bulk Loading Using the Jena Adapter
  • 7.11.1 Using prepareBulk in Parallel (Multithreaded) Mode
  • 7.11.2 Handling Illegal Syntax During Data Loading
• 7.12 Automatic Variable Renaming
• 7.13 JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Format Support
• 7.14 Other Recommendations and Guidelines
  • 7.14.1 BOUND or !BOUND Instead of EXISTS or NOT EXISTS
  • 7.14.2 SPARQL 1.1 SELECT Expressions
  • 7.14.3 Syntax Involving Bnodes (Blank Nodes)
  • 7.14.4 Limit in the SERVICE Clause
  • 7.14.5 OracleGraphWrapperForOntModel Class for Better Performance
• 7.15 Example Queries Using the Jena Adapter
  • 7.15.1 Test.java: Query Family Relationships
  • 7.15.2 Test6.java: Load OWL Ontology and Perform OWLPrime inference
  • 7.15.3 Test7.java: Bulk Load OWL Ontology and Perform OWLPrime inference
  • 7.15.4 Test8.java: SPARQL OPTIONAL Query
  • 7.15.5 Test9.java: SPARQL Query with LIMIT and OFFSET
  • 7.15.6 Test10.java: SPARQL Query with TIMEOUT and DOP
  • 7.15.7 Test11.java: Query Involving Named Graphs
  • 7.15.8 Test12.java: SPARQL ASK Query
  • 7.15.9 Test13.java: SPARQL DESCRIBE Query
  • 7.15.10 Test14.java: SPARQL CONSTRUCT Query
  • 7.15.11 Test15.java: Query Multiple Models and Specify "Allow Duplicates"
  • 7.15.12 Test16.java: SPARQL Update
  • 7.15.13 Test17.java: SPARQL Query with ARQ Built-In Functions
  • 7.15.14 Test18.java: SELECT Cast Query
  • 7.15.15 Test19.java: Instantiate Oracle Database Using OracleConnection
  • 7.15.16 Test20.java: Oracle Database Connection Pooling
• 7.16 SPARQL Gateway and Semantic Data
  • 7.16.1 SPARQL Gateway Features and Benefits Overview
  • 7.16.2 Installing and Configuring SPARQL Gateway
    • 7.16.2.1 Download the Jena Adapter .zip File (if Not Already Done)
    • 7.16.2.2 Deploy SPARQL Gateway in WebLogic Server
    • 7.16.2.3 Modify Proxy Settings, if Necessary
    • 7.16.2.4 Configure the OracleSGDS Data Source, if Necessary
    • 7.16.2.5 Add and Configure the SparqlGatewayAdminGroup Group, if Desired
  • 7.16.3 Using SPARQL Gateway with Semantic Data
    • 7.16.3.1 Storing SPARQL Queries and XSL Transformations
    • 7.16.3.2 Specifying a Timeout Value
    • 7.16.3.3 Specifying Best Effort Query Execution
    • 7.16.3.4 Specifying a Content Type Other Than text/xml
  • 7.16.4 Customizing the Default XSLT File
  • 7.16.5 Using the SPARQL Gateway Java API
  • 7.16.6 Using the SPARQL Gateway Graphical Web Interface
    • 7.16.6.1 Main Page (index.html)
    • 7.16.6.2 Navigation and Browsing Page (browse.jsp)
    • 7.16.6.3 XSLT Management Page (xslt.jsp)
    • 7.16.6.4 SPARQL Management Page (sparql.jsp)
  • 7.16.7 Using SPARQL Gateway as an XML Data Source to OBIEE

8 Sesame Adapter for Oracle Database

• 8.1 Sesame Adapter Overview
• 8.2 Setup and Configuration for the Sesame Adapter
  • 8.2.1 Setting Up the Software Environment
  • 8.2.2 Setting Up the SPARQL Service
    • 8.2.2.1 Creating the Required Data Source Using WebLogic Server
    • 8.2.2.2 Configuring the SPARQL Service
    • 8.2.2.3 Terminating Long-Running SPARQL Queries
  • 8.2.3 Setting Up the Semantic Technologies Environment
• 8.3 SEM_MATCH and Sesame Adapter Queries Compared
• 8.4 Optimized Handling of SPARQL Queries
  • 8.4.1 Compilation of SPARQL Queries to a Single SEM_MATCH Call
• 8.5 Recommendations for Best Performance
  • 8.5.1 Statement Storage and Implications for Sesame Adapter Queries
• 8.6 Additions to the SPARQL Syntax to Support Other Features
  • 8.6.1 SQL Hints
  • 8.6.2 Additional WHERE Clause Predicates
  • 8.6.3 Additional Query Options
• 8.7 Support for Server-Side APIs
  • 8.7.1 Virtual Models Support
  • 8.7.2 Connection Pooling Support
  • 8.7.3 Semantic Model PL/SQL Interfaces
  • 8.7.4 Inference Options
• 8.8 Oracle-Specific Extensions to Sesame APIs
  • 8.8.1 Statement Uniqueness
  • 8.8.2 Indexes and Interoperability with the Jena Adapter
  • 8.8.3 Inference
  • 8.8.4 Performing Analysis Operations
• 8.9 Using the Sesame Console with the Sesame Adapter
• 8.10 Example Queries Using the Sesame Adapter
  • 8.10.1 Example1.java: Basic Operations
  • 8.10.2 Example2.java: Add a Data File (in TRIG format)
  • 8.10.3 Example3.java: Simple Query
  • 8.10.4 Example4.java: Simple Bulk Load
  • 8.10.5 Example5.java: Bulk Load RDF/XML and Application Table Index Maintenance
  • 8.10.6 Example6.java: Bulk Load With StatusListener to Handle Loading with Bad Data
  • 8.10.7 Example7.java: Load Data from Sesame Store into Oracle Database
  • 8.10.8 Example8.java: SPARQL ASK Query
  • 8.10.9 Example9.java: SPARQL CONSTRUCT and DESCRIBE
  • 8.10.10 Example10.java: Inference
  • 8.10.11 Example11.java: Named Graph Query
  • 8.10.12 Example12.java: Indexes on Application Table [Advanced]
  • 8.10.13 Example13.java: Uniqueness Constraint on Application Table [Advanced]
  • 8.10.14 Example14.java: Query Timeout and Parallel Execution [Advanced]
  • 8.10.15 Example15.java: Get COUNT of Matches [Advanced]
  • 8.10.16 Example16.java: Specify Bind Variable for Constant in Query Pattern [Advanced]
  • 8.10.17 Example17.java: Specify Bind Variable for Constant in Different Position in Query Pattern [Advanced]
  • 8.10.18 Example18.java: Build URIs from Internal Numeric IDs [Advanced]

Part II Reference and Supplementary Information

9 SEM_APIS Package Subprograms

• SEM_APIS.ADD_DATATYPE_INDEX
• SEM_APIS.ADD_SEM_INDEX
• SEM_APIS.ALTER_DATATYPE_INDEX
• SEM_APIS.ALTER_ENTAILMENT
• SEM_APIS.ALTER_MODEL
• SEM_APIS.ALTER_SEM_INDEX_ON_ENTAILMENT
• SEM_APIS.ALTER_SEM_INDEX_ON_MODEL
• SEM_APIS.ANALYZE_ENTAILMENT
• SEM_APIS.ANALYZE_MODEL
• SEM_APIS.BULK_LOAD_FROM_STAGING_TABLE
• SEM_APIS.CLEANUP_FAILED
• SEM_APIS.COMPOSE_RDF_TERM
• SEM_APIS.CREATE_ENTAILMENT
• SEM_APIS.CREATE_RULEBASE
• SEM_APIS.CREATE_SEM_MODEL
• SEM_APIS.CREATE_SEM_NETWORK
• SEM_APIS.CREATE_SOURCE_EXTERNAL_TABLE
• SEM_APIS.CREATE_VIRTUAL_MODEL
• SEM_APIS.DISABLE_CHANGE_TRACKING
• SEM_APIS.DISABLE_INC_INFERENCE
• SEM_APIS.DROP_DATATYPE_INDEX
• SEM_APIS.DROP_ENTAILMENT
• SEM_APIS.DROP_RULEBASE
• SEM_APIS.DROP_SEM_INDEX
• SEM_APIS.DROP_SEM_MODEL
• SEM_APIS.DROP_SEM_NETWORK
• SEM_APIS.DROP_USER_INFERENCE_OBJS
• SEM_APIS.DROP_VIRTUAL_MODEL
• SEM_APIS.ENABLE_CHANGE_TRACKING
• SEM_APIS.ENABLE_INC_INFERENCE
• SEM_APIS.GET_CHANGE_TRACKING_INFO
• SEM_APIS.GET_INC_INF_INFO
• SEM_APIS.GET_MODEL_ID
• SEM_APIS.GET_MODEL_NAME
• SEM_APIS.GET_TRIPLE_ID
• SEM_APIS.GETV$DATETIMETZVAL
• SEM_APIS.GETV$DATETZVAL
• SEM_APIS.GETV$NUMERICVAL
• SEM_APIS.GETV$STRINGVAL
• SEM_APIS.GETV$TIMETZVAL
• SEM_APIS.IS_TRIPLE
• SEM_APIS.LOAD_INTO_STAGING_TABLE
• SEM_APIS.LOOKUP_ENTAILMENT
• SEM_APIS.MERGE_MODELS
• SEM_APIS.REFRESH_SEM_NETWORK_INDEX_INFO
• SEM_APIS.REMOVE_DUPLICATES
• SEM_APIS.RENAME_ENTAILMENT
• SEM_APIS.RENAME_MODEL
• SEM_APIS.SWAP_NAMES
• SEM_APIS.VALIDATE_ENTAILMENT
• SEM_APIS.VALIDATE_MODEL
• SEM_APIS.VALUE_NAME_PREFIX
• SEM_APIS.VALUE_NAME_SUFFIX

10 SEM_OLS Package Subprograms

• SEM_OLS.APPLY_POLICY_TO_APP_TAB
• SEM_OLS.REMOVE_POLICY_FROM_APP_TAB

11 SEM_PERF Package Subprograms

• SEM_PERF.GATHER_STATS

12 SEM_RDFCTX Package Subprograms

• SEM_RDFCTX.ADD_DEPENDENT_POLICY
• SEM_RDFCTX.CREATE_POLICY
• SEM_RDFCTX.DROP_POLICY
• SEM_RDFCTX.MAINTAIN_TRIPLES
• SEM_RDFCTX.SET_DEFAULT_POLICY
• SEM_RDFCTX.SET_EXTRACTOR_PARAM

13 SEM_RDFSA Package Subprograms

• SEM_RDFSA.ADD_VPD_CONSTRAINT
• SEM_RDFSA.APPLY_OLS_POLICY
• SEM_RDFSA.APPLY_VPD_POLICY
• SEM_RDFSA.CREATE_VPD_POLICY
• SEM_RDFSA.DELETE_VPD_CONSTRAINT
• SEM_RDFSA.DISABLE_OLS_POLICY
• SEM_RDFSA.DROP_VPD_POLICY
• SEM_RDFSA.ENABLE_OLS_POLICY
• SEM_RDFSA.MAINT_VPD_METADATA
• SEM_RDFSA.REMOVE_OLS_POLICY
• SEM_RDFSA.REMOVE_VPD_POLICY
• SEM_RDFSA.RESET_MODEL_LABELS
• SEM_RDFSA.SET_PREDICATE_LABEL
• SEM_RDFSA.SET_RDFS_LABEL
• SEM_RDFSA.SET_RESOURCE_LABEL
• SEM_RDFSA.SET_RULE_LABEL

A Enabling, Downgrading, or Removing Semantic Technologies Support

• A.1 Enabling Semantic Technologies Support
  • A.1.1 Enabling Semantic Technologies Support in a New Database Installation
  • A.1.2 Upgrading Semantic Technologies Support from Release 11.1
    • A.1.2.1 Handling of Empty RDF Literals
  • A.1.3 Upgrading Semantic Technologies Support from Release 10.2
  • A.1.4 Release 11.2.0.2: Required Actions if Semantic Technologies Installation is Invalid
  • A.1.5 Spatial and Partitioning Requirements
• A.2 Downgrading Semantic Technologies Support to a Previous Release
  • A.2.1 Downgrading to Release 11.1 Semantic Technologies Support
  • A.2.2 Downgrading to Release 10.2 Semantic Technologies Support
• A.3 Removing Semantic Technologies Support

B SEM_MATCH Support for Spatial Queries

• orageo:area
• orageo:buffer
• orageo:centroid
• orageo:convexHull
• orageo:difference
• orageo:distance
• orageo:intersection
• orageo:length
• orageo:mbr
• orageo:nearestNeighbor
• orageo:relate
• orageo:union
• orageo:withinDistance
• orageo:xor

Glossary

Index