2 Getting Started

This chapter explains how to install and test Oracle Database and PHP environment. It has the following topics:

What You Need
Installing Oracle Database
Installing Apache HTTP Server
Installing PHP
Testing the PHP Installation

What You Need

To install your Oracle Database and PHP environment, you need:

Oracle Database Server which includes the sample data for this tutorial
Oracle Database Client libraries are included with the Oracle Database software or can be installed using Oracle Instant Client
Apache HTTP Server which is typically already installed on Linux computers
PHP - PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
A text editor for editing PHP code. A code editor such as Oracle JDeveloper with the optional PHP Extension can also be used.

Installing Oracle Database

You should install Oracle Database Server on your computer. The sample data used in this tutorial is installed by default. It is the HR component of the Sample Schemas.

Throughout this tutorial Oracle SQL Developer is the graphical user interface used to perform Database tasks. Oracle SQL Developer is a free graphical tool for database development.

Unlocking the HR User

The PHP application connects to the database as the HR user. You may need to unlock the HR account as a user with DBA privileges. To unlock the HR user:

Open SQL Developer and open a connection to your Oracle database.
Login to your Oracle database as system.
Open SQL Worksheet or SQL*Plus and run the following SQL statement:
```
alter user hr account unlock;
```
Description of the illustration chap2_unlock.gif

For further information about unlocking an Oracle Database account, see Chapter 6, "Managing Users and Security," in the Oracle Database 2 Day DBA guide.

Installing Apache HTTP Server

You should install Apache before you install PHP. Apache is typically installed by default on Linux computers. See Testing the Apache Installation on Linux before downloading the Apache software.

Perform the following steps to obtain Apache HTTP Server for Windows or Linux:

Enter the following URL in your Web browser:
```
http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
```
For Windows, click the apache_2.2.12-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi. For Linux, click httpd-2.2.12.tar.bz2.
Save the downloaded file in a temporary directory, such as c:\tmp on Windows or \tmp on Linux.

Installing Apache on Windows

This section describes how to install Apache HTTP Server on Windows.

The file name and extraction directory are based on the current version. Throughout this procedure, ensure you use the directory name for the version you are installing.

You must be the administrator user to install Apache.

To install Apache, double-click the file and follow the wizards.

The default installation directory is likely to be C:\Program Files\Apache Group. This is the directory that is assumed for the tutorial exercises. If you install to a different directory, you need to note the directory so you can change the path used in the tutorials.

Starting and Stopping Apache on Windows

You can use the Start menu option to start Apache. This opens a console window showing any error messages. Error messages may also be written to C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\logs\error.log.

You can also use the ApacheMonitor utility to start Apache. It will appear as an icon in your System Tray, or navigate to the Apache bin directory and double click ApacheMonitor.exe. In a default installation, Apache bin is located at c:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\bin.

You can also use the Windows Services to start Apache. You access Windows Services from the Windows Start menu at Start > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Services. Select the Standard tab. Right click the Apache2 HTTP Server and then select Restart

If you have errors, double check your httpd.conf and php.ini files.

Testing the Apache Installation on Windows

To test the Apache HTTP Server installation:

Start your Web browser on the computer on which you installed Apache.
Enter the following URL:
```
http://localhost/
```
Your Web browser will display a page similar to the following:

Description of the illustration chap2_test_install_013.gif

If this page does not appear check your Apache configuration. Common problems are that Apache is not running, or that it is listening on a non-default port.

Installing Apache on Linux

This section describes how to install Apache HTTP Server on Linux.

The file name and extraction directory are based on the current version. Throughout this procedure, ensure you use the directory name for the version you are installing.

Apache is typically already installed on Linux. If you find it is not installed after Testing the Apache Installation on Linux, perform the following steps to install the Apache HTTP Server:

Go to the directory where you downloaded the httpd-2.2.12.tar.bz2 file.
Log in as the root user and execute these commands:
```
# tar -jxvf httpd-2.2.12.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.2.12
# export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server
# ./configure \
        --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
        --enable-module=so  \
# make
# make install
```
The option --enable-module=so allows PHP to be compiled as a Dynamic Shared Object (DSO). The --prefix= option sets the Apache installation directory used by the command make install

Starting and Stopping Apache on Linux

You use the apachectl script to start and stop Apache.

Start Apache with the apachectl script:

# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start

Stop Apache with the apachectl script:

# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop

When you start Apache, you must have ORACLE_HOME defined. Any other required Oracle environment variables must be set before Apache starts too. These are the same variables set by the $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle_env.sh or the /usr/local/bin/oraenv scripts.

For convenience, you could create a script to start Apache as follows:

#!/bin/sh
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server
export ORACLE_HOME
echo "Oracle Home: $ORACLE_HOME"
echo Starting Apache
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start

Testing the Apache Installation on Linux

To test the Apache HTTP Server installation:

Start your Web browser on the host on which you installed Apache, and enter the following URL:
```
http://localhost/
```
Your Web browser will display a page similar to the following:

Description of the illustration chap2_install_001.gif

If this page does not appear, check your Apache configuration. Common problems are that Apache is not running, or that it is listening on a non default port.
In the default Apache HTTP Server configuration file, set up a public virtual directory as public_html for accessing your PHP files. Use your preferred editor to open the Apache configuration file /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf (the directory may be different in your installation of Linux), and remove the pound sign (#) at the start of the following line:
```
UserDir public_html
```
In this example, your Apache httpd.conf file contains the following lines:
```
<IfModule mod_userdir.c>
    #
    # UserDir is disabled by default since it can confirm the presence
    # of a username on the system (depending on home directory
    # permissions).
    #
    #UserDir disable

    #
    # To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user's public_html
    # directory, remove the "UserDir disable" line above, and uncomment
    # the following line instead:
    #
    UserDir public_html
</IfModule>
```
This enables the Web browser to make an HTTP request using a registered user on the system and to serve files from the $HOME/public_html directory of the user. For example:
```
http://localhost/~user/
```
To use the new Apache configuration file, in a command window, restart Apache by entering the following commands:
```
su -
Password: <enter your su (root) password>
apachectl restart
```
Description of the illustration chap2_install_002.gif

If the Apache HTTP Server does not start, check the error log files to determine the cause. It may be a configuration error.
In the command window, log in (not root) and create a public_html subdirectory in the $HOME directory with the following command:
```
mkdir $HOME/public_html
```
Description of the illustration chap2_install_003.gif

Installing PHP

Perform the following steps to obtain PHP for Windows or Linux:

Enter the following URL in your Web browser:
```
http://www.php.net/downloads.php
```
For Windows, click the 5.2.10 zip package under Windows Binaries. For Linux, click php-5.2.10.tar.bz2 under Complete Source Code.
Save the downloaded file in a temporary directory, such as c:\tmp on Windows or \tmp on Linux.

Installing PHP on Windows

This section describes how to install PHP on Windows.

The file name and extraction directory are based on the current version. Throughout this procedure, ensure you use the directory name for the version you are installing.

You must be the administrator user to install PHP. To install PHP, perform the following steps:

In Windows Explorer, go to the directory where you downloaded the PHP 5.2.10 zip file.
Unzip the PHP package to a directory called C:\php-5.2.10
Copy php.ini-recommended to C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\conf\php.ini
Edit php.ini to make the following changes:
- Change extension_dir to C:\php-5.2.10\ext, which is the directory containing php_oci8.dll and the other PHP extensions.
- Remove the semicolon from the beginning of the line
  
  extension=php oci8.dll
- Set the PHP directive, display_errors, to On. For testing it is helpful to see any problems in your code.

Edit the file httpd.conf and add the following lines. Make sure you use forward slashes '/' and not back slashes '\':

#
        # This will load the PHP module into Apache
        #
        LoadModule php5_module c:/php-5.2.10/php5apache2.dll
 
        #
        # This next section will call PHP for .php, .phtml, and .phps files
        #
        AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
        AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtml
        AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
 
        #
        # This is the directory containing php.ini
        #
        PHPIniDir "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/conf"

Restart the Apache Server so that you can test your PHP installation.

You can use the Start menu option to start Apache. This opens a console window showing any error messages. Error messages may also be written to C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\logs\error.log.

You can also use the ApacheMonitor utility to start Apache. It will appear as an icon in your System Tray, or navigate to the Apache bin directory and double click ApacheMonitor.exe. In a default installation, Apache bin is located at c:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\bin.

You can also use the Windows Services to start Apache. You access Windows Services from the Windows Start menu at Start > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Services. Select the Standard tab. Right click the Apache2 HTTP Server and then select Restart

If you have errors, double check your httpd.conf and php.ini files.

Installing PHP on Linux

This section describes how to install PHP on Linux.

The file name and extraction directory are based on the current version. Throughout this procedure, ensure you use the directory name for the version you are installing.

Perform the following steps to install PHP:

Go to the directory where you downloaded the php-5.2.10.tar.bz2 file.
Log in as the root user and execute these commands:
```
# tar -jxvf php-5.2.10.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.10
# export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server
# ./configure \
        --with-oci8=$ORACLE_HOME \
        --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \
        --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/apache/conf \
        --enable-sigchild
# make
# make install
```
Check the value for ORACLE_HOME to ensure it reflects your Oracle version and installation.

If you are behind a firewall, you may need to set the environment variable http_proxy to your proxy server before running make install. This enables PHP's PEAR components to be installed.
Copy PHP's supplied initialization file:
```
# cp php.ini-recommended /usr/local/apache/conf/php.ini
```
For testing it is helpful to edit php.ini and set the PHP directive, display_errors, to On so you can see any problems in your code.

Edit Apache's configuration file /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf and add the following lines:

#
# This next section will call PHP for .php, .phtml, and .phps files
#
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtml
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

#
# This is the directory containing php.ini
#
PHPIniDir "/usr/local/apache/conf"

If a LoadModule line was not inserted by the PHP install, add it with:

LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so

Restart the Apache Server to test your PHP installation with the following:
```
# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
```
If there are errors, they will display on your screen. They may also be written to /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log. If you have problems, double check your httpd.conf and php.ini files.

Testing the PHP Installation

To test the PHP installation:

Create a subdirectory called chap2. To create a directory for your application files, and to change to the newly created directory, enter the following commands in a command window:

On Windows:
```
mkdir "c:\program files\Apache Group\Apache2\htdocs\chap2"
cd c:\program files\Apache Group\Apache2\htdocs\chap2
```
On Linux:
```
mkdir $HOME/public_html/chap2
cd $HOME/public_html/chap2
```
If you create files in a different location, you must change the steps for file editing and execution to match your working directory name and URL.
Create a file called hello.php that contains the following HTML text:
```
<?php
  echo "Hello, world!";
?>
```
Open a Web browser and enter the following URL in your browser:

On Windows:
```
http://localhost/chap2/hello.php
```
On Linux:
```
http://localhost/~<username>/chap2/hello.php
```
The line "Hello, world!" appears in the browser.

Description of the illustration chap2_hello_001.gif