libstdc++
ratio
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1 // ratio -*- C++ -*-
2 
3 // Copyright (C) 2008-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 //
5 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
6 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9 // any later version.
10 
11 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 // GNU General Public License for more details.
15 
16 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19 
20 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
23 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24 
25 /** @file include/ratio
26  * This is a Standard C++ Library header.
27  */
28 
29 #ifndef _GLIBCXX_RATIO
30 #define _GLIBCXX_RATIO 1
31 
32 #pragma GCC system_header
33 
34 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
35 # include <bits/c++0x_warning.h>
36 #else
37 
38 #include <type_traits>
39 #include <cstdint>
40 
41 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
42 
43 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
44 {
45 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
46 
47  /**
48  * @defgroup ratio Rational Arithmetic
49  * @ingroup utilities
50  *
51  * Compile time representation of finite rational numbers.
52  * @{
53  */
54 
55  template<intmax_t _Pn>
56  struct __static_sign
57  : integral_constant<intmax_t, (_Pn < 0) ? -1 : 1>
58  { };
59 
60  template<intmax_t _Pn>
61  struct __static_abs
62  : integral_constant<intmax_t, _Pn * __static_sign<_Pn>::value>
63  { };
64 
65  template<intmax_t _Pn, intmax_t _Qn>
66  struct __static_gcd
67  : __static_gcd<_Qn, (_Pn % _Qn)>
68  { };
69 
70  template<intmax_t _Pn>
71  struct __static_gcd<_Pn, 0>
72  : integral_constant<intmax_t, __static_abs<_Pn>::value>
73  { };
74 
75  template<intmax_t _Qn>
76  struct __static_gcd<0, _Qn>
77  : integral_constant<intmax_t, __static_abs<_Qn>::value>
78  { };
79 
80  // Let c = 2^(half # of bits in an intmax_t)
81  // then we find a1, a0, b1, b0 s.t. N = a1*c + a0, M = b1*c + b0
82  // The multiplication of N and M becomes,
83  // N * M = (a1 * b1)c^2 + (a0 * b1 + b0 * a1)c + a0 * b0
84  // Multiplication is safe if each term and the sum of the terms
85  // is representable by intmax_t.
86  template<intmax_t _Pn, intmax_t _Qn>
87  struct __safe_multiply
88  {
89  private:
90  static const uintmax_t __c = uintmax_t(1) << (sizeof(intmax_t) * 4);
91 
92  static const uintmax_t __a0 = __static_abs<_Pn>::value % __c;
93  static const uintmax_t __a1 = __static_abs<_Pn>::value / __c;
94  static const uintmax_t __b0 = __static_abs<_Qn>::value % __c;
95  static const uintmax_t __b1 = __static_abs<_Qn>::value / __c;
96 
97  static_assert(__a1 == 0 || __b1 == 0,
98  "overflow in multiplication");
99  static_assert(__a0 * __b1 + __b0 * __a1 < (__c >> 1),
100  "overflow in multiplication");
101  static_assert(__b0 * __a0 <= __INTMAX_MAX__,
102  "overflow in multiplication");
103  static_assert((__a0 * __b1 + __b0 * __a1) * __c
104  <= __INTMAX_MAX__ - __b0 * __a0,
105  "overflow in multiplication");
106 
107  public:
108  static const intmax_t value = _Pn * _Qn;
109  };
110 
111  // Some double-precision utilities, where numbers are represented as
112  // __hi*2^(8*sizeof(uintmax_t)) + __lo.
113  template<uintmax_t __hi1, uintmax_t __lo1, uintmax_t __hi2, uintmax_t __lo2>
114  struct __big_less
115  : integral_constant<bool, (__hi1 < __hi2
116  || (__hi1 == __hi2 && __lo1 < __lo2))>
117  { };
118 
119  template<uintmax_t __hi1, uintmax_t __lo1, uintmax_t __hi2, uintmax_t __lo2>
120  struct __big_add
121  {
122  static constexpr uintmax_t __lo = __lo1 + __lo2;
123  static constexpr uintmax_t __hi = (__hi1 + __hi2 +
124  (__lo1 + __lo2 < __lo1)); // carry
125  };
126 
127  // Subtract a number from a bigger one.
128  template<uintmax_t __hi1, uintmax_t __lo1, uintmax_t __hi2, uintmax_t __lo2>
129  struct __big_sub
130  {
131  static_assert(!__big_less<__hi1, __lo1, __hi2, __lo2>::value,
132  "Internal library error");
133  static constexpr uintmax_t __lo = __lo1 - __lo2;
134  static constexpr uintmax_t __hi = (__hi1 - __hi2 -
135  (__lo1 < __lo2)); // carry
136  };
137 
138  // Same principle as __safe_multiply.
139  template<uintmax_t __x, uintmax_t __y>
140  struct __big_mul
141  {
142  private:
143  static constexpr uintmax_t __c = uintmax_t(1) << (sizeof(intmax_t) * 4);
144  static constexpr uintmax_t __x0 = __x % __c;
145  static constexpr uintmax_t __x1 = __x / __c;
146  static constexpr uintmax_t __y0 = __y % __c;
147  static constexpr uintmax_t __y1 = __y / __c;
148  static constexpr uintmax_t __x0y0 = __x0 * __y0;
149  static constexpr uintmax_t __x0y1 = __x0 * __y1;
150  static constexpr uintmax_t __x1y0 = __x1 * __y0;
151  static constexpr uintmax_t __x1y1 = __x1 * __y1;
152  static constexpr uintmax_t __mix = __x0y1 + __x1y0; // possible carry...
153  static constexpr uintmax_t __mix_lo = __mix * __c;
154  static constexpr uintmax_t __mix_hi
155  = __mix / __c + ((__mix < __x0y1) ? __c : 0); // ... added here
156  typedef __big_add<__mix_hi, __mix_lo, __x1y1, __x0y0> _Res;
157  public:
158  static constexpr uintmax_t __hi = _Res::__hi;
159  static constexpr uintmax_t __lo = _Res::__lo;
160  };
161 
162  // Adapted from __udiv_qrnnd_c in longlong.h
163  // This version assumes that the high bit of __d is 1.
164  template<uintmax_t __n1, uintmax_t __n0, uintmax_t __d>
165  struct __big_div_impl
166  {
167  private:
168  static_assert(__d >= (uintmax_t(1) << (sizeof(intmax_t) * 8 - 1)),
169  "Internal library error");
170  static_assert(__n1 < __d, "Internal library error");
171  static constexpr uintmax_t __c = uintmax_t(1) << (sizeof(intmax_t) * 4);
172  static constexpr uintmax_t __d1 = __d / __c;
173  static constexpr uintmax_t __d0 = __d % __c;
174 
175  static constexpr uintmax_t __q1x = __n1 / __d1;
176  static constexpr uintmax_t __r1x = __n1 % __d1;
177  static constexpr uintmax_t __m = __q1x * __d0;
178  static constexpr uintmax_t __r1y = __r1x * __c + __n0 / __c;
179  static constexpr uintmax_t __r1z = __r1y + __d;
180  static constexpr uintmax_t __r1
181  = ((__r1y < __m) ? ((__r1z >= __d) && (__r1z < __m))
182  ? (__r1z + __d) : __r1z : __r1y) - __m;
183  static constexpr uintmax_t __q1
184  = __q1x - ((__r1y < __m)
185  ? ((__r1z >= __d) && (__r1z < __m)) ? 2 : 1 : 0);
186  static constexpr uintmax_t __q0x = __r1 / __d1;
187  static constexpr uintmax_t __r0x = __r1 % __d1;
188  static constexpr uintmax_t __n = __q0x * __d0;
189  static constexpr uintmax_t __r0y = __r0x * __c + __n0 % __c;
190  static constexpr uintmax_t __r0z = __r0y + __d;
191  static constexpr uintmax_t __r0
192  = ((__r0y < __n) ? ((__r0z >= __d) && (__r0z < __n))
193  ? (__r0z + __d) : __r0z : __r0y) - __n;
194  static constexpr uintmax_t __q0
195  = __q0x - ((__r0y < __n) ? ((__r0z >= __d)
196  && (__r0z < __n)) ? 2 : 1 : 0);
197 
198  public:
199  static constexpr uintmax_t __quot = __q1 * __c + __q0;
200  static constexpr uintmax_t __rem = __r0;
201 
202  private:
203  typedef __big_mul<__quot, __d> _Prod;
204  typedef __big_add<_Prod::__hi, _Prod::__lo, 0, __rem> _Sum;
205  static_assert(_Sum::__hi == __n1 && _Sum::__lo == __n0,
206  "Internal library error");
207  };
208 
209  template<uintmax_t __n1, uintmax_t __n0, uintmax_t __d>
210  struct __big_div
211  {
212  private:
213  static_assert(__d != 0, "Internal library error");
214  static_assert(sizeof (uintmax_t) == sizeof (unsigned long long),
215  "This library calls __builtin_clzll on uintmax_t, which "
216  "is unsafe on your platform. Please complain to "
217  "http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/");
218  static constexpr int __shift = __builtin_clzll(__d);
219  static constexpr int __coshift_ = sizeof(uintmax_t) * 8 - __shift;
220  static constexpr int __coshift = (__shift != 0) ? __coshift_ : 0;
221  static constexpr uintmax_t __c1 = uintmax_t(1) << __shift;
222  static constexpr uintmax_t __c2 = uintmax_t(1) << __coshift;
223  static constexpr uintmax_t __new_d = __d * __c1;
224  static constexpr uintmax_t __new_n0 = __n0 * __c1;
225  static constexpr uintmax_t __n1_shifted = (__n1 % __d) * __c1;
226  static constexpr uintmax_t __n0_top = (__shift != 0) ? (__n0 / __c2) : 0;
227  static constexpr uintmax_t __new_n1 = __n1_shifted + __n0_top;
228  typedef __big_div_impl<__new_n1, __new_n0, __new_d> _Res;
229 
230  public:
231  static constexpr uintmax_t __quot_hi = __n1 / __d;
232  static constexpr uintmax_t __quot_lo = _Res::__quot;
233  static constexpr uintmax_t __rem = _Res::__rem / __c1;
234 
235  private:
236  typedef __big_mul<__quot_lo, __d> _P0;
237  typedef __big_mul<__quot_hi, __d> _P1;
238  typedef __big_add<_P0::__hi, _P0::__lo, _P1::__lo, __rem> _Sum;
239  // No overflow.
240  static_assert(_P1::__hi == 0, "Internal library error");
241  static_assert(_Sum::__hi >= _P0::__hi, "Internal library error");
242  // Matches the input data.
243  static_assert(_Sum::__hi == __n1 && _Sum::__lo == __n0,
244  "Internal library error");
245  static_assert(__rem < __d, "Internal library error");
246  };
247 
248  /**
249  * @brief Provides compile-time rational arithmetic.
250  *
251  * This class template represents any finite rational number with a
252  * numerator and denominator representable by compile-time constants of
253  * type intmax_t. The ratio is simplified when instantiated.
254  *
255  * For example:
256  * @code
257  * std::ratio<7,-21>::num == -1;
258  * std::ratio<7,-21>::den == 3;
259  * @endcode
260  *
261  */
262  template<intmax_t _Num, intmax_t _Den = 1>
263  struct ratio
264  {
265  static_assert(_Den != 0, "denominator cannot be zero");
266  static_assert(_Num >= -__INTMAX_MAX__ && _Den >= -__INTMAX_MAX__,
267  "out of range");
268 
269  // Note: sign(N) * abs(N) == N
270  static constexpr intmax_t num =
271  _Num * __static_sign<_Den>::value / __static_gcd<_Num, _Den>::value;
272 
273  static constexpr intmax_t den =
274  __static_abs<_Den>::value / __static_gcd<_Num, _Den>::value;
275 
276  typedef ratio<num, den> type;
277  };
278 
279  template<intmax_t _Num, intmax_t _Den>
280  constexpr intmax_t ratio<_Num, _Den>::num;
281 
282  template<intmax_t _Num, intmax_t _Den>
283  constexpr intmax_t ratio<_Num, _Den>::den;
284 
285  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
286  struct __ratio_multiply
287  {
288  private:
289  static const intmax_t __gcd1 =
290  __static_gcd<_R1::num, _R2::den>::value;
291  static const intmax_t __gcd2 =
292  __static_gcd<_R2::num, _R1::den>::value;
293 
294  public:
295  typedef ratio<
296  __safe_multiply<(_R1::num / __gcd1),
297  (_R2::num / __gcd2)>::value,
298  __safe_multiply<(_R1::den / __gcd2),
299  (_R2::den / __gcd1)>::value> type;
300 
301  static constexpr intmax_t num = type::num;
302  static constexpr intmax_t den = type::den;
303  };
304 
305  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
306  constexpr intmax_t __ratio_multiply<_R1, _R2>::num;
307 
308  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
309  constexpr intmax_t __ratio_multiply<_R1, _R2>::den;
310 
311  /// ratio_multiply
312  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
313  using ratio_multiply = typename __ratio_multiply<_R1, _R2>::type;
314 
315  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
316  struct __ratio_divide
317  {
318  static_assert(_R2::num != 0, "division by 0");
319 
320  typedef typename __ratio_multiply<
321  _R1,
322  ratio<_R2::den, _R2::num>>::type type;
323 
324  static constexpr intmax_t num = type::num;
325  static constexpr intmax_t den = type::den;
326  };
327 
328  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
329  constexpr intmax_t __ratio_divide<_R1, _R2>::num;
330 
331  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
332  constexpr intmax_t __ratio_divide<_R1, _R2>::den;
333 
334  /// ratio_divide
335  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
336  using ratio_divide = typename __ratio_divide<_R1, _R2>::type;
337 
338  /// ratio_equal
339  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
340  struct ratio_equal
341  : integral_constant<bool, _R1::num == _R2::num && _R1::den == _R2::den>
342  { };
343 
344  /// ratio_not_equal
345  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
346  struct ratio_not_equal
347  : integral_constant<bool, !ratio_equal<_R1, _R2>::value>
348  { };
349 
350  // Both numbers are positive.
351  template<typename _R1, typename _R2,
352  typename _Left = __big_mul<_R1::num,_R2::den>,
353  typename _Right = __big_mul<_R2::num,_R1::den> >
354  struct __ratio_less_impl_1
355  : integral_constant<bool, __big_less<_Left::__hi, _Left::__lo,
356  _Right::__hi, _Right::__lo>::value>
357  { };
358 
359  template<typename _R1, typename _R2,
360  bool = (_R1::num == 0 || _R2::num == 0
361  || (__static_sign<_R1::num>::value
362  != __static_sign<_R2::num>::value)),
363  bool = (__static_sign<_R1::num>::value == -1
364  && __static_sign<_R2::num>::value == -1)>
365  struct __ratio_less_impl
366  : __ratio_less_impl_1<_R1, _R2>::type
367  { };
368 
369  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
370  struct __ratio_less_impl<_R1, _R2, true, false>
371  : integral_constant<bool, _R1::num < _R2::num>
372  { };
373 
374  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
375  struct __ratio_less_impl<_R1, _R2, false, true>
376  : __ratio_less_impl_1<ratio<-_R2::num, _R2::den>,
377  ratio<-_R1::num, _R1::den> >::type
378  { };
379 
380  /// ratio_less
381  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
382  struct ratio_less
383  : __ratio_less_impl<_R1, _R2>::type
384  { };
385 
386  /// ratio_less_equal
387  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
388  struct ratio_less_equal
389  : integral_constant<bool, !ratio_less<_R2, _R1>::value>
390  { };
391 
392  /// ratio_greater
393  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
394  struct ratio_greater
395  : integral_constant<bool, ratio_less<_R2, _R1>::value>
396  { };
397 
398  /// ratio_greater_equal
399  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
400  struct ratio_greater_equal
401  : integral_constant<bool, !ratio_less<_R1, _R2>::value>
402  { };
403 
404 #if __cplusplus > 201402L
405  template <typename _R1, typename _R2>
406  inline constexpr bool ratio_equal_v = ratio_equal<_R1, _R2>::value;
407  template <typename _R1, typename _R2>
408  inline constexpr bool ratio_not_equal_v = ratio_not_equal<_R1, _R2>::value;
409  template <typename _R1, typename _R2>
410  inline constexpr bool ratio_less_v = ratio_less<_R1, _R2>::value;
411  template <typename _R1, typename _R2>
412  inline constexpr bool ratio_less_equal_v =
413  ratio_less_equal<_R1, _R2>::value;
414  template <typename _R1, typename _R2>
415  inline constexpr bool ratio_greater_v = ratio_greater<_R1, _R2>::value;
416  template <typename _R1, typename _R2>
417  inline constexpr bool ratio_greater_equal_v
418  = ratio_greater_equal<_R1, _R2>::value;
419 #endif // C++17
420 
421  template<typename _R1, typename _R2,
422  bool = (_R1::num >= 0),
423  bool = (_R2::num >= 0),
424  bool = ratio_less<ratio<__static_abs<_R1::num>::value, _R1::den>,
425  ratio<__static_abs<_R2::num>::value, _R2::den> >::value>
426  struct __ratio_add_impl
427  {
428  private:
429  typedef typename __ratio_add_impl<
430  ratio<-_R1::num, _R1::den>,
431  ratio<-_R2::num, _R2::den> >::type __t;
432  public:
433  typedef ratio<-__t::num, __t::den> type;
434  };
435 
436  // True addition of nonnegative numbers.
437  template<typename _R1, typename _R2, bool __b>
438  struct __ratio_add_impl<_R1, _R2, true, true, __b>
439  {
440  private:
441  static constexpr uintmax_t __g = __static_gcd<_R1::den, _R2::den>::value;
442  static constexpr uintmax_t __d2 = _R2::den / __g;
443  typedef __big_mul<_R1::den, __d2> __d;
444  typedef __big_mul<_R1::num, _R2::den / __g> __x;
445  typedef __big_mul<_R2::num, _R1::den / __g> __y;
446  typedef __big_add<__x::__hi, __x::__lo, __y::__hi, __y::__lo> __n;
447  static_assert(__n::__hi >= __x::__hi, "Internal library error");
448  typedef __big_div<__n::__hi, __n::__lo, __g> __ng;
449  static constexpr uintmax_t __g2 = __static_gcd<__ng::__rem, __g>::value;
450  typedef __big_div<__n::__hi, __n::__lo, __g2> __n_final;
451  static_assert(__n_final::__rem == 0, "Internal library error");
452  static_assert(__n_final::__quot_hi == 0 &&
453  __n_final::__quot_lo <= __INTMAX_MAX__, "overflow in addition");
454  typedef __big_mul<_R1::den / __g2, __d2> __d_final;
455  static_assert(__d_final::__hi == 0 &&
456  __d_final::__lo <= __INTMAX_MAX__, "overflow in addition");
457  public:
458  typedef ratio<__n_final::__quot_lo, __d_final::__lo> type;
459  };
460 
461  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
462  struct __ratio_add_impl<_R1, _R2, false, true, true>
463  : __ratio_add_impl<_R2, _R1>
464  { };
465 
466  // True subtraction of nonnegative numbers yielding a nonnegative result.
467  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
468  struct __ratio_add_impl<_R1, _R2, true, false, false>
469  {
470  private:
471  static constexpr uintmax_t __g = __static_gcd<_R1::den, _R2::den>::value;
472  static constexpr uintmax_t __d2 = _R2::den / __g;
473  typedef __big_mul<_R1::den, __d2> __d;
474  typedef __big_mul<_R1::num, _R2::den / __g> __x;
475  typedef __big_mul<-_R2::num, _R1::den / __g> __y;
476  typedef __big_sub<__x::__hi, __x::__lo, __y::__hi, __y::__lo> __n;
477  typedef __big_div<__n::__hi, __n::__lo, __g> __ng;
478  static constexpr uintmax_t __g2 = __static_gcd<__ng::__rem, __g>::value;
479  typedef __big_div<__n::__hi, __n::__lo, __g2> __n_final;
480  static_assert(__n_final::__rem == 0, "Internal library error");
481  static_assert(__n_final::__quot_hi == 0 &&
482  __n_final::__quot_lo <= __INTMAX_MAX__, "overflow in addition");
483  typedef __big_mul<_R1::den / __g2, __d2> __d_final;
484  static_assert(__d_final::__hi == 0 &&
485  __d_final::__lo <= __INTMAX_MAX__, "overflow in addition");
486  public:
487  typedef ratio<__n_final::__quot_lo, __d_final::__lo> type;
488  };
489 
490  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
491  struct __ratio_add
492  {
493  typedef typename __ratio_add_impl<_R1, _R2>::type type;
494  static constexpr intmax_t num = type::num;
495  static constexpr intmax_t den = type::den;
496  };
497 
498  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
499  constexpr intmax_t __ratio_add<_R1, _R2>::num;
500 
501  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
502  constexpr intmax_t __ratio_add<_R1, _R2>::den;
503 
504  /// ratio_add
505  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
506  using ratio_add = typename __ratio_add<_R1, _R2>::type;
507 
508  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
509  struct __ratio_subtract
510  {
511  typedef typename __ratio_add<
512  _R1,
513  ratio<-_R2::num, _R2::den>>::type type;
514 
515  static constexpr intmax_t num = type::num;
516  static constexpr intmax_t den = type::den;
517  };
518 
519  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
520  constexpr intmax_t __ratio_subtract<_R1, _R2>::num;
521 
522  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
523  constexpr intmax_t __ratio_subtract<_R1, _R2>::den;
524 
525  /// ratio_subtract
526  template<typename _R1, typename _R2>
527  using ratio_subtract = typename __ratio_subtract<_R1, _R2>::type;
528 
529 
530  typedef ratio<1, 1000000000000000000> atto;
531  typedef ratio<1, 1000000000000000> femto;
532  typedef ratio<1, 1000000000000> pico;
533  typedef ratio<1, 1000000000> nano;
534  typedef ratio<1, 1000000> micro;
535  typedef ratio<1, 1000> milli;
536  typedef ratio<1, 100> centi;
537  typedef ratio<1, 10> deci;
538  typedef ratio< 10, 1> deca;
539  typedef ratio< 100, 1> hecto;
540  typedef ratio< 1000, 1> kilo;
541  typedef ratio< 1000000, 1> mega;
542  typedef ratio< 1000000000, 1> giga;
543  typedef ratio< 1000000000000, 1> tera;
544  typedef ratio< 1000000000000000, 1> peta;
545  typedef ratio< 1000000000000000000, 1> exa;
546 
547  // @} group ratio
548 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
549 } // namespace
550 
551 #endif //_GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
552 
553 #endif // C++11
554 
555 #endif //_GLIBCXX_RATIO