// Copyright (C) 2015 Davis E. King (davis@dlib.net)
// License: Boost Software License See LICENSE.txt for the full license.
#undef DLIB_DNn_LAYERS_ABSTRACT_H_
#ifdef DLIB_DNn_LAYERS_ABSTRACT_H_
#include "tensor_abstract.h"
#include "core_abstract.h"
namespace dlib
{
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class SUBNET
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This object represents a deep neural network. In particular, it is
the simplified interface through which layer objects interact with their
subnetworks. A layer's two important tasks are to (1) take outputs from its
subnetwork and forward propagate them through itself and (2) to backwards
propagate an error gradient through itself and onto its subnetwork.
The idea of a subnetwork is illustrated in the following diagram:
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| loss <-- layer1 <-- layer2 <-- ... <-- layern <-- input |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
^ ^
\__ subnetwork for layer1 __/
Therefore, by "subnetwork" we mean the part of the network closer to the
input.
Note that there is no dlib::SUBNET type. It is shown here purely to
document the interface layer objects expect to see when they interact
with a network.
!*/
public:
// You aren't allowed to copy subnetworks from inside a layer.
SUBNET(const SUBNET&) = delete;
SUBNET& operator=(const SUBNET&) = delete;
const tensor& get_output(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the output of this subnetwork. This is the data that the next
layer in the network will take as input.
- have_same_dimensions(#get_gradient_input(), get_output()) == true
!*/
tensor& get_gradient_input(
);
/*!
ensures
- returns the error gradient for this subnetwork. That is, this is the
error gradient that this network will use to update itself. Therefore,
when performing back propagation, layers that sit on top of this
subnetwork write their back propagated error gradients into
get_gradient_input(). Or to put it another way, during back propagation,
layers take the contents of their get_gradient_input() and back propagate
it through themselves and store the results into their subnetwork's
get_gradient_input().
!*/
const NEXT_SUBNET& subnet(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the subnetwork of *this network. With respect to the diagram
above, if *this was layer1 then subnet() would return the network that
begins with layer2.
!*/
NEXT_SUBNET& subnet(
);
/*!
ensures
- returns the subnetwork of *this network. With respect to the diagram
above, if *this was layer1 then subnet() would return the network that
begins with layer2.
!*/
const layer_details_type& layer_details(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the layer_details_type instance that defines the behavior of the
layer at the top of this network. I.e. returns the layer details that
defines the behavior of the layer nearest to the network output rather
than the input layer. For computational layers, this is the object
implementing the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface that defines the
layer's behavior.
!*/
unsigned int sample_expansion_factor (
) const;
/*!
ensures
- When to_tensor() is invoked on this network's input layer it converts N
input objects into M samples, all stored inside a resizable_tensor. It
is always the case that M is some integer multiple of N.
sample_expansion_factor() returns the value of this multiplier. To be
very specific, it is always true that M==I*N where I is some integer.
This integer I is what is returned by sample_expansion_factor().
It should be noted that computational layers likely do not care about the
sample expansion factor. It is only really of concern inside a loss
layer where you need to know its value so that tensor samples can be
matched against truth objects. Moreover, in most cases the sample
expansion factor is 1.
!*/
};
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
Each computational layer in a deep neural network can be thought of as a
function, f(data,parameters), that takes in a data tensor, some parameters,
and produces an output tensor. You create an entire deep network by
composing these functions. Importantly, you are able to use a wide range
of different functions to accommodate the task you are trying to
accomplish. Therefore, dlib includes a number of common layer types but if
you want to define your own then you simply implement a class with the same
interface as EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_.
Note that there is no dlib::EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ type. It is shown
here purely to document the interface that a layer object must implement.
The central work of defining a layer is implementing the forward and backward
methods. When you do this you have four options:
- Implement the forward() and backward() methods according to the
specification shown below. Do not implement forward_inplace() and
backward_inplace().
- Implement the forward() and backward() methods according to the
specification shown below, except exclude the computed_output
parameter from backward(). Doing this will allow dlib to make some
layers execute in-place and therefore run a little faster and use
less memory. Do not implement forward_inplace() and
backward_inplace().
- Implement the forward_inplace() and backward_inplace() methods
according to the specification shown below. Do not implement
forward() and backward(). These in-place methods allow some types of
layers to be implemented more efficiently.
- Implement the forward_inplace() and backward_inplace() methods
according to the specification shown below, except exclude the
computed_output parameter from backward_inplace(). Doing this will
allow dlib to make some layers execute in-place and therefore run a
little faster and use less memory. Do not implement forward() and
backward().
It should also be noted that layers may define additional layer specific
fields and the solvers can use these fields as they see fit. For example,
some layers define get_learning_rate_multiplier() and
get_weight_decay_multiplier() methods. The solvers that come with dlib
look at these methods, if they exist, and adjust the learning rate or
weight decay for that layer according to the multiplier. Therefore, you
can add these methods to your layer types if you want, or even define new
fields and new solvers that use those fields in some way.
!*/
public:
EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_(
);
/*!
ensures
- Default constructs this object. This function is not required to do
anything in particular but it must exist, that is, it is required that
layer objects be default constructable.
!*/
EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ (
const EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_& item
);
/*!
ensures
- EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ objects are copy constructable
!*/
EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_(
const some_other_layer_type& item
);
/*!
ensures
- Constructs this object from item. This form of constructor is optional
but it allows you to provide a conversion from one layer type to another.
For example, the following code is valid only if my_layer2 can be
constructed from my_layer1:
relu<fc<my_layer1<fc<input<matrix<float>>>>>> my_dnn1;
relu<fc<my_layer2<fc<input<matrix<float>>>>>> my_dnn2(my_dnn1);
This kind of pattern is useful if you want to use one type of layer
during training but a different type of layer during testing since it
allows you to easily convert between related deep neural network types.
Additionally, if you provide a constructor to build a layer from another
layer type you should also write your layer's deserialize() routine such
that it can read that other layer's serialized data in addition to your
own serialized data.
!*/
template <typename SUBNET>
void setup (
const SUBNET& sub
);
/*!
requires
- SUBNET implements the SUBNET interface defined at the top of this file.
ensures
- performs any necessary initial memory allocations and/or sets parameters
to their initial values prior to learning. Therefore, calling setup
destroys any previously learned parameters. Also, typically setup()
would look at the dimensions of the outputs of sub and configure the
number of parameters in *this accordingly.
!*/
template <typename SUBNET>
void forward(
const SUBNET& sub,
resizable_tensor& data_output
);
/*!
requires
- SUBNET implements the SUBNET interface defined at the top of this file.
- setup() has been called.
ensures
- Runs the output of the subnetwork through this layer and stores the
results into #data_output. In particular, forward() can use any of the
outputs in sub (e.g. sub.get_output(), sub.subnet().get_output(), etc.)
to compute whatever it wants.
!*/
template <typename SUBNET>
void backward(
const tensor& computed_output, // this parameter is optional
const tensor& gradient_input,
SUBNET& sub,
tensor& params_grad
);
/*!
requires
- SUBNET implements the SUBNET interface defined at the top of this file.
- setup() has been called.
- computed_output is the tensor resulting from calling forward(sub,computed_output).
Moreover, this was the most recent call to forward(). This means that
forward() is allowed to cache intermediate results so they can be used
during the backward computation.
- have_same_dimensions(gradient_input, computed_output) == true
- have_same_dimensions(sub.get_gradient_input(), sub.get_output()) == true
- have_same_dimensions(params_grad, get_layer_params()) == true
ensures
- This function outputs the gradients of this layer with respect to the
input data from sub and also with respect to this layer's parameters.
These gradients are stored into #sub and #params_grad, respectively. To be
precise, the gradients are taken of a function f(sub,get_layer_params())
which is defined thusly:
- Recalling that computed_output is a function of both sub and get_layer_params(),
since it is the result of calling forward(sub,computed_output):
let f(sub,get_layer_params()) == dot(computed_output, gradient_input)
Then we define the following gradient vectors:
- PARAMETER_GRADIENT == gradient of f(sub,get_layer_params()) with
respect to get_layer_params().
- for all valid I:
- DATA_GRADIENT_I == gradient of f(sub,get_layer_params()) with
respect to layer<I>(sub).get_output() (recall that forward() can
draw inputs from the immediate sub layer, sub.subnet(), or
any earlier layer. So you must consider the gradients with
respect to all inputs drawn from sub)
Finally, backward() outputs these gradients by performing:
- params_grad = PARAMETER_GRADIENT
- for all valid I:
- layer<I>(sub).get_gradient_input() += DATA_GRADIENT_I
!*/
void forward_inplace(
const tensor& data_input,
tensor& data_output
);
/*!
requires
- have_same_dimensions(data_input,data_output) == true
- setup() has been called.
ensures
- Runs the data_input tensor through this layer and stores the output into
#data_output.
- This function supports in-place operation, i.e. having
is_same_object(data_input, data_output)==true
!*/
void backward_inplace(
const tensor& computed_output, // this parameter is optional
const tensor& gradient_input,
tensor& data_grad,
tensor& params_grad
);
/*!
requires
- setup() has been called.
- computed_output is the tensor resulting from the most recent call to
forward_inplace(). This means that forward_inplace() is allowed to cache
intermediate results so they can be used during the backward computation.
- have_same_dimensions(gradient_input, data_grad) == true
- have_same_dimensions(gradient_input, computed_output) == true
- have_same_dimensions(params_grad, get_layer_params()) == true
ensures
- This function supports in-place operation, i.e. having
is_same_object(gradient_input, data_grad)==true
- This function outputs the gradients of this layer with respect to the
input data from a sublayer and also with respect to this layer's parameters.
These gradients are stored into #data_grad and #params_grad, respectively. To be
precise, the gradients are taken of a function f(data_input,get_layer_params())
which is defined thusly:
- Recalling that computed_output is a function of both the input to
forward_inplace() and get_layer_params(), since it is the result of
calling forward_inplace(data_input,computed_output):
let f(data_input,get_layer_params()) == dot(computed_output, gradient_input)
Then we define the following gradient vectors:
- PARAMETER_GRADIENT == gradient of f(data_input,get_layer_params()) with
respect to get_layer_params().
- DATA_GRADIENT == gradient of f(data_input,get_layer_params()) with respect
to data_input.
Finally, backward_inplace() outputs these gradients by performing:
- params_grad = PARAMETER_GRADIENT
- if (is_same_object(gradient_input, data_grad)) then
- data_grad = DATA_GRADIENT
- else
- data_grad += DATA_GRADIENT
!*/
const tensor& get_layer_params(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the parameters that define the behavior of forward().
!*/
tensor& get_layer_params(
);
/*!
ensures
- returns the parameters that define the behavior of forward().
!*/
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
/*!
These two functions are optional. If provided, they should map between
(column,row) coordinates in input and output tensors of forward(). Providing
these functions allows you to use global utility functions like
input_tensor_to_output_tensor().
!*/
void clean (
);
/*!
Implementing this function is optional. If you don't need it then you don't
have to provide a clean(). But if you do provide it then it must behave as
follows:
ensures
- calling clean() Causes this object to forget about everything except its
parameters. This is useful if your layer caches information between
forward and backward passes and you want to clean out that cache
information before saving the network to disk.
!*/
};
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_& item);
/*!
print a string describing this layer.
!*/
void to_xml(const EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_& item, std::ostream& out);
/*!
This function is optional, but required if you want to print your networks with
net_to_xml(). Therefore, to_xml() prints a layer as XML.
!*/
void serialize(const EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_& item, std::ostream& out);
void deserialize(EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_& item, std::istream& in);
/*!
provides serialization support
!*/
// For each layer you define, always define an add_layer template so that layers can be
// easily composed. Moreover, the convention is that the layer class ends with an _
// while the add_layer template has the same name but without the trailing _.
template <typename SUBNET>
using EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER = add_layer<EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
enum fc_bias_mode
{
FC_HAS_BIAS = 0,
FC_NO_BIAS = 1
};
struct num_fc_outputs
{
num_fc_outputs(unsigned long n) : num_outputs(n) {}
unsigned long num_outputs;
};
template <
unsigned long num_outputs,
fc_bias_mode bias_mode
>
class fc_
{
/*!
REQUIREMENTS ON num_outputs
num_outputs > 0
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a fully connected layer that
takes an input tensor and multiplies it by a weight matrix and outputs the
results.
The dimensions of the tensors output by this layer are as follows (letting
IN be the input tensor and OUT the output tensor):
- OUT.num_samples() == IN.num_samples()
- OUT.k() == get_num_outputs()
- OUT.nr() == 1
- OUT.nc() == 1
!*/
public:
fc_(
);
/*!
ensures
- #get_num_outputs() == num_outputs
- #get_bias_mode() == bias_mode
- #get_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_weight_decay_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier() == 0
!*/
fc_(
num_fc_outputs o
);
/*!
ensures
- #get_num_outputs() == o.num_outputs
- #get_bias_mode() == bias_mode
- #get_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_weight_decay_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier() == 0
!*/
unsigned long get_num_outputs (
) const;
/*!
ensures
- This layer outputs column vectors that contain get_num_outputs()
elements. That is, the output tensor T from forward() will be such that:
- T.num_samples() == however many samples were given to forward().
- T.k() == get_num_outputs()
- The rest of the dimensions of T will be 1.
!*/
fc_bias_mode get_bias_mode (
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the bias mode which determines if this layer includes bias terms.
That is, if the bias mode is FC_HAS_BIAS then a different constant scalar
is added to each of the outputs of this layer.
!*/
double get_learning_rate_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the learning rate used to optimize its parameters be
multiplied by get_learning_rate_multiplier().
!*/
double get_weight_decay_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the weight decay used to optimize its parameters be
multiplied by get_weight_decay_multiplier().
!*/
void set_learning_rate_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_learning_rate_multiplier() == val
!*/
void set_weight_decay_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_weight_decay_multiplier() == val
!*/
double get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the learning rate used to optimize its bias parameters be
multiplied by get_learning_rate_multiplier()*get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier().
!*/
double get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the weight decay used to optimize its bias parameters be
multiplied by get_weight_decay_multiplier()*get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier().
!*/
void set_bias_learning_rate_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier() == val
!*/
void set_bias_weight_decay_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier() == val
!*/
alias_tensor_const_instance get_weights(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns an alias of get_layer_params(), containing the weights matrix of
the fully connected layer.
- #get_weights().num_samples() is the number of elements in input sample,
i.e. sublayer's output's k * nc * nr.
- #get_bias().k() == #get_num_outputs()
- if get_bias_mode() == FC_HAS_BIAS:
- #get_layer_params().size() == (#get_weights().size() + #get_biases().size())
- else:
- #get_layer_params().size() == #get_weights().size()
!*/
alias_tensor_instance get_weights(
);
/*!
ensures
- returns an alias of get_layer_params(), containing the weights matrix of
the fully connected layer.
- #get_weights().num_samples() is the number of elements in input sample,
i.e. sublayer's output's k * nc * nr.
- #get_bias().k() == #get_num_outputs()
- if get_bias_mode() == FC_HAS_BIAS:
- #get_layer_params().size() == (#get_weights().size() + #get_biases().size())
- else:
- #get_layer_params().size() == #get_weights().size()
!*/
alias_tensor_const_instance get_biases(
) const;
/*!
requires
- #get_bias_mode() == FC_HAS_BIAS
ensures
- returns an alias of get_layer_params(), containing the bias vector of
the fully connected layer.
- #get_bias().num_samples() == 1
- #get_bias().k() == #get_num_outputs()
- #get_layer_params().size() == (#get_weights().size() + #get_biases().size())
!*/
alias_tensor_instance get_biases(
);
/*!
requires
- #get_bias_mode() == FC_HAS_BIAS
ensures
- returns an alias of get_layer_params(), containing the bias vector of
the fully connected layer.
- #get_bias().num_samples() == 1
- #get_bias().k() == #get_num_outputs()
- #get_layer_params().size() == (#get_weights().size() + #get_biases().size())
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
template <typename SUBNET> void forward(const SUBNET& sub, resizable_tensor& output);
template <typename SUBNET> void backward(const tensor& gradient_input, SUBNET& sub, tensor& params_grad);
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
template <
unsigned long num_outputs,
typename SUBNET
>
using fc = add_layer<fc_<num_outputs,FC_HAS_BIAS>, SUBNET>;
template <
unsigned long num_outputs,
typename SUBNET
>
using fc_no_bias = add_layer<fc_<num_outputs,FC_NO_BIAS>, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct num_con_outputs
{
num_con_outputs(unsigned long n) : num_outputs(n) {}
unsigned long num_outputs;
};
template <
long _num_filters,
long _nr,
long _nc,
int _stride_y,
int _stride_x,
int _padding_y = _stride_y!=1? 0 : _nr/2,
int _padding_x = _stride_x!=1? 0 : _nc/2
>
class con_
{
/*!
REQUIREMENTS ON TEMPLATE ARGUMENTS
All of them must be > 0.
Also, we require that:
- 0 <= _padding_y && _padding_y < _nr
- 0 <= _padding_x && _padding_x < _nc
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a convolution layer that takes an
input tensor (nominally representing an image) and convolves it with a set
of filters and then outputs the results.
The dimensions of the tensors output by this layer are as follows (letting
IN be the input tensor and OUT the output tensor):
- OUT.num_samples() == IN.num_samples()
- OUT.k() == num_filters()
- OUT.nr() == 1+(IN.nr() + 2*padding_y() - nr())/stride_y()
- OUT.nc() == 1+(IN.nc() + 2*padding_x() - nc())/stride_x()
!*/
public:
con_(
);
/*!
ensures
- #num_filters() == _num_filters
- #nr() == _nr
- #nc() == _nc
- #stride_y() == _stride_y
- #stride_x() == _stride_x
- #padding_y() == _padding_y
- #padding_x() == _padding_x
- #get_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_weight_decay_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier() == 0
!*/
con_(
num_con_outputs o
);
/*!
ensures
- #num_filters() == o.num_outputs
- #nr() == _nr
- #nc() == _nc
- #stride_y() == _stride_y
- #stride_x() == _stride_x
- #padding_y() == _padding_y
- #padding_x() == _padding_x
- #get_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_weight_decay_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier() == 0
!*/
long num_filters(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of filters contained in this layer. The k dimension
of the output tensors produced by this layer will be equal to the number
of filters.
!*/
void set_num_filters(
long num
);
/*!
requires
- num > 0
- get_layer_params().size() == 0
(i.e. You can't change the number of filters in con_ if the parameter
tensor has already been allocated.)
ensures
- #num_filters() == num
!*/
long nr(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of rows in the filters in this layer.
!*/
long nc(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of columns in the filters in this layer.
!*/
long stride_y(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the vertical stride used when convolving the filters over an
image. That is, each filter will be moved stride_y() pixels down at a
time when it moves over the image.
!*/
long stride_x(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the horizontal stride used when convolving the filters over an
image. That is, each filter will be moved stride_x() pixels right at a
time when it moves over the image.
!*/
long padding_y(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of pixels of zero padding added to the top and bottom
sides of the image.
!*/
long padding_x(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of pixels of zero padding added to the left and right
sides of the image.
!*/
double get_learning_rate_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the learning rate used to optimize its parameters be
multiplied by get_learning_rate_multiplier().
!*/
double get_weight_decay_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the weight decay used to optimize its parameters be
multiplied by get_weight_decay_multiplier().
!*/
void set_learning_rate_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_learning_rate_multiplier() == val
!*/
void set_weight_decay_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_weight_decay_multiplier() == val
!*/
double get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the learning rate used to optimize its bias parameters be
multiplied by get_learning_rate_multiplier()*get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier().
!*/
double get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the weight decay used to optimize its bias parameters be
multiplied by get_weight_decay_multiplier()*get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier().
!*/
void set_bias_learning_rate_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier() == val
!*/
void set_bias_weight_decay_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier() == val
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
template <typename SUBNET> void forward(const SUBNET& sub, resizable_tensor& output);
template <typename SUBNET> void backward(const tensor& gradient_input, SUBNET& sub, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
template <
long num_filters,
long nr,
long nc,
int stride_y,
int stride_x,
typename SUBNET
>
using con = add_layer<con_<num_filters,nr,nc,stride_y,stride_x>, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <
long _num_filters,
long _nr,
long _nc,
int _stride_y,
int _stride_x,
int _padding_y = _stride_y!=1? 0 : _nr/2,
int _padding_x = _stride_x!=1? 0 : _nc/2
>
class cont_
{
/*!
REQUIREMENTS ON TEMPLATE ARGUMENTS
All of them must be > 0.
Also, we require that:
- 0 <= _padding_y && _padding_y < _nr
- 0 <= _padding_x && _padding_x < _nc
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a transposed convolution layer
that takes an input tensor and transpose convolves (sometimes called
"deconvolution") it with a set of filters and then outputs the results.
This is essentially a convolutional layer that allows fractional strides.
Therefore, you can make output tensors that are larger than the input
tensors using this layer type.
The dimensions of the tensors output by this layer are as follows (letting
IN be the input tensor and OUT the output tensor):
- OUT.num_samples() == IN.num_samples()
- OUT.k() == num_filters()
- OUT.nr() == stride_y()*(IN.nr()-1) + nr() - 2*padding_y()
- OUT.nc() == stride_x()*(IN.nc()-1) + nc() - 2*padding_x()
!*/
public:
cont_(
);
/*!
ensures
- #num_filters() == _num_filters
- #nr() == _nr
- #nc() == _nc
- #stride_y() == _stride_y
- #stride_x() == _stride_x
- #padding_y() == _padding_y
- #padding_x() == _padding_x
- #get_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_weight_decay_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier() == 0
!*/
long num_filters(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of filters contained in this layer. The k dimension
of the output tensors produced by this layer will be equal to the number
of filters.
!*/
long nr(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of rows in the filters in this layer.
!*/
long nc(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of columns in the filters in this layer.
!*/
long stride_y(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the vertical stride used when convolving the filters over an
image. That is, each filter will be moved 1.0/stride_y() pixels down at
a time when it moves over the image.
!*/
long stride_x(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the horizontal stride used when convolving the filters over an
image. That is, each filter will be moved 1.0/stride_x() pixels right at
a time when it moves over the image.
!*/
long padding_y(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of pixels of zero padding added to the top and bottom
sides of the image.
!*/
long padding_x(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of pixels of zero padding added to the left and right
sides of the image.
!*/
double get_learning_rate_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the learning rate used to optimize its parameters be
multiplied by get_learning_rate_multiplier().
!*/
double get_weight_decay_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the weight decay used to optimize its parameters be
multiplied by get_weight_decay_multiplier().
!*/
void set_learning_rate_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_learning_rate_multiplier() == val
!*/
void set_weight_decay_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_weight_decay_multiplier() == val
!*/
double get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the learning rate used to optimize its bias parameters be
multiplied by get_learning_rate_multiplier()*get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier().
!*/
double get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the weight decay used to optimize its bias parameters be
multiplied by get_weight_decay_multiplier()*get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier().
!*/
void set_bias_learning_rate_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier() == val
!*/
void set_bias_weight_decay_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier() == val
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
template <typename SUBNET> void forward(const SUBNET& sub, resizable_tensor& output);
template <typename SUBNET> void backward(const tensor& gradient_input, SUBNET& sub, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
template <
long num_filters,
long nr,
long nc,
int stride_y,
int stride_x,
typename SUBNET
>
using cont = add_layer<cont_<num_filters,nr,nc,stride_y,stride_x>, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <
int scale_y,
int scale_x
>
class upsample_
{
/*!
REQUIREMENTS ON TEMPLATE ARGUMENTS
All of them must be >= 1.
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it allows you to upsample a layer using
bilinear interpolation. To be very specific, it upsamples each of the
channels in an input tensor. Therefore, if IN is the input tensor to this
layer and OUT the output tensor, then we will have:
- OUT.num_samples() == IN.num_samples()
- OUT.k() == IN.k()
- OUT.nr() == IN.nr()*scale_y
- OUT.nc() == IN.nr()*scale_x
- for all valid i,k: image_plane(OUT,i,k) is a copy of
image_plane(IN,i,k) that has been bilinearly interpolated to fit into
the shape of image_plane(OUT,i,k).
!*/
public:
upsample_(
);
/*!
ensures
- This object has no state, so the constructor does nothing, aside from
providing default constructability.
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
template <typename SUBNET> void forward(const SUBNET& sub, resizable_tensor& output);
template <typename SUBNET> void backward(const tensor& gradient_input, SUBNET& sub, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
template <
int scale,
typename SUBNET
>
using upsample = add_layer<upsample_<scale,scale>, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class dropout_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a dropout layer. Therefore, it
passes its inputs through the stochastic function f(x) which outputs either
0 or x. The probability of 0 being output is given by the drop_rate
argument to this object's constructor.
Note that, after you finish training a network with dropout, it is a good
idea to replace each dropout_ layer with a multiply_ layer because the
multiply_ layer is faster and deterministic.
!*/
public:
explicit dropout_(
float drop_rate = 0.5
);
/*!
requires
- 0 <= drop_rate <= 1
ensures
- #get_drop_rate() == drop_rate
!*/
float get_drop_rate (
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the probability that an individual input value to this layer will
be replaced with 0.
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
void forward_inplace(const tensor& input, tensor& output);
void backward_inplace(const tensor& gradient_input, tensor& data_grad, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
template <typename SUBNET>
using dropout = add_layer<dropout_, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class multiply_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a basic layer that just
multiplies its input tensor with a constant value and returns the result.
It therefore has no learnable parameters.
!*/
public:
explicit multiply_(
float val = 0.5
);
/*!
ensures
- #get_multiply_value() == val
!*/
multiply_ (
const dropout_& item
);
/*!
ensures
- #get_multiply_value() == 1-item.get_drop_rate()
(i.e. We construct the multiply_ layer so that it is essentially a
deterministic version of the given dropout_ layer)
!*/
float get_multiply_value (
) const;
/*!
ensures
- this layer simply multiplies its input tensor by get_multiply_value() and
produces the result as output.
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
void forward_inplace(const tensor& input, tensor& output);
void backward_inplace(const tensor& gradient_input, tensor& data_grad, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
template <typename SUBNET>
using multiply = add_layer<multiply_, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
enum layer_mode
{
CONV_MODE = 0, // convolutional mode
FC_MODE = 1 // fully connected mode
};
const double DEFAULT_BATCH_NORM_EPS = 0.0001;
template <
layer_mode mode
>
class bn_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a batch normalization layer that
implements the method described in the paper:
Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing
Internal Covariate Shift by Sergey Ioffe and Christian Szegedy
In particular, this layer produces output tensors with the same
dimensionality as the input tensors, except that the mean and variances of
the elements have been standardized to 0 and 1 respectively.
It should also be noted that when tensors with a num_samples() dimension of
1 are passed to this layer it doesn't perform batch normalization.
Instead, it runs in "inference mode" where the learned linear normalizing
transformation is used to transform the tensor.
Finally, after you finish training a batch normalized network, it is a good
idea to replace each bn_ layer with an affine_ layer because the affine_
layer is faster and will never surprise you by performing batch
normalization on tensors that have a num_samples() dimension > 1. This allows
you to run large mini-batches of samples through your final network without
batch normalization executing at all.
!*/
public:
bn_(
);
/*!
ensures
- #get_mode() == mode
- #get_running_stats_window_size() == 100
- #get_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_weight_decay_multiplier() == 0
- #get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier() == 1
- #get_eps() == tt::DEFAULT_BATCH_NORM_EPS
!*/
explicit bn_(
unsigned long window_size,
double eps = tt::DEFAULT_BATCH_NORM_EPS
);
/*!
requires
- eps > 0
- window_size > 0
ensures
- #get_mode() == mode
- #get_running_stats_window_size() == window_size
- #get_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_weight_decay_multiplier() == 0
- #get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier() == 1
- #get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier() == 1
- #get_eps() == eps
!*/
layer_mode get_mode(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the mode of this layer, either CONV_MODE or FC_MODE.
If the mode is FC_MODE then the normalization is applied across the
samples in a tensor (i.e. k()*nr()*nc() different things will be
normalized). Otherwise, normalization is applied across everything
except for the k() dimension, resulting in there being only k()
normalization equations that are applied spatially over the tensor.
Therefore, if you are putting batch normalization after a fully connected
layer you should use FC_MODE. Otherwise, if you are putting batch
normalization after a convolutional layer you should use CONV_MODE.
!*/
double get_eps(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- When doing batch normalization, we are dividing by the standard
deviation. This epsilon value returned by this function is added to the
variance to prevent the division from dividing by zero.
!*/
unsigned long get_running_stats_window_size (
) const;
/*!
ensures
- Just as recommended in the batch normalization paper, this object keeps a
running average of the mean and standard deviations of the features.
These averages are used during "inference mode" so you can run a single
object through a batch normalized network. They are also what is used to
initialize an affine_ layer that is constructed from a bn_ layer. This
function returns the effective number of recent samples used to compute
the running average.
!*/
void set_running_stats_window_size (
unsigned long new_window_size
);
/*!
requires
- new_window_size > 0
ensures
- #get_running_stats_window_size() == new_window_size
!*/
double get_learning_rate_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the learning rate used to optimize its parameters be
multiplied by get_learning_rate_multiplier().
!*/
double get_weight_decay_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the weight decay used to optimize its parameters be
multiplied by get_weight_decay_multiplier().
!*/
void set_learning_rate_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_learning_rate_multiplier() == val
!*/
void set_weight_decay_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_weight_decay_multiplier() == val
!*/
double get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the learning rate used to optimize its bias parameters be
multiplied by get_learning_rate_multiplier()*get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier().
!*/
double get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns a multiplier number. The interpretation is that this object is
requesting that the weight decay used to optimize its bias parameters be
multiplied by get_weight_decay_multiplier()*get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier().
!*/
void set_bias_learning_rate_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_bias_learning_rate_multiplier() == val
!*/
void set_bias_weight_decay_multiplier(
double val
);
/*!
requires
- val >= 0
ensures
- #get_bias_weight_decay_multiplier() == val
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
template <typename SUBNET> void forward(const SUBNET& sub, resizable_tensor& output);
template <typename SUBNET> void backward(const tensor& gradient_input, SUBNET& sub, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
template <typename SUBNET>
using bn_con = add_layer<bn_<CONV_MODE>, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET>
using bn_fc = add_layer<bn_<FC_MODE>, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <typename net_type>
void set_all_bn_running_stats_window_sizes (
const net_type& net,
unsigned long new_window_size
);
/*!
requires
- new_window_size > 0
- net_type is an object of type add_layer, add_loss_layer, add_skip_layer, or
add_tag_layer.
ensures
- Sets the get_running_stats_window_size() field of all bn_ layers in net to
new_window_size.
!*/
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class affine_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it applies a simple pointwise linear
transformation to an input tensor. You can think of it as having two
parameter tensors, A and B. If the input tensor is called INPUT then the
output of this layer is:
A*INPUT+B
where all operations are performed element wise and each sample in the
INPUT tensor is processed separately.
Moreover, this object has two modes that effect the dimensionalities of A
and B and how they are applied to compute A*INPUT+B. If
get_mode()==FC_MODE then A and B each have the same dimensionality as the
input tensor, except their num_samples() dimensions are 1. If
get_mode()==CONV_MODE then A and B have all their dimensions set to 1
except for k(), which is equal to INPUT.k().
In either case, the computation of A*INPUT+B is performed pointwise over all
the elements of INPUT using either:
OUTPUT(n,k,r,c) == A(1,k,r,c)*INPUT(n,k,r,c)+B(1,k,r,c)
or
OUTPUT(n,k,r,c) == A(1,k,1,1)*INPUT(n,k,r,c)+B(1,k,1,1)
as appropriate.
Finally, note that the parameters of this layer are not learnable and
therefore not modified during network updates. Instead, the layer will
perform the identity transformation unless it is initialized with a bn_
layer, in which case it will perform whatever transformation the bn_ layer
has learned.
!*/
public:
affine_(
);
/*!
ensures
- #get_mode() == FC_MODE
!*/
affine_(
layer_mode mode
);
/*!
ensures
- #get_mode() == mode
!*/
template <
layer_mode mode
>
affine_(
const bn_<mode>& layer
);
/*!
ensures
- Constructs affine_ so that it performs the same transformation as the
supplied batch normalization layer. You would want to do this after you
finish training a network with bn_ layers because the affine_ layer will
execute faster.
- #get_mode() == layer.get_mode()
!*/
layer_mode get_mode(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the mode of this layer, either CONV_MODE or FC_MODE.
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
void forward_inplace(const tensor& input, tensor& output);
void backward_inplace(const tensor& computed_output, const tensor& gradient_input, tensor& data_grad, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the
EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface. Also note that get_layer_params()
always returns an empty tensor since there are no learnable parameters in this
object.
!*/
};
template <typename SUBNET>
using affine = add_layer<affine_, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <
long _nr,
long _nc,
int _stride_y,
int _stride_x,
int _padding_y = _stride_y!=1? 0 : _nr/2,
int _padding_x = _stride_x!=1? 0 : _nc/2
>
class max_pool_
{
/*!
REQUIREMENTS ON TEMPLATE ARGUMENTS
- _nr >= 0
- _nc >= 0
- _stride_y > 0
- _stride_x > 0
- _padding_y >= 0
- _padding_x >= 0
- if (_nr != 0) then
- _padding_y < _nr
- else
- _padding_y == 0
- if (_nc != 0) then
- _padding_x < _nr
- else
- _padding_x == 0
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a max pooling layer that takes an
input tensor and downsamples it. It does this by sliding a window over the
images in an input tensor and outputting, for each channel, the maximum
element within the window.
If _nr == 0 then it means the filter size covers all the rows in the input
tensor, similarly for the _nc parameter. To be precise, if we call the
input tensor IN and the output tensor OUT, then OUT is defined as follows:
- let FILT_NR == (nr()==0) ? IN.nr() : nr()
- let FILT_NC == (nc()==0) ? IN.nc() : nc()
- OUT.num_samples() == IN.num_samples()
- OUT.k() == IN.k()
- OUT.nr() == 1+(IN.nr() + 2*padding_y() - FILT_NR)/stride_y()
- OUT.nc() == 1+(IN.nc() + 2*padding_x() - FILT_NC)/stride_x()
- for all valid s, k, r, and c:
- image_plane(OUT,s,k)(r,c) == max(subm_clipped(image_plane(IN,s,k),
centered_rect(x*stride_x() + FILT_NC/2 - padding_x(),
y*stride_y() + FILT_NR/2 - padding_y(),
FILT_NC,
FILT_NR)))
!*/
public:
max_pool_ (
);
/*!
ensures
- #nr() == _nr
- #nc() == _nc
- #stride_y() == _stride_y
- #stride_x() == _stride_x
- #padding_y() == _padding_y
- #padding_x() == _padding_x
!*/
long nr(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of rows in the pooling window or 0 if the window size
is "the entire input tensor".
!*/
long nc(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of rows in the pooling window or 0 if the window size
is "the entire input tensor".
!*/
long stride_y(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the vertical stride used when scanning the max pooling window
over an image. That is, each window will be moved stride_y() pixels down
at a time when it moves over the image.
!*/
long stride_x(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the horizontal stride used when scanning the max pooling window
over an image. That is, each window will be moved stride_x() pixels down
at a time when it moves over the image.
!*/
long padding_y(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of pixels of zero padding added to the top and bottom
sides of the image.
!*/
long padding_x(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of pixels of zero padding added to the left and right
sides of the image.
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
template <typename SUBNET> void forward(const SUBNET& sub, resizable_tensor& output);
template <typename SUBNET> void backward(const tensor& computed_output, const tensor& gradient_input, SUBNET& sub, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_
interface. Note that this layer doesn't have any parameters, so the tensor
returned by get_layer_params() is always empty.
!*/
};
template <
long nr,
long nc,
int stride_y,
int stride_x,
typename SUBNET
>
using max_pool = add_layer<max_pool_<nr,nc,stride_y,stride_x>, SUBNET>;
template <
typename SUBNET
>
using max_pool_everything = add_layer<max_pool_<0,0,1,1>, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <
long _nr,
long _nc,
int _stride_y,
int _stride_x,
int _padding_y = _stride_y!=1? 0 : _nr/2,
int _padding_x = _stride_x!=1? 0 : _nc/2
>
class avg_pool_
{
/*!
REQUIREMENTS ON TEMPLATE ARGUMENTS
- _nr >= 0
- _nc >= 0
- _stride_y > 0
- _stride_x > 0
- _padding_y >= 0
- _padding_x >= 0
- if (_nr != 0) then
- _padding_y < _nr
- else
- _padding_y == 0
- if (_nc != 0) then
- _padding_x < _nr
- else
- _padding_x == 0
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines an average pooling layer that
takes an input tensor and downsamples it. It does this by sliding a window
over the images in an input tensor and outputting, for each channel, the
average element within the window.
If _nr == 0 then it means the filter size covers all the rows in the input
tensor, similarly for the _nc parameter. To be precise, if we call the
input tensor IN and the output tensor OUT, then OUT is defined as follows:
- let FILT_NR == (nr()==0) ? IN.nr() : nr()
- let FILT_NC == (nc()==0) ? IN.nc() : nc()
- OUT.num_samples() == IN.num_samples()
- OUT.k() == IN.k()
- OUT.nr() == 1+(IN.nr() + 2*padding_y() - FILT_NR)/stride_y()
- OUT.nc() == 1+(IN.nc() + 2*padding_x() - FILT_NC)/stride_x()
- for all valid s, k, r, and c:
- image_plane(OUT,s,k)(r,c) == mean(subm_clipped(image_plane(IN,s,k),
centered_rect(x*stride_x() + FILT_NC/2 - padding_x(),
y*stride_y() + FILT_NR/2 - padding_y(),
FILT_NC,
FILT_NR)))
!*/
public:
avg_pool_ (
);
/*!
ensures
- #nr() == _nr
- #nc() == _nc
- #stride_y() == _stride_y
- #stride_x() == _stride_x
- #padding_y() == _padding_y
- #padding_x() == _padding_x
!*/
long nr(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of rows in the pooling window or 0 if the window size
is "the entire input tensor".
!*/
long nc(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of rows in the pooling window or 0 if the window size
is "the entire input tensor".
!*/
long stride_y(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the vertical stride used when scanning the pooling window
over an image. That is, each window will be moved stride_y() pixels down
at a time when it moves over the image.
!*/
long stride_x(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the horizontal stride used when scanning the pooling window
over an image. That is, each window will be moved stride_x() pixels down
at a time when it moves over the image.
!*/
long padding_y(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of pixels of zero padding added to the top and bottom
sides of the image.
!*/
long padding_x(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the number of pixels of zero padding added to the left and right
sides of the image.
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
template <typename SUBNET> void forward(const SUBNET& sub, resizable_tensor& output);
template <typename SUBNET> void backward(const tensor& computed_output, const tensor& gradient_input, SUBNET& sub, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_
interface. Note that this layer doesn't have any parameters, so the tensor
returned by get_layer_params() is always empty.
!*/
};
template <
long nr,
long nc,
int stride_y,
int stride_x,
typename SUBNET
>
using avg_pool = add_layer<avg_pool_<nr,nc,stride_y,stride_x>, SUBNET>;
template <
typename SUBNET
>
using avg_pool_everything = add_layer<avg_pool_<0,0,1,1>, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class relu_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a rectified linear layer.
Therefore, it passes its inputs through the function
f(x)=max(x,0)
where f() is applied pointwise across the input tensor.
!*/
public:
relu_(
);
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
void forward_inplace(const tensor& input, tensor& output);
void backward_inplace(const tensor& computed_output, const tensor& gradient_input, tensor& data_grad, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_
interface. Note that this layer doesn't have any parameters, so the tensor
returned by get_layer_params() is always empty.
!*/
};
template <typename SUBNET>
using relu = add_layer<relu_, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class prelu_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a parametric rectified linear
layer. Therefore, it passes its inputs through the function
f(x) = x>0 ? x : p*x
where f() is applied pointwise across the input tensor and p is a scalar
parameter learned by this layer.
This is the layer type introduced in the paper:
He, Kaiming, et al. "Delving deep into rectifiers: Surpassing
human-level performance on imagenet classification." Proceedings of the
IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. 2015.
!*/
public:
explicit prelu_(
float initial_param_value = 0.25
);
/*!
ensures
- The p parameter will be initialized with initial_param_value.
- #get_initial_param_value() == initial_param_value.
!*/
float get_initial_param_value (
) const;
/*!
ensures
- returns the initial value of the prelu parameter.
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
void forward_inplace(const tensor& input, tensor& output);
void backward_inplace(const tensor& computed_output, const tensor& gradient_input, tensor& data_grad, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
template <typename SUBNET>
using prelu = add_layer<prelu_, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class sig_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a sigmoid layer. Therefore, it
passes its inputs through the function
f(x)=1/(1+exp(-x))
where f() is applied pointwise across the input tensor.
!*/
public:
sig_(
);
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
void forward_inplace(const tensor& input, tensor& output);
void backward_inplace(const tensor& computed_output, const tensor& gradient_input, tensor& data_grad, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_
interface. Note that this layer doesn't have any parameters, so the tensor
returned by get_layer_params() is always empty.
!*/
};
template <typename SUBNET>
using sig = add_layer<sig_, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class htan_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a hyperbolic tangent layer.
Therefore, it passes its inputs through the function
f(x)=std::tanh(x)
where f() is applied pointwise across the input tensor.
!*/
public:
htan_(
);
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
void forward_inplace(const tensor& input, tensor& output);
void backward_inplace(const tensor& computed_output, const tensor& gradient_input, tensor& data_grad, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_
interface. Note that this layer doesn't have any parameters, so the tensor
returned by get_layer_params() is always empty.
!*/
};
template <typename SUBNET>
using htan = add_layer<htan_, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class softmax_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, it defines a softmax layer. To be precise,
we define the softmax function s(x) as:
s(x) == exp(x)/sum(exp(x))
where x is a vector. Then this layer treats its input tensor as a
collection of multi-channel images and applies s() to each spatial location
in each image. In each application, the tensor::k() channel elements at
each position are input to s() and then replaced by the outputs of s().
This means that, for example, if you collapsed each output image to a 1
channel image by adding the channels then you would end up with images
where each pixel value was 1. This is because the sum of the outputs of
s() will always be equal to 1.
!*/
public:
softmax_(
);
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
void forward_inplace(const tensor& input, tensor& output);
void backward_inplace(const tensor& computed_output, const tensor& gradient_input, tensor& data_grad, tensor& params_grad);
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_
interface. Note that this layer doesn't have any parameters, so the tensor
returned by get_layer_params() is always empty.
!*/
};
template <typename SUBNET>
using softmax = add_layer<softmax_, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <
template<typename> class tag
>
class add_prev_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. This layer simply adds the output of two previous layers.
In particular, it adds the tensor from its immediate predecessor layer,
sub.get_output(), with the tensor from a deeper layer,
layer<tag>(sub).get_output().
Therefore, you supply a tag via add_prev_'s template argument that tells it
what layer to add to the output of the previous layer. The result of this
addition is output by add_prev_. Finally, the addition happens pointwise
according to 4D tensor arithmetic. If the dimensions don't match then
missing elements are presumed to be equal to 0. Moreover, each dimension
of the output tensor is equal to the maximum dimension of either of the
inputs. That is, if the tensors A and B are being added to produce C then:
- C.num_samples() == max(A.num_samples(), B.num_samples())
- C.k() == max(A.k(), B.k())
- C.nr() == max(A.nr(), B.nr())
- C.nc() == max(A.nc(), B.nc())
!*/
public:
add_prev_(
);
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
template <typename SUBNET> void forward(const SUBNET& sub, resizable_tensor& output);
template <typename SUBNET> void backward(const tensor& gradient_input, SUBNET& sub, tensor& params_grad);
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
template <
template<typename> class tag,
typename SUBNET
>
using add_prev = add_layer<add_prev_<tag>, SUBNET>;
// Here we add some convenient aliases for using add_prev_ with the tag layers.
template <typename SUBNET> using add_prev1 = add_prev<tag1, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using add_prev2 = add_prev<tag2, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using add_prev3 = add_prev<tag3, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using add_prev4 = add_prev<tag4, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using add_prev5 = add_prev<tag5, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using add_prev6 = add_prev<tag6, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using add_prev7 = add_prev<tag7, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using add_prev8 = add_prev<tag8, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using add_prev9 = add_prev<tag9, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using add_prev10 = add_prev<tag10, SUBNET>;
using add_prev1_ = add_prev_<tag1>;
using add_prev2_ = add_prev_<tag2>;
using add_prev3_ = add_prev_<tag3>;
using add_prev4_ = add_prev_<tag4>;
using add_prev5_ = add_prev_<tag5>;
using add_prev6_ = add_prev_<tag6>;
using add_prev7_ = add_prev_<tag7>;
using add_prev8_ = add_prev_<tag8>;
using add_prev9_ = add_prev_<tag9>;
using add_prev10_ = add_prev_<tag10>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <
template<typename> class tag
>
class mult_prev_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. This layer simply multiplies the output of two previous
layers. In particular, it multiplies the tensor from its immediate
predecessor layer, sub.get_output(), with the tensor from a deeper layer,
layer<tag>(sub).get_output().
Therefore, you supply a tag via mult_prev_'s template argument that tells
it what layer to multiply with the output of the previous layer. The
result of this multiplication is output by mult_prev_. Finally, the
multiplication happens pointwise according to 4D tensor arithmetic. If the
dimensions don't match then missing elements are presumed to be equal to 0.
Moreover, each dimension of the output tensor is equal to the maximum
dimension of either of the inputs. That is, if the tensors A and B are
being multiplied to produce C then:
- C.num_samples() == max(A.num_samples(), B.num_samples())
- C.k() == max(A.k(), B.k())
- C.nr() == max(A.nr(), B.nr())
- C.nc() == max(A.nc(), B.nc())
!*/
public:
mult_prev_(
);
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
template <typename SUBNET> void forward(const SUBNET& sub, resizable_tensor& output);
template <typename SUBNET> void backward(const tensor& gradient_input, SUBNET& sub, tensor& params_grad);
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
template <
template<typename> class tag,
typename SUBNET
>
using mult_prev = add_layer<mult_prev_<tag>, SUBNET>;
// Here we add some convenient aliases for using mult_prev_ with the tag layers.
template <typename SUBNET> using mult_prev1 = mult_prev<tag1, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using mult_prev2 = mult_prev<tag2, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using mult_prev3 = mult_prev<tag3, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using mult_prev4 = mult_prev<tag4, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using mult_prev5 = mult_prev<tag5, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using mult_prev6 = mult_prev<tag6, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using mult_prev7 = mult_prev<tag7, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using mult_prev8 = mult_prev<tag8, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using mult_prev9 = mult_prev<tag9, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using mult_prev10 = mult_prev<tag10, SUBNET>;
using mult_prev1_ = mult_prev_<tag1>;
using mult_prev2_ = mult_prev_<tag2>;
using mult_prev3_ = mult_prev_<tag3>;
using mult_prev4_ = mult_prev_<tag4>;
using mult_prev5_ = mult_prev_<tag5>;
using mult_prev6_ = mult_prev_<tag6>;
using mult_prev7_ = mult_prev_<tag7>;
using mult_prev8_ = mult_prev_<tag8>;
using mult_prev9_ = mult_prev_<tag9>;
using mult_prev10_ = mult_prev_<tag10>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template<
template<typename> class... TAG_TYPES
>
class concat_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. This layer simply concatenates the output of tagged layers.
Importantly, each input layer must have the same dimensions (i.e.
num_samples, nr, and nc) except for the k channel, which may vary. This is
because the concatenation happens along the k dimension. That is, the
output of this network is a tensor, OUT, that is the concatenation of the
tensors:
for each (tag in TAG_TYPES)
layer<tag>(subnet).get_output()
Therefore, out.num_samples(), out.nr(), and out.nc() match the dimensions
of the input tensors while OUT.k() is the sum of the input layer's k()
dimensions.
!*/
public:
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
template <typename SUBNET> void forward(const SUBNET& sub, resizable_tensor& output);
template <typename SUBNET> void backward(const tensor& gradient_input, SUBNET& sub, tensor& params_grad);
dpoint map_input_to_output(dpoint p) const;
dpoint map_output_to_input(dpoint p) const;
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
// concat layer definitions
template <template<typename> class TAG1,
template<typename> class TAG2,
typename SUBNET>
using concat2 = add_layer<concat_<TAG1, TAG2>, SUBNET>;
template <template<typename> class TAG1,
template<typename> class TAG2,
template<typename> class TAG3,
typename SUBNET>
using concat3 = add_layer<concat_<TAG1, TAG2, TAG3>, SUBNET>;
template <template<typename> class TAG1,
template<typename> class TAG2,
template<typename> class TAG3,
template<typename> class TAG4,
typename SUBNET>
using concat4 = add_layer<concat_<TAG1, TAG2, TAG3, TAG4>, SUBNET>;
template <template<typename> class TAG1,
template<typename> class TAG2,
template<typename> class TAG3,
template<typename> class TAG4,
template<typename> class TAG5,
typename SUBNET>
using concat5 = add_layer<concat_<TAG1, TAG2, TAG3, TAG4, TAG5>, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!A inception layer definitions !*/
// Now define inception layer tag types. These layer aliases allow creating
// the networks described in the paper:
// Szegedy, Christian, et al. "Going deeper with convolutions." Proceedings of
// the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2015.
// See the dnn_inception_ex.cpp example for a complete example of their use. Note also
// that we use tag ID numbers >= 1000 to avoid conflict with user's tag layers.
template <typename SUBNET> using itag0 = add_tag_layer< 1000 + 0, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using itag1 = add_tag_layer< 1000 + 1, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using itag2 = add_tag_layer< 1000 + 2, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using itag3 = add_tag_layer< 1000 + 3, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using itag4 = add_tag_layer< 1000 + 4, SUBNET>;
template <typename SUBNET> using itag5 = add_tag_layer< 1000 + 5, SUBNET>;
// skip to inception input
template <typename SUBNET> using iskip = add_skip_layer< itag0, SUBNET>;
// here are some templates to be used for creating inception layer groups
template <template<typename>class B1,
template<typename>class B2,
typename SUBNET>
using inception2 = concat2<itag1, itag2, itag1<B1<iskip< itag2<B2< itag0<SUBNET>>>>>>>;
template <template<typename>class B1,
template<typename>class B2,
template<typename>class B3,
typename SUBNET>
using inception3 = concat3<itag1, itag2, itag3, itag1<B1<iskip< itag2<B2<iskip< itag3<B3< itag0<SUBNET>>>>>>>>>>;
template <template<typename>class B1,
template<typename>class B2,
template<typename>class B3,
template<typename>class B4,
typename SUBNET>
using inception4 = concat4<itag1, itag2, itag3, itag4,
itag1<B1<iskip< itag2<B2<iskip< itag3<B3<iskip< itag4<B4< itag0<SUBNET>>>>>>>>>>>>>;
template <template<typename>class B1,
template<typename>class B2,
template<typename>class B3,
template<typename>class B4,
template<typename>class B5,
typename SUBNET>
using inception5 = concat5<itag1, itag2, itag3, itag4, itag5,
itag1<B1<iskip< itag2<B2<iskip< itag3<B3<iskip< itag4<B4<iskip< itag5<B5< itag0<SUBNET>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const double DEFAULT_L2_NORM_EPS = 1e-5;
class l2normalize_
{
/*!
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. It takes tensors as input and L2 normalizes them. In particular,
it has the following properties:
- The output tensors from this layer have the same dimensions as the
input tensors.
- If you think of each input tensor as a set of tensor::num_samples()
vectors, then the output tensor contains the same vectors except they
have been length normalized so that their L2 norms are all 1. I.e.
for each vector v we will have ||v||==1.
!*/
public:
explicit l2normalize_(
double eps = tt::DEFAULT_L2_NORM_EPS
);
/*!
requires
- eps > 0
ensures
- #get_eps() == eps
!*/
double get_eps(
) const;
/*!
ensures
- When we normalize a vector we divide it by its L2 norm. However, the
get_eps() value is added to the squared norm prior to division to avoid
ever dividing by zero.
!*/
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
void forward_inplace(const tensor& input, tensor& output);
void backward_inplace(const tensor& computed_output, const tensor& gradient_input, tensor& data_grad, tensor& params_grad);
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <
long _offset,
long _k,
long _nr,
long _nc
>
class extract_
{
/*!
REQUIREMENTS ON TEMPLATE ARGUMENTS
- 0 <= _offset
- 0 < _k
- 0 < _nr
- 0 < _nc
WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
This is an implementation of the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface
defined above. In particular, the output of this layer is simply a copy of
the input tensor. However, you can configure the extract layer to output
only some subset of the input tensor and also to reshape it. Therefore,
the dimensions of the tensor output by this layer are as follows (letting
IN be the input tensor and OUT the output tensor):
- OUT.num_samples() == IN.num_samples()
- OUT.k() == _k
- OUT.nr() == _nr
- OUT.nc() == _nc
So the output will always have the same number of samples as the input, but
within each sample (the k,nr,nc part) we will copy only a subset of the
values. Moreover, the _offset parameter controls which part of each sample
we take. To be very precise, we will have:
- let IN_SIZE = IN.k()*IN.nr()*IN.nc()
- let OUT_SIZE = _k*_nr*_nc
- for i in range[0,IN.num_samples()) and j in range[0,OUT_SIZE):
- OUT.host()[i*OUT_SIZE+j] == IN.host()[i*IN_SIZE+_offset+j]
Finally, all this means that the input tensor to this layer must have a big
enough size to accommodate taking a _k*_nr*_nc slice from each of its
samples.
!*/
public:
template <typename SUBNET> void setup (const SUBNET& sub);
template <typename SUBNET> void forward(const SUBNET& sub, resizable_tensor& output);
template <typename SUBNET> void backward(const tensor& gradient_input, SUBNET& sub, tensor& params_grad);
const tensor& get_layer_params() const;
tensor& get_layer_params();
/*!
These functions are implemented as described in the EXAMPLE_COMPUTATIONAL_LAYER_ interface.
!*/
};
template <
long offset,
long k,
long nr,
long nc,
typename SUBNET
>
using extract = add_layer<extract_<offset,k,nr,nc>, SUBNET>;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
}
#endif // DLIB_DNn_LAYERS_ABSTRACT_H_