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Oracle® OLAP DML Reference
11g Release 2 (11.2)

Part Number E17122-07
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AW command

The syntax of the AW command varies depending on the task that you want to perform.


AW ALIASLIST
AW ATTACH
AW CREATE
AW DELETE
AW DETACH
AW FREEZE
AW LIST
AW PURGE CACHE
AW ROLLBACK TO FREEZE
AW SEGMENTSIZE
AW THAW
AW TRUNCATE

Usage Notes

Triggering Program Execution When an AW Statement Executes

When a program named TRIGGER_AW exists in an analytic workspace, the execution of an AW statement for that workspace automatically executes that program. See "Trigger Programs" and the TRIGGER_AW program, for more information.

When an AW ATTACH statement executes Oracle OLAP checks for other programs as well. See "Startup Programs" for more information.

Options Related to the AW Statement

"Analytic Workspace Options" lists the options that you might want to reset before you either create or attach an analytic workspace.

EXPRESS Workspace

When your Database is installed with the OLAP option, the EXPRESS workspace is always attached in read-only mode in your session. It never automatically becomes the current workspace, even when it is the first or only workspace in your workspace list, because it is for internal use by Oracle OLAP. You can make the EXPRESS workspace the current workspace by explicitly attaching it, but this is not recommended. You cannot detach the EXPRESS workspace.


AW ALIASLIST

The AW ALIASLIST command assigns or deletes one or more workspace alias for the specified attached workspace or, when no workspace is specified, for the current workspace. ALIAS indicates that the alias or aliases should be assigned, and UNALIAS indicates that the alias or aliases should be deleted. All aliases for a given workspace are automatically deleted when you detach an analytic workspace.

Syntax

AW ALIASLIST [workspace] {ALIAS|UNALIAS} alias1, alias2, ...

Parameters

workspace

The name of the analytic workspace. You can specify either an analytic workspace name or an analytic workspace alias, depending on the keywords you are using.

ALIAS

Assigns one or more workspace alias for the specified attached workspace or, when no workspace is specified, for the current workspace. ALIAS indicates that the alias or aliases should be assigned, and UNALIAS indicates that the alias or aliases should be deleted.

All aliases for a given workspace are automatically deleted when you detach an analytic workspace. Therefore, each time you attach an unattached workspace, you must reassign its aliases.

UNALIAS

Deletes one or more workspace alias for the specified attached workspace or, when no workspace is specified, for the current workspace.

alias1
alias2

The alias name for the analytic workspace. Alias names:

  • Can be from 1 - 26 characters in length. All characters must come from the database character set and must be letters, numerals, or underscores.

  • Cannot begin with a numeral and cannot be reserved words in the DML. (Use RESERVED to identify reserved words.)

Examples

Example 9-49 Assigning an Alias

The following statement assigns sdemo as an alias for the demo workspace, which was created by a user named scott. The full name of the workspace is specified because the current user is not scott.

AW ALIASLIST scott.demo ALIAS sdemo

In the following statement, the user named scott assigns mydemo as an alias for the same workspace.

AW ALIASLIST demo ALIAS mydemo

AW ATTACH

The AW ATTACH command attaches an analytic workspace to your session. Oracle OLAP makes the specified workspace the current one. Previously attached workspaces move down in the list of attached workspaces to make room for the new current one at the top of the list. When there is a cached version of the requested analytic workspace then the cached version is moved back to the list of attached workspaces unless, of course, the current version of the analytic workspace is more recent than the cached version.

When you attach multiple workspaces, the code and data in all the attached workspaces are available during your session. The current workspace is first on the workspace list, which Oracle OLAP keeps for your session.

Note:

When an AW ATTACH statement executes, it can trigger the execution of several programs. See "Startup Programs" for more information.

Syntax

AW ATTACH workspace  -

     [ONATTACH [progname]|NOONATTACH] -

     [RO [THAW] ] | RW | RWX | MULTI [THAW]] [WAIT | NOWAIT] ] -

     [AUTOGO [progname]|NOAUTOGO] -

     [AFTER workspace|BEFORE workspace|LAST|FIRST] -

     [PASSWORD password]

Parameters

workspace

The name of the analytic workspace. When you use the ATTACH keyword to attach an analytic workspace that is not already attached, you must specify the workspace name. Again this is because no alias has been assigned using AW ALIAS LIST. However, when you use the ATTACH keyword on an already attached workspace (for example, to change its position in the workspace list), you can assign an alias using AW ALIAS LIST and then use that assigned alias.

ONATTACH [progname]

(Default) When you do not specify progname, the ONATTACH clause automatically runs a program named ONATTACDH if one exists in the attached workspace. You can get the same results by not specifying NOONATTACH.

NOONATTACH

Specifying NOONATTACH indicates that when a program named ONATTACH exists in the workspace, Oracle OLAP should not execute that program.

AUTOGO [progname]

(Default) When you do not specify progname, the AUTOGO clause automatically runs a program named AUTOGO if one exists in the attached workspace. You can get the same results by not specifying NOAUTOGO.

When you do specify progname, the AUTOGO clause automatically runs the specified program in the attached program.

NOAUTOGO

Specifying NOAUTOGO indicates that when a program named AUTOGO exists in the workspace, Oracle OLAP should not execute that program.

RO

(Default) Specifies that the workspace is attached in read-only access mode. Users can make private changes to the data in the workspace to perform what-if analysis but cannot commit any of these changes.

an analytic workspace that is attached read-only can be accessed simultaneously by several sessions. The read-only attach mode is compatible with the read/write and multiwriter access mode. A user can attach an analytic workspace in read-only mode when other users have the workspace attached in either read/write and multiwriter access mode. Likewise, a user cannot attach an analytic workspace in read/write exclusive mode when another user has it attached in read-only mode. When you attach an analytic workspace with read-only access, Oracle OLAP executes a program called PERMIT_READ, when it finds one in the workspace.

THAW

Specifies that Oracle OLAP attach the current view of an analytic workspace that was frozen using an AW FREEZE command without the NOTHAW keyword.

RW

Specifies that the workspace is attached in read/write access mode. Only one user can have an analytic workspace open in read/write at a time. The user has to commit either all or none of the changes made to the workspace.

an analytic workspace that is attached read/write non-exclusive can be accessed simultaneously by several sessions. The read/write non-exclusive attach mode is only compatible with the read-only access mode. A user can attach an analytic workspace in read/write mode when other users have the workspace attached in read-only mode; however, a user cannot attach an analytic workspace in read/write mode when another user has it attached in any other mode. Likewise, a user cannot attach an analytic workspace in any mode other than read-only when another user has it attached in read/write non-exclusive mode. When you attach an analytic workspace with read/write access, Oracle OLAP executes a program called PERMIT_WRITE, when it finds one in the workspace.

RWX

Specifies that the workspace is attached in read/write exclusive access mode. Only one user can have an analytic workspace open in read/write exclusive at a time. The user has to commit either all or none of the changes made to the workspace.

an analytic workspace that is attached read/write exclusive cannot be accessed by any other sessions.  The read/write exclusive attach mode is not compatible with any other access modes. A user cannot attach an analytic workspace in read/write exclusive mode when another user has it attached in any mode. Likewise, a user cannot attach an analytic workspace in any other mode when another user has it attached in read/write exclusive mode. When you attach an analytic workspace with read/write access, Oracle OLAP executes a program called PERMIT_WRITE, when it finds one in the workspace.

MULTI

Specifies that the workspace is attached in multiwriter access mode. An analytic workspace that is attached in multiwriter mode can be accessed simultaneously by several sessions. In multiwriter mode, users can simultaneously modify the same analytic workspace in a controlled manner by specifying the attachment mode (read-only or read/write) for individual variables, relations, valuesets, and dimensions.

The multiwriter attach mode is only compatible with read-only and multiwriter modes. A user cannot attach an analytic workspace in multiwriter mode when another user has it attached in read/write or exclusive modes. Likewise, a user cannot attach an analytic workspace in read/write or exclusive mode when another user has it attached in multiwriter mode.

WAIT
NOWAIT

Specifies whether Oracle OLAP waits for an analytic workspace to become available for access when you request access to an analytic workspace that is being used with read/write exclusive access or when you request read/write access to an analytic workspace that is being used with read/write non-exclusive access. NOWAIT (the default) causes Oracle OLAP to produce an error message indicating that the workspace is unavailable. When you specify WAIT, Oracle OLAP waits for the workspace to become available for access. The number of seconds that Oracle OLAP waits for access depends on the value of the Oracle OLAP AWWAITTIME option.

FIRST

(Default) Makes the workspace you are attaching the current workspace in the workspace list.

LAST

Puts the workspace after the current workspace in the workspace list and before the EXPRESS workspace. When there are other workspaces attached before the EXPRESS workspace, the specified workspace is attached after them. When there are no workspaces before the EXPRESS workspace, LAST makes the specified workspace the current one. LAST ignores any workspaces after the EXPRESS workspace.

AFTER workspace
BEFORE workspace

Let you specify the position in the workspace list of the newly attached workspace relative to an analytic workspace that is attached. Use AFTER, rather than LAST, to attach an analytic workspace after the EXPRESS workspace. When specifying BEFORE puts the workspace first, the workspace becomes the current one.

The order of the workspace list determines the order in which workspaces are searched when Oracle OLAP looks for programs or objects named in programs.

PASSWORD password

Specifies a password to be checked in a startup program to give or deny access to the workspace being attached. See "Startup Programs".

Usage Notes

Using ATTACH on an Already-Attached Workspace

Reattaching an attached workspace with a AW ATTACH workspace statement does not cause Oracle OLAP to bring a new copy of the workspace into working memory. Instead, Oracle OLAP takes the following actions:

  1. Makes the workspace the current workspace.

  2. Runs an Autogo program, when you specify the AUTOGO keyword

However, when you have made any changes to data during the session, they are not discarded when you reattach an active workspace. Furthermore, current aliases for the workspace are not changed.

Managing Analytic Workspaces Attached in Multiwriter Mode

You use the following commands to manage objects in multiwriter mode:

The following considerations apply:

Attaching a Frozen Analytic Workspace

Once an analytic workspace is frozen, attaching an analytic workspace in RO and MULTI attaches the frozen view of the workspace unless you specify the THAW keyword to request that the current view be attached. (When you attach in RW or RW, you always get the latest generation.)

When you attach the current view, the state of the analytic workspace may not necessarily be consistent if there is a multi-step build with intermediate commits. For example, assume that there is an analytic workspace that has two variables: actual and budget. Assume also that you have populated actual and then issued UPDATE and COMMIT commands. At this point in time, there is data only in actual.

When you are attaching a frozen analytic workspace in read multi mode, you can use the multi-writer commands (RESYNC and ACQUIRE) to retrieve up-to-date versions of the data whether or not you have specified AW FREEZE with the NOTHAW keyword.

Conflicts between Workspace Names and Aliases

You cannot attach an analytic workspace that is in your schema and whose name is the same as an assigned alias. Similarly, you cannot assign an alias that duplicates the name of an attached workspace that is in your schema. Furthermore, you cannot assign the same alias to two attached workspaces.

In an AW DELETE statement, when you specify an analytic workspace name (for an analytic workspace that is not attached) and the name is the same as an assigned alias, Oracle OLAP interprets the name as an alias and reports an error.

Examples

Example 9-50 Startup Programs

Assume that you have created an analytic workspace named awtest that contains five programs named PERMIT_READ, PERMIT_WRITE, ONATTACH, MYATTACH, and AUTOGO that have the following definitions.

DEFINE PERMIT_READ PROGRAM BOOLEAN
PROGRAM
SHOW 'permit_read program executing'
AW LIST
RETURN YES
END
 
DEFINE PERMIT_WRITE PROGRAM BOOLEAN
PROGRAM
SHOW 'permit_write program executing'
AW LIST
RETURN YES
END
 
DEFINE ONATTACH PROGRAM BOOLEAN
PROGRAM
SHOW 'onattach program executing'
AW LIST
RETURN YES
END
 
DEFINE MYATTACH PROGRAM BOOLEAN
PROGRAM
SHOW 'myattach program executing'
AW LIST
RETURN YES
END
 
DEFINE AUTOGO PROGRAM 
PROGRAM
SHOW 'autogo program executing'
AW LIST
END
 

The programs that execute when you attach awtest vary depending on the attachment mode and keywords in the AW ATTACH statement:

  • When you attach awtest in read/write mode using the following statements.

    AW DETACH awtest
    AW ATTACH awtest RW
    

    First the PERMIT_WRITE program executes, and then the ONATTACH program executes.

  • When you attach awtest in read-only mode using the following statements.

    AW DETACH axuserwtest
    AW ATTACH awtest NOONATTACH RO
    

    Only the PERMIT_READ program executes.

  • When you attach awtest in read-only mode using the following statements.

    AW DETACH awtest
    AW ATTACH awtest RO
    

    First the PERMIT_READ program executes, and then the ONATTACH program executes.

  • When you attach awtest in read-only mode using the following statements.

    AW DETACH awtest
    AW ATTACH awtest ONATTACH myattach RO
    

    First the PERMIT_READ program executes, and then the MYATTACH program executes.

  • When you attach awtest in multi mode using the following statements.

    AW DETACH awtest
    AW ATTACH awtest MULTI
    

    First the PERMIT_WRITE program executes, and then the ONATTACH program executes.

  • When you attach awtest in read-only mode using the following statements.

    AW DETACH awtest
    AW ATTACH awtest AUTOGO
    

    First the PERMIT_WRITE program executes. Secondly, the ONATTACH program executes. Finally, the AUTOGO program executes.

Example 9-51 Attaching an Analytic Workspace Using an ONATTACH Program

Suppose you have two workspaces of sales data, one for expenses and one for revenue. You have a third workspace called analysis contains programs to analyze the data. Your analysis workspace has the following ONATTACH program to attach the other two.

DEFINE onattach PROGRAM
PROGRAM
AW ATTACH expenses RW AFTER analysis 
AW ATTACH revenues RW AFTER analysis 
END

To run the ONATTACH program, attach the analysis workspace with the following statement.

AW ATTACH analysis 

When you issue an AW LIST statement, you can see from the following output, that all three of your analytic workspaces are attached.

ANALYSIS  R/W CHANGED   XUSER.ANALYSIS
REVENUE   R/W UNCHANGED XUSER.REVENUES
EXPENSES  R/W UNCHANGED XUSER.EXPENSES
EXPRESS   R/O UNCHANGED SYS.EXPRESS

AW CREATE

The AW CREATE command creates a new workspace and make it the current workspace in your session.

Oracle OLAP automatically executes a COMMIT as part of its procedure for creating an analytic workspace. Previously attached workspaces move down in the list of attached workspaces to make room for the new one at the top of the list.

Also, if the current analytic workspace is creating a different analytic workspace and the current workspace contains a program named TRIGGER_AW, then the TRIGGER_AW program executes.

Note:

Before you can create an analytic workspace you need the appropriate SQL GRANT privileges as outlined in "Privileges Needed to Create and Delete Analytic Workspaces".

Syntax

AW CREATE workspace [position] [UNPARTITIONED|PARTITIONS n] -

     [SEGMENTSIZE n [K, M, or G]] [TABLESPACE tblspname]

where position specifies the workspace's position in the workspace list and is one of the following values. (FIRST is the default.)

AFTER workspace
BEFORE workspace
LAST
FIRST

Parameters

workspace

The name of the analytic workspace. Workspace names:

  • Can be from 1 - 26 characters in length. All characters must come from the database character set and must be letters, numerals, or underscores.

  • Cannot begin with a numeral and cannot be reserved words in the DML. (Use RESERVED to identify reserved words.)

FIRST

(Default) Makes the workspace you are attaching the current workspace.

LAST

Puts the workspace after the current workspace and before the EXPRESS workspace. When there are other workspaces attached before the EXPRESS workspace, the specified workspace is attached after them. When there are no workspaces before the EXPRESS workspace, LAST makes the specified workspace the current one. LAST ignores any workspaces after the EXPRESS workspace.

AFTER
BEFORE

Specify the position of the newly attached workspace relative to an analytic workspace that is already attached. Use AFTER, rather than LAST, to attach an analytic workspace after the EXPRESS workspace. When specifying BEFORE puts the workspace first, the workspace becomes the current one.

The order of the workspace list determines the order in which workspaces are searched when Oracle OLAP looks for programs or objects named in programs.

UNPARTITIONED

Specifies that the relational table that is the analytic workspace is not a partitioned table.

PARTITIONS n

Specifies that the relational table that is the analytic workspace is a hash partitioned table with n partitions. Specifying a value of 0 (zero) for n is the same as specifying UNPARTITIONED. The default value of n is 8.

SEGMENTSIZE n [K, M, or G]

With the CREATE keyword, this argument sets the maximum size of each segment for the workspace being created. When you do not specify K, M, or G, the value you specify for n is interpreted as bytes. When you specify K, M, or G after the value n, the value is interpreted as kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes, respectively.

TABLESPACE  tblspname

Specifies the name of an Oracle Database tablespace in which the analytic workspace is created.

Tip:

Oracle suggests that you use the TABLESPACE argument to create your workspace in a tablespace that has been prepared for this purpose. Ask your DBA which tablespace use.

Usage Notes

Analytic Workspace Permissions

You can add security to analytic workspaces at several levels:

Examples

Example 9-52 Creating and Starting an analytic workspace

You can use the AW command with the CREATE keyword to create and start a new workspace.

AW CREATE mywork

AW DELETE

The AW DELETE command deletes a detached analytic workspace from the Database. It is important to note that Oracle OLAP automatically executes a COMMIT as part of its procedure for deleting an analytic workspace. The DELETE keyword executes successfully only when no user has the workspace attached.

Note:

If the current analytic workspace is deleting a different analytic workspace and the current workspace contains a program named TRIGGER_AW, then the TRIGGER_AW program executes.

Syntax

AW DELETE workspace

Parameters

workspace

The name of the analytic workspace. You must specify the name; you cannot specify an alias.

Usage Notes

Deleting an Unattached Workspace

When you attempt to delete an unattached workspace and the name is the same as an assigned alias, Oracle OLAP interprets the name as an alias and reports an error.

Examples

Example 9-53 Deleting an analytic workspace

You can use the AW command with the DELETE keyword to delete an analytic workspace.

AW DELETE mywork

AW DETACH

The AW DETACH command removes an analytic workspace from the workspace list. When you remove the first workspace, the second workspace becomes the current workspace (unless it is the EXPRESS workspace). When you detach an analytic workspace, changes that were made before an UPDATE was issued remain in the Database and become permanent with the next COMMIT. When changes were made after the UPDATE was issued, they are discarded.

Note:

When a program named TRIGGER_AW exists in the analytic workspace, the execution of an AW DETACH statement automatically executes that program.

Syntax

AW DETACH [CACHE|NOCACHE] workspace

Parameters

CACHE

Specifies that the analytic workspace is cached if there have been no changes to it since it was attached. (Default)

NOCACHE

Specifies that the analytic workspace is not cached even if there have been no changes to it since it was attached.

Note:

You must specify NOCACHE when you detach an analytic workspace if you want Oracle OLAP to execute any Permission, OnAttach, or Autogo programs the next time you attach the workspace in the same session.
workspace

The name of the analytic workspace. You can specify either an analytic workspace name or an analytic workspace alias, depending on the keywords you are using.

Usage Notes

Determining if an Analytic Workspace Has Changed

The following statements indicate if an analytic workspace has been changed while it was attached:

Cache Size

By default the list of cached analytic workspaces is two. In other words, by default only two analytic workspaces can be on the cached at one time and as new workspaces are added to the cache list, earlier workspaces are removed. For example, assume that you have detached two analytic workspaces in the following order: 1) mywk1, 2) mywk2. Now you issue an AW DETACH CACHE command for mywk3. Oracle OLAP removes mywk1 from the cache and the cache list and caches mywk3 adding it to the cache list after mywk2.

Note:

Under severe memory contention, Oracle OLAP may release memory by emptying the cache.

You can change the size of the cache by using the event number 37372 where level is the number of analytic workspaces to retain. Specify a level of 1024 to disable the cache entirely. Not determined for beta: Is this information valid to regular developers?

Programs Executed When an Analytic Workspace is Detached

When an analytic workspace is detached, the following programs may execute:

Examples

Example 9-54 Detaching an analytic workspace

You can use the AW command with the DETACH keyword to detach an analytic workspace.

AW DETACH expense 

AW FREEZE

The AW FREEZE command commits the current transaction (if any) and sets a flag that specifies that the analytic workspace is the default attach version of the workspace. Later, when a request is made to attach the workspace in read only or read multi mode, Oracle OLAP attaches this flagged generation of the analytic workspace.

Note:

You must be attached to the analytic workspace in a write mode to execute this command.

Syntax

AW FREEZE [NOTHAW]

Parameters

NOTHAW

Specifies that you cannot specify the THAW keyword with AW ATTACH when you attach the workspace at a later time.

Note:

Once an analytic workspace is frozen, attaching an analytic workspace in read only or read multi mode attaches the analytic workspace as of the frozen view unless you specify the THAW keyword with the AW ATTACH command.

Usage Notes

Freezing an Analytic Workspace

Keep the following points in mind when freezing an analytic workspace:


AW LIST

The AW LIST command sends to the current outfile a list of the active workspaces, along with their update status.

Syntax

AW LIST

Usage Notes

Output Produced by AW LIST

The first workspace in the list is the current workspace, unless you do not have a current workspace. The meaning of the update status, CHANGED or UNCHANGED, depends on whether the workspace is attached with read/write or read-only access and whether or not the workspace is being shared with other users. The update status displayed by AW LIST is as follows:

Current Workspace

The name of the current workspace is first on the workspace list and is the name returned by the AW(NAME) function. (See the AW function for details.) The NAME dimension includes only the objects in the current workspace. Programs such as AWDESCRIBE and LISTBY list only objects in the current workspace. When an analytic workspace is active but not current, you can change and update its data, edit and run its programs, and modify its objects.

Examples

Assume that you have just connected to Oracle OLAP using the OLAP Worksheet. You issue an AW LIST statement that returns a value showing that the only attached analytic workspace is EXPRESS.

AW LIST
EXPRESS   R/O UNCHANGED SYS.EXPRESS
 

Now you create an analytic workspace and issue another AW LIST statement. You can see that both the EXPRESS analytic workspace and the newly created analytic workspace are attached.

AW CREATE myaw
AW LIST
MYAW      R/W UNCHANGED MYNAME.MYAW
EXPRESS   R/O UNCHANGED SYS.EXPRESS
 

AW PURGE CACHE

The AW PURGE CACHE command detaches any analytic workspaces that are currently in the cache.

Syntax

AW PURGE CACHE


AW ROLLBACK TO FREEZE

The AW ROLLBACK TO FREEZE makes current the version of the analytic workspace that was created by the last AW FREEZE command.

Syntax

AW ROLLBACK TO FREEZE


AW SEGMENTSIZE

The AW SEGMENTSIZE command sets up an analytic workspace for multiple segments.

Syntax

AW SEGMENTSIZE [K, M, or G] [workspace]

Parameters

workspace

The name of the analytic workspace. You can specify either an analytic workspace name or an analytic workspace alias, depending on the keywords you are using.

SEGMENTSIZE [K, M, or G] [workspace]

Sets the maximum size of each segment for a specified workspace or, when no workspace is specified, for the current workspace.

When the current workspace already has several segments, setting SEGMENTSIZE affects only the most recent one and has no effect on previous ones. Previous segments may have various sizes, determined by the SEGMENTSIZE setting at the time each one was created. When you do not specify K, M, or G, the value you specify for n is interpreted as bytes. When you specify K, M, or G after the value n, the value is interpreted as kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes, respectively.


AW THAW

The AW THAW command commits the current transaction (if any) and undoes a previous AW FREEZE command.

Syntax

AW THAW


AW TRUNCATE

Deletes all of the objects and data from an existing analytic workspace. Oracle also deallocates all of the table space used by the analytic workspace.Removing data using AW TRUNCATE can be more efficient and less "destructive" than deleting an analytic workspace using AW DELETE. For example, when you remove data using AW TRUNCATE, all of the object privileges that were previously granted remain.

For more information on truncating a table, see TRUNCATE TABLE in Oracle Database SQL Language Reference.

Note:

Before you can truncate an analytic workspace in a schema that you do not own, you need the appropriate SQL GRANT privilege as outlined in "Privileges Needed to Create and Delete Analytic Workspaces".

Syntax

AW TRUNCATE workspace

Parameters

workspace

The name of the analytic workspace. You must specify the name; you cannot specify an alias.

Examples

Example 9-55 Removing all Data from an analytic workspace

You can use the AW command with the TRUNCATE keyword to delete all of the objects and data in an analytic workspace.

AW TRUNCATE mywork